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1.
上海市地处长江三角洲前缘,黄浦江和苏州河交汇区域,特殊的地理环境与沉积环境导致浅部砂层广泛发育。随着城市建设的不断推进,上海城市区域范围的砂土地震液化风险评价成为亟待研究的课题。文章基于上海市工程钻孔数据,结合地震地面运动加速度分布与标准贯入试验,建立区域性地震液化危险性评价模型,对上海市进行了地震液化危险性评价。研究认为当发生50年超越概率10%的地震条件下,上海市陆域面积的66.0%将不会产生地震砂土液化灾害,21.8%的陆域面积仅发生轻微液化,只有崇明、横沙、长兴三岛,黄浦江及苏州河两岸地震液化等级达到中等甚至严重,占全市陆域面积12.3%;50年超越概率2%的地震条件下,随着峰值地面运动加速度整体升高,全市范围内轻微—严重液化区域明显增多,可能发生地震液化的总面积达到全市陆域面积46.25%。上海市存在砂土地震液化的危险性,但是发生概率较低。研究认为,目前的抗震设计规范中上海市的设防烈度偏高,可能导致不必要的建设成本。同时研究中的不同超越概率下的地震液化危险性评价结果为上海市工程建设相关标准的合理化改进的提供了建议和参考。 相似文献
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历史地震液化调查数据是液化判别方法构建、改进以及验证的重要基础,也是检验现有液化认识和理论的主要标准。通过吸收我国集集、巴楚和松原等地震液化数据,将基于标准贯入试验（standard penetration test,简称SPT）锤击数的液化数据量库从121个增至465个。采用该液化数据库,对比研究了我国建筑抗震设计规范液化判别方法（简称建规法）、2个双曲线模型以及循环剪应力比CSR简化方法等4种基于SPT液化判别方法的可靠性。结果显示：2个双曲线模型能够很好地判别液化和非液化数据,成功率超过85%,对液化数据和非液化数据的判别成功率保持均衡;建规法以及CSR简化方法判别结果存在不足;地震烈度为7度区液化数据和非液化数据混合情况较多,不同液化判别公式判别效果均不够理想,而对8度区和9度区液化数据,4种方法判别成功率较高;与以往液化概率判别公式对比,基于CSR计算方法,采用新液化数据给出的液化风险评估概率判别公式虽然采用数据量不同,但公式预测临界线匹配良好;建规法存在明显不足,对饱和砂层埋深大于10 m的深层土液化判别结果过于保守。研究成果可为改进我国规范中液化判别方法提供参考。 相似文献
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砂土液化判别方法可靠性评价 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
在进行液化评价简化法与规范液化判别方法对比基础上，利用液化概率的对数回归方程，讨论了规范液化判别方法的可靠性。研究结果表明，我国规范液化判别方法其液化概率变动较大，对于烈度 Ⅶ 度，规范法的液化概率在0.17～0.42间，小于简化法概率0.36～0.43，偏保守。对于烈度 Ⅷ 度和 Ⅸ 度近地表场地，规范法的液化概率高达0.65～0.70，远远高于简化法的液化概率，安全裕度不够。对于含粘粒土质液化评价，规范方法的液化概率总体上都较简化法高，特别是烈度Ⅷ度高粘粒含量其液化概率为0.9。 相似文献
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液化临界值与砂层深度的关系是液化判别方法的基本表征,但对比分析表明,现有液化判别方法的临界曲线有不同的表现模式,甚至定性相反。以Seed-Idriss模型为基础,推导出了砂层埋深对液化势影响的理论解答,提出了砂层埋深与液化临界值的普遍关系,得到了液化判别临界曲线的变化模式和一般规律。结果表明：一般而言,随砂层深度增加,水平地震剪应力和土体抗液化强度同时增大,但前者增大速率大于后者,液化势及液化临界值与砂层深度呈正相关关系;液化临界值与砂层深度呈非线性递增关系,浅埋处饱和砂层液化势递增较为剧烈,深埋处趋于平缓;我国规范CPT液化判别公式的液化临界值与砂层深度呈递减关系,存在定性错误,需要纠正;现有一些液化判别公式中,液化临界值与砂层深度呈线性递增关系,定性正确但模型需要改进。所得结果可为液化判别方法正确发展提供理论基础和借鉴。 相似文献
5.
