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1.
雪冰中生物有机酸的测试分析方法研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
生物有机酸是构成酸雨的组分类别，对地表环境有着重要影响，由于其来源与生物界关系密切，因此，对其在雪冰中记录的研究是从历史的角度认识C，H，O等生源元素生物地球化学循环，认识过去生态和环境变化的途径之一，但是，由于其含量较低，易遭受污染等原因，雪冰中有机酸含量的定量测定一直是困扰研究人员的一个问题，在对目前有机酸测试分析现状，测试分析的难点和问题调研的基础上，文章提出了一种利用DX－300离子色谱测试山地冰川雪冰中生物有机酸含量的方法，该方法利用AS4A分析柱，AG4A保护柱，TAC－2样品富集柱和ATC－1阴离子捕集柱，以梯度淋洗方式，在14min内可分离检测出甲酸，乙酸，丙酮酸，甲烷磺酸，草酸等有机酸根离子及氟，氯，亚硝酸，硝酸，溴，磷酸和硫酸等常见无机阴离子，上述有机，无机离子的测试分析相对标准误差分别为：氟（2．0％），乙酸（4．5％），甲酸（2．0％），甲烷磺酸（16．9％），氯（3．1％），亚硝酸（3．9％），硝酸（2．2％），溴（4．9％）和硫酸（2．4％）。 相似文献
2.
偏远地区雪冰中的化学组成在一定程度上可以反映当地的大气环境状况。为揭示青藏高原冰川表层雪中低分子有机酸的特征、探讨其可能来源及对降水酸度的贡献,进一步理解偏远地区酸沉降的形成机制,本研究基于2021年5至6月在青藏高原的五条冰川：阿尔金、扎子沟、七一、煤矿和玉珠峰采集的28个表层新雪样,分析了雪样中低分子有机酸的含量和组成特征。结果表明：研究区表层雪中的甲酸、乙酸和草酸的浓度范围分别为90.2～225.2 ng·mL-1、54.6～277.8 ng·mL-1和46.1～474.0 ng·mL-1,除煤矿冰川外,雪样中有机酸总浓度相对较高。根据亨利定律和理想气体方程对有机酸的来源进行分析,表明阿尔金、扎子沟和煤矿冰川地区表层雪中的有机酸均主要来源于大气中不饱和碳氢化物的氧化反应等间接来源,而玉珠峰和七一冰川地区表层雪中的有机酸则主要来源于植物、土壤、生物质和化石燃料燃烧以及人类活动直接排放。在本研究中,甲酸、乙酸和草酸之间高度相关(相关系数介于0.73～0.97之间),表明它们可能均来自生物质燃烧。在有机酸的降水酸度贡献分... 相似文献
3.
甲酸和乙酸稳定碳同位素组成（δ^13C）的分析对环境、食品、制药和自然产品等的研究具有重要的应用价值。但目前尚缺乏有效的测定方法。本研究利用最近出现的针式固相微萃取技术（NeedlEX）,以吹扫．捕集方式对水溶液中的有机酸进行了萃取,然后利用气相色谱．同位素比值质谱联用仪（GC—IRMS）对所萃取的有机酸分子进行了占δ^13C的测定。结果显示,质谱计的信号强度与水溶液中有机酸的浓度存在显著的线性相关关系（R^2〉0．99,P〈0．05）,表明Needl EX对水溶液中有机酸具有稳定的萃取能力。在甲酸与乙酸含量分别不低于300μg／mL与200μg／mL的水溶液中,1000mL的吹扫体积可以使两者δ^13C多次分析结果的相对误差分别保持在3％和1％左右,且整个实验流程没有造成可检测的碳同位素分馏作用。低于这两个浓度界线,则分析误差随浓度的降低迅速增加。本研究虽然是针对水溶液中有机酸δ^13C的测定,其萃取方法对其他水溶性挥发和半挥发有机物δ^13C的分析也同样具有应用价值。 相似文献
4.
