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本文建立了在稳定氡源的情况下，氡室中氡量变化规律的数学模型，并导出了氡室中氡量控制参数的三个计算公式。该数学模型为氡室的研制和氡量控制提供了理论依据。对环境的辐射监测与评价也有指导意义。 相似文献
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本文从战略角度出发考虑了社会生活用房中氡的测量和减少氡对人体作用的问题；讨论了住宅中氡的测量，氡的来源，以及氡浓度变化的原因和若干防氡措施等。 相似文献
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本文建立了在稳定氡源的情况下，氡室中氡量变化规律的数学模型，并导出了氡室中氡量控制参数的三个计算公式．该数学模型为氡室的研制和氡量控制提供了理论依据，对环境的辐射监测与评价也有指导意义． 相似文献
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加拿大卫生福利部希望对全加拿大本国人住宅中的氡的潜在危害进行评价。根据航空伽玛测量数据。地质和地球化学，选择了４１个潜在氡高的居民区的１６个潜在氡低的居民区进行取样，在潜在氡低的居民区中没有一个住宅氡的水平超过４００Ｂｑ／ｍ＾３，而在潜在氡高的居民区中很多住宅超过加拿大的标准８００Ｂｑ／ｍ＾３。根据这一研究结果，加拿大卫生和福利部开始了一项追踪计划，测量住宅中氡浓度可能超过加拿大标准８００Ｂｑ／ｍ 相似文献
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在居民所受到的天然辐射作用的总剂量中，氡及其子体的吸入占有主要部分。在进行综合生态测量时，在俄罗斯的不同地区进行了氡及其子体的测量；这些地区是：圣彼得堡地区、俄中部地区和阿尔泰地区。使用了以径迹蚀刻和活性炭探测器为基础的剂量计，对环境氡浓度进行了测量；这是两种适用的低成本方法。以０．５的平衡系数和推荐的０．０６１ｍＳｖ／（Ｂｑ／ｍ＾３）有效测量当量系数计算了氡子体活度和有效剂量当量。在２１个村镇对 相似文献
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洞穴氡来源、分布、测定及旅游评价 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
洞穴氡来源于岩石中含铀以及洞穴壁裂隙中渗析出来氢的累积和地下水溶解氡的释放。洞穴氡值与地区、洞穴围岩,以及距洞口深度有关,与洞内的地质条件有关。在洞穴氡值的测定中,目前国际上最新采用的是SSN TD方法。本文不仅介绍了该方法的基本原理,还应用它对我国部分洞穴的氡值进行了测定。 相似文献
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喀斯特洞穴氡研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
氡对人体健康的影响向来是医学、化学、核物理学等学科的研究热点。近年来学术界虽然对喀斯特洞穴氡的来源(岩石、地下水)、氡浓度的影响因素(地质因素、洞体结构、洞内外气象参数)、氡浓度的测量(测量对象、测量仪器及方法)、氡的危害、氡的防治(隔离氡气渗入途径、排风通氡、控制洞穴内停留时间减少吸入量、加强监测)等方面开展了研究并取得了不少的成果,但对于喀斯特洞穴氡的形成机理、喀斯特洞穴氡测量标准的制定及有效剂量的估算、喀斯特洞穴氡的防治技术及员工的健康管理等方面的研究还比较薄弱,有待加强。 相似文献
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为了解不同地质背景条件室内氡浓度水平,采用脉冲电离室测氡仪AlphaGUARD测量了北京广东不同地质背景典型测点的室内氡浓度,同时对广东某一测点进行了长期的室内氡监测。测量和研究结果表明：地表岩性是影响室内氡浓度高低的重要因素之一。地处花岗岩地区的建筑物内氡浓度高于其他岩性地区的室内氡浓度,广东室内氡水平明显高于北京地区,广东北京花岗岩地区的平均室内氡浓度分别为69.98 Bq/m^3和43.97 Bq/m^3,第四系覆盖地区的平均室内氡浓度分别为43.60 Bq/m^3和35.74 Bq/m^3。民用住宅卧室内的室内氡浓度略高于公共建筑物办公室内的室内氡浓度。因此,结合地质背景研究室内氡的水平与分布对指导开展室内氡调查中确定抽样方案、选择测点及进行区域尺度室内氡评价有重要的实用价值。 相似文献
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D. K. Talbot J. D. Appleton T. K. Ball M. H. Strutt 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,65(1):79-90
Soil-gas radon measurements provide a valuable tool in assessing probable indoor radon levels on a regional basis. However, in Great Britain, seasonal weather changes can cause large changes in soil-gas radon concentration. Although this does not significantly constrain systematic radon potential mapping programmes, it does cause difficulties in responding to ad-hoc requests for site-specific radon investigations. The relationship between soil-gas radon and gamma spectrometry measurements made in the field with radon released from a representative sample of soil in the laboratory has been investigated as part of a program to develop a method of radon potential mapping and site investigation which can be used at any time of the year. Multiple soil and soil-gas samples were collected from sites underlain by bedrocks with widely varying radon potentials. For each geological unit, sites both free of and covered by glacial drift deposits were sampled. Soil and soil-gas samples were taken at the same depth of 60–100 cm. The effectiveness of these radon site investigation procedures has been evaluated by studying the relationship between the soil-gas radon, gamma spectrometry and radon emanation data with an independent estimate of the radon risk. The geologic radon potential (GEORP), which is the proportion of existing dwellings which exceed the UK radon Action Level (200 Bq m−3) for a particular combination of solid and drift geology within a defined geographic area, has been used for this study as the independent estimate of radon risk. Soil-gas radon, radon emanation and eU (equivalent uranium by field γ spectrometry) are all good geochemical indicators of radon risk (GEORP) in Derbyshire but only soil-gas radon correlates significantly with GEORP in Northamptonshire. Radon in soil gas discriminates more effectively between sites with