基于Logistic回归模型的砂土液化概率评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以国内外23次地震中200组场地液化实测数据为基础,通过Logistic回归分析,建立关联修正标准贯入击数N160cs与循环应力比CSR的液化概率模型。以50 %液化概率水平为液化与非液化的临界点,建立了指数形式的抗液化应力比CRR计算式,新建概率模型预测饱和砂土液化与非液化的成功率分别为85.71 %和76.14 %,具有较高的可靠性。与已有模型比较,使用了新的数据和修正系数,消除了一些不合理的偏差,总体判别结果偏于安全。为了将确定性分析方法与概率分析方法联系起来,建立了抗液化安全系数FS与液化概率PL的关系式。算例结果表明,新建概率模型简单、实用、可靠。 相似文献
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2008年5·12特大地震中,位于甘肃省清水县郭川乡的田川村发生了饱和黄土的液化滑移灾害。本文首先在对田川场地进行考察的基础上,综合田川在汶川地震中的震害情况以及滑移区的地形条件,将该地区在汶川地震中的烈度进行了修正。其次对田川黄土进行了物性指标测试以及室内动三轴液化试验,根据试验结果,综合考虑产生液化所需的场地及土性条件、黄土的动强度和液化特性,对田川黄土液化灾害进行了分析,并采用反应分析的方法对其进行了液化判定。研究结果证明了田川黄土液化的事实存在性,为低烈度区黄土液化提供了新的震害依据。
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常德张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合常德张家界高速公路某大桥桥基工程,在DSD160型电磁式振动三轴试验仪上,通过往返加荷三轴试验,对饱和砂土进行了液化试验研究,探讨了基于动三轴液化试验结果判断饱和砂土液化的方法。并尝试了这种室内研究反应分析的液化可能性估计方法与地震剪应力时程相结合的综合判断方法。在该高速公路大桥桥基的饱和砂土液化评价中,采用这种综合判断方法,对大桥桥基砂土液化进行了判断。在判断场地是否液化后,对其液化危害程度进行了等级划分,给出了该工程场地在未来遭受到不同超越概率下的地震作用时发生液化的危害程度,得到了一些有工程实用意义的结果。 相似文献
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对于饱和砂土液化判别,目前规范要求以标准贯入试验为主,以静力触探为辅,有经验地区可采用剪切波速测试,但就目前的每种判别方法都有一定的局限性。在实际工作中采用综合评价的方法,就能减少单一评价方法的局限性。综合应用标准贯入试验法、静力触探试验法和剪切波速测试法,并对各种判别方法的判别结果进一步分析,便可综合评价场地饱和砂土的液化趋势。实例表明,综合应用各种液化判别方法进行综合评价,提高了评价结果的准确性。 相似文献
11.
为了在国内岩土设计中很好利用英国标准（BS）标贯设备的试验结果,对英国标准和中国标准（GB）标贯设备及试验结果进行分析,研究相关性。BS和GB标贯设备主要的区别是前者的锤垫质量大于后者,造成试验时两者锤击能量有差别,因此,获得的标贯击数不同。通过采用标贯能量分析仪,测量配置不同直径钻杆的BS和GB设备试验时的实际锤击能量,计算两者不同的实际锤击能量与理论锤击能量的能量比,利用能量比的差别分析BS与GB标贯击数的相关性,建立相关公式。分析显示,试验时BS标贯设备比GB标贯设备的锤击传递能量要小,标贯击数要大;钻杆直径为50 mm比直径为42 mm传递的锤击能量略高,标贯击数略低。通过研究,最终建立了BS与GB标贯设备试验结果的相关关系,英标标贯设备获得的数据从而能更好运用于中国标准中,并提供符合中国利用标贯评价的岩土设计参数。 相似文献
12.
王磊 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(2):85-87
铁路工程地质勘察钻探量巨大,钻探管理存在漏洞,导致许多假标贯击数,影响地质人员对地层的判断,造成不良后果。为提高工程地质勘察质量,以长益常城际铁路勘察为工程背景,用PDCA模式管理方法,对标准贯入试验进行过程控制。依据相关规范,比较标贯击数与土样液性指数所对应的塑性状态,真实度约为79.5%,该方法可供同类工程参考。 相似文献
13.
Mahesh Pal 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(10):983-996
This paper investigates the potential of support vector machines (SVM)‐based classification approach to assess the liquefaction potential from actual standard penetration test (SPT) and cone penetration test (CPT) field data. SVMs are based on statistical learning theory and found to work well in comparison to neural networks in several other applications. Both CPT and SPT field data sets is used with SVMs for predicting the occurrence and non‐occurrence of liquefaction based on different input parameter combination. With SPT and CPT test data sets, highest accuracy of 96 and 97%, respectively, was achieved with SVMs. This suggests that SVMs can effectively be used to model the complex relationship between different soil parameter and the liquefaction potential. Several other combinations of input variable were used to assess the influence of different input parameters on liquefaction potential. Proposed approach suggest that neither normalized cone resistance value with CPT data nor the calculation of standardized SPT value is required with SPT data. Further, SVMs required few user‐defined parameters and provide better performance in comparison to neural network approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Rambhatla G Sastry Sumedha Chahar Manohar N Viladkar 《Journal of Earth System Science》2018,127(5):62
For conjunctive use of geoelectric imaging and geotechnical site investigations in geotechnical characterization of major civil engineering construction sites, an objective assessment of influencing factors is important. Here, we present multiple regression analyses of both geoelectric (Electrical Resistivity Tomography, ERT; Induced Polarization Imaging, IPI) and geotechnical site investigations (Standard Penetration Test, SPT) for two profiles at a construction site for CGEWHO Complex in Greater Noida region, Delhi to assess the role of influencing formation factors like sand, fines and water content. Achieved results show that SPT ‘N’ and IPI are well predicted by a linear multiple regression. On an average, the nonlinear regression has improved predicted SPT ‘N’, resistivity and chargeability by 28.55%, 22.45% and 9.58%, respectively. The influence of sand and fines content is more than that of water content in the prediction of chargeability and SPT ‘N’. RMS error is less in prediction of IPI chargeability (average error of 1.96%) in comparison to SPT ‘N’ value (average error of 11.35%). As factors affecting chargeability (IPI) and SPT ‘N’ are similar, non-invasive IPI can be used along with few geotechnical site investigations for detailed geotechnical site investigations. 相似文献
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The effect of granular pile installation on the modifications induced in loose to medium dense granular deposits is studied.