石灰土盐基离子迁移对模拟酸雨的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示酸雨条件下石灰土盐基离子迁移特征及其缓冲性能,对石灰土进行了室内模拟酸雨淋溶试验,探讨酸雨酸度、土层厚度、土表覆被对石灰土酸化/石灰土抗酸性以及盐基离子迁移的影响。结果表明:（1）在pH=3.5、4.5、5.5的酸雨淋溶下,石灰土盐基离子迁移量差异不显著,对酸雨具有极强的缓冲能力。期间,Ca2+与Mg2+释放呈显著线性相关。（2）土壤厚度对石灰土抗酸性有极显著影响,土壤越厚,对酸雨的抗性越大,反之越小。（3）土厚比1∶2.5∶5的石灰土盐基离子淋失状况为K+淋失量1∶1.43∶2.06,Ca2+淋失量为1∶1.63∶3.13,Mg2+淋失量为1∶1.64∶3.15,表明土厚的增加能大大降低酸雨对盐基的淋溶。（4）石灰土土表覆盖不同,其盐基离子迁移淋溶量差异明显,但并不对土壤酸化效应产生显著影响。 相似文献
5.
以１９９０－１９９４年间珠江三角洲地区主要城市的降水常规监测数据为依据,对该地区水酸度,酸雨频率和降水中ＳＯ＾２－４和ＮＯ＾－３离子浓度比值的年度变化情况进行了研究,结果表明：珠江三角洲地区的酸 雨频率在５０％左右,降水ＰＨ值绝大多数都在５．００以下, 相似文献
6.
《地质与勘探》2012,48(2)
以智利月亮山铁氧化物铜金型矿床为例,利用磁化率K对铁磁性矿物及蚀变岩的现场识别能力和X射线荧光分析仪（PXRF）快速分析元素含量功能,结合矿床地质以闪长岩（5．5×10-3SI〈K〈17．9×10-3SI）、角砾岩（0．35×10-3SI〈K〈0．7×10-3SI）、磁铁矿（K〉753．4×10-3SI）、磁赤铁矿（313．3×10-3SI〈K〈753．4×10-3SI）、赤铁矿（0．78×10-3SI〈K〈1．62×10-3S1）、镜铁矿（0．67×10-3SI〈K〈0．78×10-3SI）等划分闪长岩亚相、角砾岩亚相、磁铁矿微相、磁赤铁矿微相、赤铁矿微相、镜铁矿微相;以PXRF现场测量铁含量〉30％,铜含量〉0．5％为含矿（化）界限,确定磁化率-铁铜含量对应关系：高磁化率-高铁含量-磁铁矿型、低磁化率-高铁含量-赤铁矿型（镜铁矿）、低磁化率-低铁含量-蚀变岩型,及岩相学找矿标志-矿物标志、构造标志、闪长岩标志、蚀变分带标志和矿物蚀变标志等,对月亮山矿区进行深部找矿预测。 相似文献
7.
重庆市主城区降雨酸度的影响因子分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
重庆市是我国酸雨较严重的地区之一，其酸沉降状况具有代表意义。本分析了重庆市2000年和200l年的降雨指标(离子组分、pH、电导率)和空气质量指标(SO2和NO2)，降雨指标采用离子色谱法和电极法，空气质量指标采用紫外脉冲荧光法和化学发光法分析。结果表明，大气颗粒物、SO2及NO2对降水的酸度有不同影响。大气颗粒物中的碱式钙盐可明显降低雨水酸度，其可能来源为建筑施工；含有SO4^2-、NO3^-和NH4^ 的酸式盐可有效增加雨水酸度。大气中的SO2对降雨酸度增高贡献较大，而NO2贡献不明显。较小的[NO3^-]/[SO4^2-]值(0．125)显示重庆市的固定源的污染比流动污染源更强。 相似文献
8.
9.
