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同位素技术是研究区域地下水循环规律的主要手段之一。本文对平原区地下水进行了取样分析,运用同位素技术并结合水文地质条件,研究了北京市平原区地下水循环演化规律。运用^3H和^14C的测年技术确定了地下水年龄;利用D和18^O关系曲线探讨了地下水的起源;按照是否积极参加了现代水循环的原则将第四系地下水划分为浅层水和深层水;对浅层水和深层水的更新状况进行了研究。研究表明,浅层水广泛分布于北京平原区,径流条件好,更新快;深层水主要分布于永定河、潮白河冲洪积扇下部及冲洪积平原的深部地区,补给条件相对差,与现代大气降水联系弱,径流条件差,更新慢。 相似文献
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离子探针Li同位素微区原位分析技术与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地学前缘》2015,(5)
Li同位素是一种新兴的非传统稳定同位素示踪工具,其应用领域涵盖了从地表到地幔的熔/流体与矿物之间的相互作用以及行星的早期演化研究。随着多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICPMS)和二次离子质谱仪(SIMS)技术的迅速发展,锂同位素地球化学研究取得了长足进步和发展。Cameca IMS 1280SIMS可以在约20μm×30μm×2μm的空间尺度上获得约1‰(1σ)的分析精度,实现了高精度微区原位Li同位素分析。由于Li同位素基体效应明显,获取与分析样品基体匹配的标准样品对Li同位素分析的准确性尤为关键。在重点介绍SIMS微区原位Li同位素分析技术的基础上,以锆石、橄榄石和辉石为例,综述了Li同位素原位分析技术的最新应用研究进展及存在的问题,旨在加深对Li同位素原位分析技术的理解,展示其在地球化学研究中的良好应用前景。 相似文献
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本文首先阐述了锌同位素的研究背景、分析测试方法和示踪环境污染方面的应用,然后以塞纳河锌同位素示踪研究为例,对利用重金属同位素示踪河流污染源必须满足的前提条件及应用进行了详细论述,指出了今后有关流域锌同位素研究的重点应在以下几个方面:锌同位素组成随河流中颗粒物不同粒径、不同矿物成分的变化关系;河流生物吸收过程中锌同位素分馏机制;以及流域土壤保留源自大气沉降及农业肥料锌过程中的锌同位素演化机理。 相似文献
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在地震地下流体研究中,地下水补给及循环过程是重要的研究内容之一,氢氧同位素示踪技术是目前研究该过程的常用手段。通过对九江地震台2井地下水、大气降水及周边天花井水库水、马尾水高山泉水的样品进行氢氧同位素测定分析,结果表明,与降水相比地下水氢氧同位素变化更为稳定。夏半年,大气降水氢氧同位素与降水量呈显著的负相关关系,具有明显的降水量效应;冬半年,与温度成显著的正相关关系,具有明显的温度效应,地下水氢氧同位素并未表现出明显的降水效应和温度效应。氢氧同位素及过量氘揭示地下水在下渗补给前经历了明显的蒸发分馏作用,并与围岩进行~(18)O交换,δ~(18)O与δD计算的补给高程分别约为647m、440m。九江台地下水总体属于大气成因型,循环过程为较稳定的裂隙水补给形成承压自流井。 相似文献
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Re-Os同位素定年在石油生成及富有机质沉积岩的绝对定年方面取得了良好的应用效果,并且石油的Os同位素初始值还可以作为油源示踪的指标。分析了Re-Os同位素定年方法在富有机质体系中应用的原理,探讨了影响同位素体系封闭性的各种因素,指出熟化作用、生物降解及水洗作用、脱沥青作用不会影响Re-Os同位素体系的封闭性,而硫酸盐热化学还原作用、成矿流体作用及幔源岩浆混染会扰动Re-Os同位素体系。目前石油系统中Re-Os同位素研究存在的主要问题可归结为2个方面:1石油系统有机质中Re-Os同位素的地球化学行为;2Re-Os同位素年龄的精度及其指示意义。对于这2个方面,开展有机相及现代海藻与Re-Os同位素相关性的研究将有助于了解Re和Os在有机质中的具体富集形式;对控制Re-Os同位素分馏的因素(如沉积环境及有机质类型)的研究将会有助于鉴别哪些地层以及什么样的样品能用来进行Re-Os定年。 相似文献
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激光探针稳定同位素分析技术的现状及发展前景 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
微区分析是同位素测试发展的重要方向。激光探针微区稳定同位素分析方法是同位素微区分析的重要手段。激光探针微区稳定同位素研究始于 2 0世纪 80年代 ,开始时主要集中于轻元素的稳定同位素研究。目前它已广泛用于碳酸盐碳、氧同位素 ,硫化物硫同位素 ,硅酸盐氧、硅同位素和氮同位素研究。近年来 ,多接收等离子质谱分析技术在重金属元素 (如铁、铜、锌、钼等 )的同位素分析方面取得迅速发展。因而 ,重金属元素的微区稳定同位素研究又成为当前的热点。文中对轻元素和重元素的激光探针微区稳定同位素分析的制样装置与设备 ,各种相关分析技术 ,以及在矿物、岩石与矿石研究中的应用现状进行了介绍。对激光探针微区稳定同位素分析技术的发展前景做了讨论。 相似文献