SPT is the most often used to evaluate the in situ soil properties. Expressions for modified SPT N1 values for different soils, i.e., for different initial SPT N1 values, were determined as functions of replacement ratio from the available field data. Improvements in the ground are presented
in the form of modified or improved SPT N1 values versus replacement ratio charts, which can then be used to design the required degree of treatment for the expected
improvement or to estimate the improved values of treated ground for different initial states of sands. 相似文献
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Determination of undrained strength of fine-grained soils by means of SPT and its application in Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is one of the oldest and the most common in situ test used in soil explorations. In the recent years with the advent of new technology and techniques in determining the drawbacks in SPT, several researchers have attempted to correlate corrected field measured values with several soil properties. In this context, corrections applied to field values have become critical. In this study a questionnaire including the performance of the standard penetration test and equipment used in practice in Turkey is circulated in order to determine the relevant correction factors. Thus the appropriate corrections are used in acquiring corrected SPT-N values. The relationships between SPT-N and the undrained shear strength (Su) are examined from the statistical point of view by taking the test types and SPT corrections into consideration, and comparison is made with previous studies. It is observed that SPT corrections play an important role on the obtained correlation equations. In addition, the importance of the effects of test types on the correlations is also emphasized. The Standard Penetration Test is found to be sufficient for reliable assessment of Su. 相似文献
19.
Four sinkholes with varying surficial expressions were subjected to detailed stratigraphic and soil analysis by means of Standard
Penetration Tests (SPT) and Electric Friction Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) in order to evaluate applications of CPT to sinkhole
investigations. Although widely used, SPT data are of limited value and difficult to apply to sinkhole mapping. CPT is sensitive
to minor lithologic variability and is superior to SPT as a cost-effective technique for determining geotechnical properties
of sinkholes.
The effectiveness of CPT data results from the force measurements made along the sleeve of the cone. The friction ratio (ratio
of sleeve to tip resistance) is a good indicator of soil stratigraphy and properties. By smoothing the friction-ratio data,
general stratigraphy and changes in soil properties are easily identified.
Stratigraphy of the sinks has been complicated by intense weathering, karstification and marine, transgressions. The resulting
deposits include five stratigraphic units. I and II represent Plio-Pleistocene marine sediments with Unit II being the zone
of soil clay accumulation. III and IV are horizons residual from Miocene strata and indicate an episode of karstification
prior to deposition of Units I and II.
Conduit fill is a mixture of materials with low cohesion. The fill materials indicate centripetal and downward movement of
insoluble sediments derived from the surrounding strata. Loss of cohesion results in near-zero friction ratios. Very low friction
ratios, coupled with materials with little cohesion, indicate potentially-liquefiable soils in the immediate vicinity of zones
where piping failure may be imminent. SPT does not provide sufficient data to predict these zones of potential, failure.
CPT provides sufficient information for recognition of sinkhole stratigraphy and geotechnical properties. When coupled with
laboratory soil analysis, CPT provides unique information about sinkhole geometry and dynamics. In contrast, SPT data fail
to produce consistent indicators of sinkhole stratigraphy or properties. With laboratory soil data, SPT indicates general,
inconclusive trends. 相似文献
20.
A. Kayabasi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(8):2171-2183
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is one of the most frequently applied tests during the geotechnical investigation of soils. Due to its usefulness, the development of empirical equations to predict mechanical and compressibility of soil parameters from the SPT blow count has been an attractive subject for geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists. The purpose of this study is to perform regression analyses between the SPT blow counts and the pressuremeter test parameters obtained from a geotechnical investigation performed in a Mersin (Turkey) city sewerage project. In accordance with this purpose, new empirical equations between pressuremeter modulus (E M) and corrected SPT blow counts (N 60) and between limit pressure (P L) and corrected SPT blow counts (N 60) are developed in the study. When developing the empirical equations, in addition to the SPT blow counts, the role of moisture content and the plasticity index of soils on the pressuremeter parameters are also assessed. A series of simple and nonlinear multiple regression analyses are performed. As a result of the analyses, several empirical equations are developed. It is shown that the empirical equations between N 60 and E M, and N 60 and P L developed in this study are statistically acceptable. An assessment of the prediction performances of some existing empirical equations, depending on the new data, is also performed in the study. However, the prediction equations proposed in this study and the previous studies are developed using a limited number of data. For this reason, a cross-check should be applied before using these empirical equations for design purposes. 相似文献