模拟酸雨条件下石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系的碳汇效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为揭示不同酸度降雨对石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系内岩溶碳汇效应的影响,以贵阳市花溪区历史降水量为参照,选取贵阳市青岩镇纯灰岩发育土壤与贵阳市花溪水库三叠纪大冶组纯灰岩为样本进行淋溶试验。测定了6个月时长内不同酸度降水﹑不同土壤深度下模拟石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系降水淋出液的HCO3-﹑DOC含量和土壤呼吸速率,研究了模拟酸雨对石灰土-石灰岩体系碳汇的影响。结果表明:（1）在土壤深度10～50 cm匀质状态的样本中,随着土壤厚度的增加,淋出液中HCO3-含量逐渐增大﹑DOC含量逐渐减小﹑土壤呼吸速率逐渐增大,显示出土壤厚度对石灰土—碳酸盐岩体系的碳汇效应有着明显的影响;(2)在pH=3.5~6.8的范围内,降水酸度的增强可以抑制岩溶作用与有机碳的溶解,并降低岩溶碳汇效应;（3）在日降水量90～230 mm范围内,随着降水量的增大碳汇效应也会随之增强。 相似文献
10.
使用IC法首次对兰州市区降水中的有机酸(甲酸和乙酸)浓度进行了连续的测定和研究.测得该地区降水中有机酸约占阴离子的6.88%,占总离子的2.50%.其浓度范围为甲酸0.31～1.63mg/L,乙酸0.50～0.91mg/L.在加测有机酸后,降水中阴离子与阳离子间的平衡状况有所改善. 相似文献
11.
The direct precipitation of apatite in seawater is inhibited by Mg ions. The action of various factors on this precipitation is studied: addition of Ca, addition of F, reduction of pH and simultaneous effect of reduction of pH and addition either of F or of Ca. It is established that the reduction of the pH of seawater to 7 allows the precipitation of the apatite with a Ca/Mg ratio in the water of 1.2. The favourable environment for the settlement of natural apatite must then be either neutral or acid. This result is corroborated by the re-study of Gulbrandsen's equation. Such an acid environment with a high phosphorus content may be the result of oxidation of large quantities of organic matter due to previous intense biological activity. The acidity is probably brought about by bubbling of CO2. 相似文献
12.
低分子有机酸是对流层大气的重要组成成分,采用离子色谱法测定了贵阳市大气降水中的有机酸浓度.结果表明,气象因素是影响贵阳市大气降水中有机酸浓度的重要因素.其中,降雨系统对雨水中有机酸浓度的影响显著.大气有机酸主要是在降雨初期进入降水并被清除的,降雨初期对大气有机酸的清除量占总清除量的50%-70%.随着降雨的进行,雨水中的有机酸浓度逐渐降低,降雨后期略有升高,大降雨量对雨水中有机酸浓度起稀释的作用.雷雨和台风雨中有机酸浓度明显偏低,降雪中有机酸浓度也远远低于雨水中有机酸浓度,暗示贵阳市雨水中有机酸主要是在云下过程进入降水的.天气因素是通过影响大气中有机酸浓度进而影响雨水中有机酸浓度的,如气温对雨水中有机酸浓度的影响远没有降雨量明显.不同来源气团雨水中有机酸浓度明显不同,其中以北面方向气团降水中有机酸浓度最高,与我国内陆大气污染较重有关,而源于海洋方向的东南气团雨水中有机酸浓度最低. 相似文献
13.
固体酸是７０年代末发展起来的一类新型的催化材料,对有机反应具有较强的催化活性,且副反应少,产物易分离,污染少［１］。粘土固体酸是以蒙脱石类粘土为基质材料,通过采用不同的物理或化学方法在不同的条件下调控层间域而制备的,其催化活性和选择性与其表面酸的类型、浓度及强度等有关［２］,为此我们采用离子交换法,以不同类型的阳离子为取代剂,在不同条件下取代交换进入蒙脱石层间,研究制备方法及条件对表面酸性的影响,并考察了催化性能。１ 实验部分１－１ 原料与试剂钠基膨润土（浙江临安产,主要成分为蒙脱石,用沉降法提… 相似文献
14.