different radon potential in Northamptonshire if soil permeability is also taken into account. In general, measurement of soil-gas radon in the field provides the most universally applicable indicator of radon potential. If soil-gas radon concentrations cannot be determined because of climatic factors, for example when the soil profile is waterlogged, measurement of radon emanation in the laboratory or measurement of eU can be used as radon potential indicators in some geological environments. This applies particularly in areas where the soil composition rather than the composition and permeability of the underlying rock or superficial deposits are the dominant controls of radon potential. It appears, therefore, that it may be necessary to use different radon site investigation methods according to the specific factors controlling radon emanation from the ground. In some cases no method will provide a reliable indicator of radon risk under unfavourable climatic conditions. 相似文献
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介绍了有限差分方法的原理,叙述了砂岩型铀矿体上氡气场的分布,并建立了氡气场分布的理论方程,通过有限差分算法求解氡气场分布方程,为砂岩型铀矿体上氡气场的正演研究提供了数值计算方法。针对砂岩型铀矿体上氡气场低值区对应矿体而高值异常场对应矿体两端的特点,以矿体端点高值异常峰值点为中心进行二维等步长剖分,得出差分方程,为问题的进一步研究提供一种算法思路。 相似文献
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A geostatistical approach for mapping and uncertainty assessment of geogenic radon gas in soil in an area of southern Italy 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Gabriele Buttafuoco Adalisa Tallarico Giovanni Falcone Ilaria Guagliardi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(3):491-505
Spatial distribution of concentrations of radon gas in the soil is important for defining high risk areas because geogenic
radon is the major potential source of indoor radon concentrations regardless of the construction features of buildings. An
area of southern Italy (Catanzaro-Lamezia plain) was surveyed to study the relationship between radon gas concentrations in
the soil, geology and structural patterns. Moreover, the uncertainty associated with the mapping of geogenic radon in soil
gas was assessed. Multi-Gaussian kriging was used to map the geogenic soil gas radon concentration, while conditional sequential
Gaussian simulation was used to yield a series of stochastic images representing equally probable spatial distributions of
soil radon across the study area. The stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were used to assess
the uncertainty associated with the mapping of geogenic radon in the soil and they were combined to calculate the probability
of exceeding a specified critical threshold that might cause concern for human health. The study showed that emanation of
radon gas radon was also dependent on geological structure and lithology. The results have provided insight into the influence
of basement geochemistry on the spatial distribution of radon levels at the soil/atmosphere interface and suggested that knowledge
of the geology of the area may be helpful in understanding the distribution pattern of radon near the earth’s surface. 相似文献
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综合相关文献研究,通过工程实例介绍土壤中氡气浓度的检测方法,对检测结果进行统计学分析,根据分析结果探讨不同土壤中氡浓度差异及其影响因素。结果显示:土壤孔隙度是影响土壤中氡气浓度的关键因素。不同类型的表层土壤,孔隙度不同,所含氡气浓度也不同。当表层土壤为房渣土、填土时,土质夯实,孔隙率低,氡浓度含量较低;表层土壤为粉土、粉质粘土时,土质较均匀,土层较疏松,孔隙度略大,土壤氡浓度大于前者;表层土壤为粉砂、细砂时,土层更为疏松,土壤中孔隙度再次增大,氡在土壤中有大量的存储空间,所含的氡浓度最大。因此,土壤的孔隙度大小影响氡从地下向地表渗透析出的难易程度,孔隙度越大氡越容易渗透其中,浓度就越高。 相似文献
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Jing Chen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(4):775-782
Canada is a vast country with most of the population living on a small portion of the land. However, for a national radon
potential map, it is mandatory to cover the entire country including sparsely populated areas. Because of these characteristics,
the radon map development for Canada is challenging. After briefly reviewing of radon map development in the world, this study
considers a multi-tier approach to best use available however limited resources and to generate a national radon map in a
