共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》2017,(0)
岩体破裂产生的应力波触发微震事件,传统的互相关匹配难以识别微震事件深浅类型。本文利用谱矩心和线性度提取地震波的特征信息,并通过多层感知器网络进行分类识别,将微震事件分为浅源和深源。实验结果表明该方法的识别准确率为86.14%,谱矩心对微震事件分类精度高于线性度,且精度均高于传统的互相关方法。该方法不仅可以识别地震波形,也可为岩爆、滑坡等动力灾害监测提供预警信息。 相似文献
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贵州赤水南部地区丹霞地貌类型特征及成因演化分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
贵州赤水南部地区广泛分布着白垩系嘉定群巨厚红层,受构造活动、流水侵蚀、风化剥蚀和重力崩塌等内外力地质作用影响,形成了类型丰富的丹霞地貌景观。本文将丹霞地貌的类型特征与成因演化相结合,按主导动力对丹霞地貌进行分类,包括丹霞构造地貌、丹霞水蚀地貌、丹霞风化地貌和丹霞重力地貌等类型,并对典型的代表景观特征进行描述。重点分析了赤水南部地区丹霞地貌的成因演化过程,从地质学的角度揭示出丹霞地貌景观的成因演化机理,起到普及地球科学知识,开展地学研究的作用。 相似文献
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为研究流域地貌形态特征的量化指标,提出基于高程分布概率的多重分形计算模型,结合大理河岔巴沟流域和大堡岔流域DEM数据进行多重分形计算,对流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱的表征意义进行了探讨。结果表明:流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱可以更加敏感、更加全面地对流域地貌形态的总体特征进行描述;多重分形谱的顶点对应简单分形的容量维,多重分形谱的宽度可以定量表征流域表面的起伏程度,多重分形谱的端点维数的差别可以间接地反映流域峰谷数目的比例;流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱能够分层次地刻画流域内部的精细结构,从而更加突出地表现异常局部地貌变化特征;流域地貌形态特征多重分形谱的无标度区间的合理范围,应该确定为DEM像元尺度到流域最大高程值的1.5倍左右最为合适。 相似文献
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传统高位远程滑坡识别依赖地质专家人工判别,识别效率较低。研究实现一种基于深度学习的滑坡地形自动识别模型,以提高大范围区域潜在滑坡隐患点筛查工作的效率。该模型以目标区域的遥感图像、DEM数据、地质分区、河流水系等地质观测数据为输入,针对不同类型观测数据差异巨大的问题,设计构建特征分支网络,精确提取对应的滑坡特征。对光学影像数据采用深层网络架构提取复杂特征,对海拔、地质构成、河流和断裂带分布等结构化数据采用浅层网络架构提取特征。随后设计特征融合模块,融合两个网络的提取结果获得全面的滑坡灾害特征。模型基于提取的滑坡特征进行滑坡区域语义分割,实现精准的像素级别滑坡地形分类和定位。通过实验验证,该模型对滑坡区域的识别准确率（ACC）达到了0.85,可为滑坡自动识别提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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地貌形态特征分类对生态环境、水文研究及地质构造分析等地学研究具有重要意义,已成为现代地貌学的一个研究热点。利用高分辨率DEM数据,以平均坡度、截面曲率、最大曲率和最小曲率等地貌形态因子为参数,构建地貌形态分类模型;基于自组织映射神经网络提出数字地貌形态分类数学优化方法,对长春地区进行地貌分类。该方法实现自动聚类分析,获得了10种地貌类型阈值,达到地貌形态特征分类要求。这种方法突破了形态参数分类方法6种地貌类型的限制,分类种类达到10种;通过SOM聚类分析,自动获取阈值,从而减少了人为主观因素的干扰。地貌形态分类取得较好效果。 相似文献
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因子分析在水系沉积物测量地球化学分区中的应用探讨——以青海都兰地区为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用R型因子分析方法,对工作区水系沉积物测量所取得的数据进行了处理,提取具有代表性的6个因子,并制作了因子计量图,用以描述工作区中主要的元素组合类型,为地球化学综合异常类型的划分与圈定,提供了较好的依据。 相似文献
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热液矿床常伴随一定的矿化蚀变类型,根据一定的矿化蚀变类型可以预测潜在的成矿有利区。甘肃柳园地区地处黑山—咸泉子深大断裂,热液型矿点多、蚀变丰富,且基岩出露好,可以作为提取遥感蚀变信息的良好示范区。使用ASTER遥感数据,利用主成分分析(principle component analysis,PCA)方法进行的铁染、羟基蚀变异常和碳酸盐化识别及基于SiO2定量反演的硅化蚀变异常提取结果,与实际情况吻合度达88.9%。通过对区内已知矿床成矿作用、区域构造、蚀变信息和岩石分布特征的研究与分析,成功圈定2处成矿有利区,为该地区找矿勘查提供了依据。研究实例验证了基于ASTER数据的PCA蚀变信息提取和SiO2定量反演的硅化蚀变异常提取方法的可靠性。该方法可推广至同等类型区域的遥感蚀变信息提取。 相似文献
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断陷湖盆深水重力流水道的识别标志及沉积模式——以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡沙一段为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以歧口凹陷歧南斜坡沙一段的深水厚层砂岩为研究对象,运用地震沉积学基本理论和方法,通过古地貌分析约束物源方向,结合岩心观测描述确定沉积相类型,应用地层切片、反演与三维可视化技术确定空间形态。结果表明:该区广泛发育的深水厚层砂岩为重力流水道沉积,包括滑塌岩、砂质碎屑流砂体与浊积岩3种类型重力流沉积的组合;顺北东向展布的断槽内呈大型条带状展布,可划分为水道中心微相、水道边缘微相和水下漫溢微相;岩心中可识别出7种岩相类型。在沉积特征分析的基础上,建立了发育于斜坡且由顺源断层控制的重力流沉积模式,分析了歧南斜坡重力流水道的成因及其油气成藏特征。研究认为重力流水道是该区一类重要的储集体,具有良好的成藏条件,该成果扩大了歧口凹陷油气勘探领域。 相似文献
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作为我国地质调查领域最重要的数据源之一,地质调查报告中蕴含着丰富的地学知识及地质体描述等关键信息,准确高质量地抽取地质命名实体为地学知识图谱构建、知识推理及知识演化提供基础。本文在阐述地质命名实体识别任务基础上,分析地质实体不仅包含大量专业术语,还存在实体嵌套、大量长实体等领域特性,进一步增加了地质命名实体识别难度。笔者等提出一种基于轻量级预训练模型（ALBERT）—双向长短时记忆网络（BiLSTM）—条件随机场（CRF）模型的地质命名实体识别方法。首先利用ALBERT对输入字符上下文特征进行建模,并采用BiLSTM对其进行进一步上下文特征表征,最后采用CRF实现标注序列预测。实验结果表明,在构建的地质命名实体识别数据集上,相比于主流的命名实体识别模型算法,本文所提出的方法具有更好的抽取性能,提出的命名实体识别模型能为领域实体识别提供借鉴,同时为地学领域实体关系抽取和地学知识图谱构建提供有力方法支撑。 相似文献