Acid precipitation leaves fingerprints upon marble surfaces. Preserved in weathering crusts on dated monuments, these fingerprints serve as guides to identify levels of acidity of a region. We collected scrapings from protected surfaces of tombstones made of Georgia marble whose dates of installation could be determined with reasonable certainty. These scrapings were allowed to equilibrate in 100 ml of deionized water, and the solutions were analyzed for, among other species, sulfates and nitrates. In Louisville, it was found that sulfate is present on tombstones that had been installed as late as 1985. However, to the east, 25 miles away, 1967 is the date of the latest monument with sulfate. An acidity map was produced showing time contours, in other words, the time needed to produce discernible quantities of sulfate. This map reveals that the effect of SO2 on marble diminishes rapidly with increased distance away from the western Louisville industrial area. The use of marble monuments to monitor changes in the acid deposition patterns is suggested. 相似文献
15.
South China is one of the regions severely suffering from acid rain in the world.However,few systematic studies of rural precipitation chemistry have been performed in comparison with the extensive studies on their urban counterparts of this region.In order to characterize the current acid rain status and identify its possible sources in the rural area of South China,we analyzed precipitation collected event by event from a rural forested watershed in southern Anhui Province between March 2007 and February 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of major ions within precipitation in the studied rural area were significantly lower than those reported for the urban areas of the same latitude in China.Nevertheless,the precipitation acidity(with an average pH value of 4.49) and the frequency of acid rain(95%) were considerably high.The relatively high ratio of(SO42+ NO 3)/(Ca2+ +NH4+) was the main cause of acid rain in this rural area,as SO 2 and NO x were the main precursors of acid rain,while Ca2+ and NH4+acted as the dominant neutralizers to the acidity.Source identification indicated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly were derived from alkaline dust,SO42,NO 3 and NH4+originated mainly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial and agricultural activities,most Na +,Cl,K + and some of Mg2+ were derived from the sea.The results suggested that the major ions within precipitation in the rural area of South China were related to the meso-scale and long-range transport of particles and aerosols in the air. 相似文献
16.
The assessment of the aluminosilicate buffering potential during acid weathering of the Estonian alum shale is provided.
It is found that the stoichiometric interaction between dissolved pyrite oxidation products and illite of the shale best describe
the buffering process and are consistent with earlier field studies. The scheme includes incongruent dissolution of illite
with smectite and K-jarosite precipitating. This complex mechanism involves buffering of 8% of the acidity by K+ and temporary precipitation of 25% of the acidity as K-jarosite. Dissolution proceeds at a low pH (1.5–3) until all pyrite
in the shale particle is oxidised. Hence, if the total amount of illite present is larger than needed for stoichiometric interactions,
only part of it is involved in a buffering process, neutralising a certain percentage of acidity. The next stage in shale
weathering is the incongruent dissolution of K-jarosite with the release of the precipitated acidity and the formation of
ferric oxyhydroxide.
Received: 3 August 1998 · Revised paper: 26 January 1999 · Accepted: 23 February 1999 相似文献
17.
The sedimentary humic acid or its acid-hydrolysate, consisting of various amino acids, was found effective in dissolving unusually large quantities of metals (up to 682 mg/g of organic matter) from their insoluble salts. The presence of humic acid in the reaction media which had favorable conditions for the precipitation of metals as carbonates, hydroxides or sulfides, prevented the formation of insoluble metal salts. Infrared analysis suggests that the metals added to various anionic systems and humic acid do not react with the anion. The most likely mechanism of reaction appears to be a complex formation between metals and organic matter which keeps the metal in solution.The enhanced solubility and consequent decrease in precipitation of metals under the influence of humic compounds, as evidenced in these studies should play a leading role in the accumulation of metals in sedimentary deposits. 相似文献