timely fashion. In summary, radon potential maps for highly populated areas should be determined by direct indoor radon measurements
where enough indoor radon data are available. In areas where indoor radon measurements are limited or not yet available, the
radon potential maps could be developed from various data sources with a multi-factor scoring system including geological
information on soil permeability, soil gas radon concentration and ground uranium concentration. In sparsely populated areas,
radon potential maps can only be generated with geological predictive tools, especially in those areas where no houses have
yet been built. Because indoor radon measurement data and geological information relevant to radon are very limited in Canada,
a multi-step strategy is also worth considering in addition to the multi-tier approach. 相似文献
18.
为了保证我国氡填图方法研究中关键参数土壤氡浓度测量结果的准确性和可靠性,笔者所在的实验室作为首次参加氡国际比对的中国组织,参加了2010年在捷克举行的3个氡参考点Cetyně、Bohostice和Buk现场测量国际比对。经T-学生分布检验,当显著性水平α=1%时,本实验室在氡参考点上45个测点的实测土壤氡浓度值cA与全部比对测量参加者的CA(2000年以来该参考点全部组织的平均值)数据有很好的一致性;3个参考点的平均氡浓度与自2000年以来在这些氡参考点进行试验的所有成功组织(N=180)提交数据形成的数据库中的数据高度一致,总相对误差小于6%。该成果表明本实验室的土壤氡测量技术已达国际相应水平。通过本次氡国际比对,发现了我国土壤氡测量中仪器校准、土壤气体采样技术等方面存在的问题,建议系统开展土壤氡测量方法及其技术规范等研究。 相似文献
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Jae-Hwan Cho Kyung-Rae Dong Yong-Jin Ju Woon-Kwan Chung Seon-Chil Kim Jong-Woong Lee Yong-Soon Park Eun-Jin Choi Ho-Sung Kim Yeong-Cheol Heo Hyon-Chol Jang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1515-1523
The purpose of this study was to measure, compare, and analyze the air concentration of radon that was emitted to the atmosphere from construction materials such as cement brick, tile, red clay tile, and gypsum tile. The study method was to use continuous radon monitoring equipment (RTM 1688-2) to measure concentrations of radon and thoron contained in brick, tile, red clay tile, and gypsum tile. According to the measurement results, the cement brick among the four samples showed the highest measurement value for radon, while the red clay tile showed the highest measurement value for thoron. When the radon emission concentration was estimated based on materials required for construction per unit area (3.3 m2) in an actual construction, the cement brick had the highest measurement values for radon and thoron. This study confirmed the degree of radon emission from construction materials. The purpose of this study was also to suggest a method to examine the effects of radon and reduce the dose of personal radiation exposure. It is believed that the government should be active in publicizing and managing use of construction materials that have lower levels of radon emission. 相似文献
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Using a large database of residential short-term radon measurements in New Hampshire, this study evaluated the ability of expert-assigned bedrock radon potential for predicting residential radon concentration. First, each bedrock type was assigned a radon potential level by a geologist familiar with the local geology. Then, using residential radon measurements, a continuous surface of radon concentration was generated through a kriging process. The mean residential radon concentration within the spatial extent of each bedrock type was then calculated based on that surface. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was calculated between the two ranks of the bedrock types, one based on the expert-assigned potential level and the other based on the mean residential concentration. A strong correlation between the rank correlation and the area of the bedrock type was found. When only the 15 largest bedrock types were used, the Spearman Correlation Coefficient reached 0.6. Geological knowledge is concluded to be useful in predicting and mapping residential radon concentration, but the prediction should be interpreted with caution, especially for areas in which the underlying bedrocks are highly localized. 相似文献