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Objectives: This article presents a new computational procedure to discover scratches buried in the earth's crust. We also validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method with regional gravity data located in a well-known Dabie orogenic zone for test. Methods: Based on the scratch analysis method evolved with mathematical morphology of surfaces, we present a procedure that extracts information of the crustal scratches from regional gravity data. Because the crustal scratches are positively and highly correlated to crustal deformation bands, it can be used for delineation of the crustal deformation belts. The scratches can be quantitatively characterized by calculation of the ridge coefficient function, whose high value traces delineate the deformation bands hidden in the regional gravity field. In addition, because the degree of crustal deformation is an important indicator of tectonic unit divisions, so the crust can be further divided according to the degree of crustal deformation into some tectonic units by using the ridge coefficient data, providing an objective base map for earth scientists to build tectonic models with quantitative evidence. Results: After the ridge coefficients are calculated, we can further enhance the boundary of high ridge-coefficient blocks, resulting in the so-called ridge-edge coefficient function. The high-value ridge-edge coefficients are well correlated with the edge faults of tectonic units underlay, providing accurate positioning of the base map for compilation of regional tectonic maps. In order to validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method, we select the Dabie orogenic zone as a pilot area for test, where rock outcrops are well exposed on the surface and detailed geological and geophysical surveys have been carried out. Tests show that the deformation bands and the tectonic units, which are conformed by tectonic scientists based on surface observations, are clearly displayed on the ridge and ridge-edge coefficient images obtained in this article. Moreover, these computer-generated images provide more accurate locations and geometric details. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that application of modern mathematical tools can promote the quantitative degree in research of modern geosciences, helping to open a door to develop a new branch of mathematical tectonics. 相似文献
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构造-地貌-气候耦合是现代地球系统科学研究的热点之一。大量地质事实表明,构造、地貌、气候与地质灾害的发生密切相关,而三者的阶段性耦合,即地文期-构造节律-气候旋回耦合,在很大程度上决定了地质灾害在时间分布上的群发和空间上的群集。从地文期-构造节律-气候旋回的关系及耦合作用的分析入手,通过地文期、构造节律、气候旋回与地质灾害的关系论述,建立了地文期、构造节律、气候旋回与地质灾害的耦合关系模式。依据现有资料,对三峡地区滑坡的群(高)发与地文期、构造、气候的耦合关系进行了初步分析,并就如何加强这方面的研究进行了讨论。 相似文献
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岩石中常含有裂缝、岩脉等细小而重要的微观结构,需要高分辨率的成像技术来提取其特征。在岩石图像处理中,特征提取可以提取出岩石的主要结构信息从而极大降低数据量,然而某些细线状岩石特征(如裂缝、裂隙等)往往无法被完整识别出来而存在间断现象。本文在采用蚁群算法修复岩石细线状特征的基础上,综合利用蚁群算法、DBSCAN聚类算法和Canny算子提出一种新的岩石图像修复算法。根据设定的阈值,对提取的图像间断部分进行搜索并连接,以修复在图像特征提取过程中缺失的部分重要信息,同时去除修复过程产生的多余特征。实际结果表明,利用混合算法处理的岩石特征提取图像得到了较好的修复,能够提高岩石裂隙特征提取的准确性。 相似文献
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证据权模型作为一种数据综合方法已被广泛应用于矿产资源定量预测与评价。在模糊证据权基础上,发展了基于地质单元思想的矢量证据图层构建和数据综合方法,并通过实例作具体阐述：它以矿点缓冲区图层作为训练图层,以各证据变量图层在空间上的叠置所形成的唯一地质单元作为评价对象,统一计算各个证据变量的证据权重,进而基于地质单元进行证据综合和后验概率成图。与基于栅格（或规则格网）的模型不同,基于矢量证据权模型以具有明确地质内涵的地质单元（而非规则网格单元）为预测单元,易于解释,并且消除了边界误差;相比基于规则格网划分所得到的成矿单元,以矿床（点）缓冲区作为训练对象,提高了已知矿点的代表性。实例表明：若预测单元大小为初始栅格大小整数倍,各缓冲等级平均面积计算误差为0.26%,否则面积平均误差达到6%;即使在预测单元大小为初始栅格大小整数倍情况下,矿点平均计算误差也达到4.78%。因此,基于地质单元思想的证据权预测单元划分方法在精度上优于基于栅格或规则格网方法。 相似文献