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北京市潮白河冲洪积扇分布有大中型地下水源地10余座,区域地下水位持续下降,含水层腾出了巨大的储存空间,在此建设地下水库储蓄南水北调水和本地地表水,可提高北京市应急供水能力、增强水资源可持续利用能力、改善地质环境。本文以潮白河冲洪积扇为研究对象,论述了潮白河地下水库建设的地质条件、回灌水源、地下水人工补给方式等基本条件,研究了地下水回灌的工程模式、能力与调蓄方案。结果表明,潮白河地下水库可建设怀柔应急与水源八厂两个回灌工程,理论入渗能力可达136 m~3/s,调蓄方案实施一年,库区地下水位可上升5~15m,储存量可增加4.8×108m~3,资源、环境效益十分明显。 相似文献
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同位素定年和示踪技术已渗透到地球科学的各个方面, 成为确定地质事件时代和成岩成矿年龄、示踪成岩成矿物质来源和形成环境条件的重要手段, 推动地球科学发展的重要动力。随着分析技术的不断发展, 微区/微量同位素、非传统同位素、高维度同位素已成为当前国际同位素地球化学研究的前沿和重点领域, 近年来我国在该领域也取得长足发展和一系列重大成果。本“同位素分析新技术与地质应用研究新进展”专辑集中刊发了13篇这方面的文章, 主要涵盖了两个方向的研究成果: (1)同位素地质分析新方法及标准物质研制; (2)同位素地球化学研究新进展, 主要包括同位素示踪技术在矿床和海洋沉积环境中应用研究。本文将对收录本专辑论文的研究工作做一简要介绍, 对深入了解我国同位素地质分析技术及应用研究最新进展具有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水离子组成特征及其控制因素，利用2015年采集的8个河水水样，运用数理统计、聚类分析、Piper三线图、Gibbs模型以及离子比值等方法，分析了雅鲁藏布江丰水期河水水化学特征，并探讨了其主要控制因素。结果表明：河水中阳离子以Ca2+、Mg2+为主，阴离子则以HCO3-和SO42-为主，阴、阳离子分别约占其总量的96%和85%。河水水化学类型均为HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型。TDS含量介于202.46~371.27 mg·L-1，均值为299.30 mg·L-1，较世界河流平均值高。自上至下，河水水化学特征表现出一定的差异性，河水中主要离子以及TDS、TH、EC的含量沿程表现出下降的趋势，其原因主要有支流河水汇入和降水增加的稀释作用。河水水样均落在Gibbs模型图中部偏左，表明河水中主要离子化学组分主要受水岩作用控制。离子比值法分析表明研究区碳酸盐岩以及蒸发岩的风化溶解是河水水化学的主要控制因素，且存在硅酸盐类矿物的风化。 相似文献
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ChengQiuming ZhangGeorge LuCindy KoConnie 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2004,15(3):275-282
Modeling landscape with high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) in a geographic information system can provide essential morphological and structural information for modeling surface processes such as geomorphologic process and water systems. This paper introduces several DEM-based spatial analysis processes applied to characterize spatial distribution and their interactions of ground and surface water systems in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), Canada. The stream networks and drainage basin systems were derived from the DEM with 30 m resolution and the regularities of the surface stream and drainage patterns were modeled from a statistical/multifractal point of view. Together with the elevation and slope of topography, other attributes defmed from modeling the stream system, and drainage networks were used to associate geological, hydrological and topographical features to water flow in river systems and the spatial locations of artesian aquifers in the study area. Stream flow data derived from daily flow measurements recorded at river gauging stations for multi-year period were decomposed into “drainage-area