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为探究基于GNSS监测站的高速公路边坡自动化监测系统的实际作用，本文以重庆巴南至綦江高速公路YQTJ5标青年互通K69+080段为依托进行研究。首先，基于LZMR02-GNSS接收机和FS-YL雨量计自主开发北斗+安全监测云平台，能够实时管理和分析现场布置的GNSS地表位移监测站和深层位移监测孔，监测结果表明该坡体已出现局部垮塌及开裂等不稳定现象并且迅速发出预警到相关部门单位；随后，基于传递系数法计算该边坡的剩余下滑力并且采用Geo5有限元软件进行数值模拟，其结果均验证了该监测系统的准确性。因此，建立高速公路边坡自动化监测系统不仅能解决常规人工监测边坡的不足，也能保证监测数据的时效性，为未来智能化监测边坡提供了一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Kathrin Häb Nils H. Feige Lars S. Huettenberger Ariane Middel Hans Hagen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(10):3781-3793
In urban microclimate research, ground-based thermography is used to gain insight into the spatial distribution of surface temperatures of various materials. Taking snapshots over a certain time span helps experts to observe the temporal thermo-radiative behavior of the monitored surface elements and therefore supports decisions on possible optimizations, e.g., improving the thermal comfort in a neighborhood. Appropriate visualization techniques facilitate decision-making and are thus crucial in the optimization process. In this study, we present a tool that eases the extraction of thermo-radiative features from multi-temporal thermographs taken from a monitored scene. Assisted by our tool, users can identify, choose, and register thermo-radiative features for each time step according to their individual research needs. The features’ temporal development is then visualized using a directed graph that encodes topological events as well as each feature’s size and summarizing statistics. To enhance this summary, a comprehensive animated sequence emphasizes the spatiotemporal behavior of the most significant thermo-radiative features. Salient developments are visually embedded and highlighted in the original infrared images, which are blended in an animation from time step to time step. Since we enable the user to interact with the data in a flexible way, noisy and low resolution image data sets can also be processed. 相似文献
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地面测年技术——宇生同位素测年 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
宇生同位素测年法是一种用于地面测年的技术,它能够测出103～106a之间的地貌面的裸露年代。常用的宇生同位素有3He、10Be、21Ne、26A1、36Cl。地面宇生同位素的浓度与时间和地面侵蚀速率之间存在着函数关系。该测年法在地貌学年代测量中具有很大的潜力。 相似文献
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AbstractMineral dust emissions from arid regions are influenced by the surface features encountered in the source regions. These surface features control both the erosion threshold and the intensity of the dust flux. Recently, a soil-derived dust emission scheme has been designed in order to provide an explicit representation of the mineral dust accounting for the influence of the surface features on the dust emissions. This physical scheme has been validated with micro-scale field measurements. Its large scale application has required the development of additional relations to estimate the input parameters from more accessible data: the mean height and the covering rate of the roughness elements and the min-eralogical soil type. The determination of these surface data has been based on a geomorphologic approach which describes the surface features of arid areas in a 1 × l° grid. Inside each square degree, up to five different areas characterised by different surface features have been distinguished. However, these areas have not been located inside the square degree. Each area can be constituted by several combined surface features, including roughness, vegetation, granulometry. Five main types of landscapes and eight main types of surface features have been distinguished. This approach is based on the combination of various data, mainly topographical, geological maps and climatological analysis. In addition to the problem of scale transfer, the main constraints to obtain a quantitative assessment are the confidence level of the existing data and the number of parameters to document. On the opposite, with this method, the fine scale required by the dust modelling can be separated from the scale accessible by the mapping approach, of the order of the square degree. This method can also be easily improved by aggregating new data and can be extended to other deserts. An example of application is given for the north-west of the Algerian Sahara where the method has been elaborated. The data provided by the modelling of the surface have been used to simulate dust emissions for 1990, 1991 and 1992 over the central and western Sahara. Over these three years, the mean annual dust emission is about 760 Mt-year?1 Although a significant interannual variability exists (mainly due to changes in the wind pattern), the most intensive emissions remain quite constant in terms of location. The percentage of agreement with satellite observations higher than 0.7 is 74 %, but only 32 % when using a model having a single threshold function for dust emission (i.e. the same surface feature for the whole Sahara) (cf. later Marticorena et al., 1997). © 2000 Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 相似文献
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A major challenge in seepage analysis is to locate the phreatic surface in an unconfined aquifer. The phreatic surface is unknown and assumed as a discontinuity separating the seepage domain into dry and wet parts, thus should be determined iteratively with special schemes. In this study, we systematically developed a new numerical manifold method (NMM) model for unconfined seepage analysis. The NMM is a general numerical method for modeling continuous and discontinuous deformation in a unified mathematical form. The novelty of our NMM model is rooted in the NMM two‐cover‐mesh system: the mathematical covers are fixed and the physical covers are adjusted with iterations to account for the discontinuity feature of the phreatic surface. We developed an energy‐work seepage model, which accommodates flexible approaches for boundary conditions and provides a form consistent with that in mechanical analysis with clarified physical meaning of the potential energy. In the framework of this energy‐work seepage model, we proposed a physical concept model (a pipe model) for constructing the penalty function used in the penalty method to uniformly deal with Dirichlet, Neumann, and material boundaries. The new NMM model was applied to study four example problems of unconfined seepage with varying geometric shape, boundary conditions, and material domains. The comparison of our simulation results to those of existing numerical models for these examples indicates that our NMM model can achieve a high accuracy and faster convergence speed with relatively coarse meshes. This NMM seepage model will be a key component of our future coupled hydro‐mechanical NMM model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献