dependent“ and “drainage-area independent“ flow components by two-step “frequency“ and “spatial“ analysis processes. The latter component was further demonstrated to relate most likely to the ground water discharge. An independent analysis was conducted to model the distribution of aquifers with information derived from the records of water wells. The focus was given on quantification of the likelihood of ground water discharge to river and ponds through flowing wells, springs and seepages. It has been shown that the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) is a unique glacial deposit that serves as a recharge layer and that the aquifers in the ORM underlain by Hilton Tills and later deposits exposed near the steep slope zone of the ridges of ORM provide significant discharge to the surface water systems (river flow and ponds) through flowing wells, springs and seepages. Various statistics (cross- and auto-correlation coefficients, fractal R/S exponent) were used in conjunction with GIS to demonstrate the influence of land types, topography and geometry of drainage basins on short- and long-term persistence of river flows as well as responding time to precipitation events. The current study has provided not only insight in understanding the interaction of water systems in the GTA, but also a base for further establishment of an on-line GIS system for predicting spatial-temporal changes of river flow and groundwater level in the GTA. 相似文献
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通过野外采样和室内分析,采用稳定氢氧同位素和水化学相结合的方法,研究了第二松花江地表水和地下水的相互关系。地表水和地下水中稳定氢氧同位素（δD,δ18O）空间差异明显,上游水体中同位素最贫化,下游最富集。水化学类型从长白山源区的Na-HCO3型,演化成Ca-Mg-HCO3型;而在人类活动的影响下,向Ca（Mg）-Cl（SO4）演化。运用端元法定量计算了地表水与地下水的相互转换比例,上游山区深层地下水接受江水和浅层地下水的补给,浅层地下水补给比例占50%左右;下游平原区浅层地下水补给江水,补给比例占20%左右。研究结果可为综合利用地表水和地下水、促进水资源的可持续利用提供理论基础。 相似文献
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合理设计开采方案对傍河水源地地下水资源开发具有重要意义。以德惠典型傍河地下水水源地为研究区，在查明研究区水文地质条件的基础上，以管井为例，运用解析法确定了最佳开采方案和水源地地下水允许开采量，并对最佳开采方案的合理性和可靠性进行了分析。结果表明，当开采井沿河流呈直线形单排布井方式，井数为12眼，井河距离为200 m，井间距离为150 m，单井开采量为2 960 m3/d，总开采量为35 520 m3/d时，取水保证程度较高，面对河流突发性污染具有一定的抵御能力，不会对区域水环境和其他用户造成较大影响。 相似文献
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Mohd Khairul Nizar Shamsuddin Saim Suratman Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria Ahmad Zaharin Aris Wan Nor Azmin Sulaiman 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(8):3129-3142
Induced bank infiltration (BI) is commonly implemented in other countries, but remains new and unexplored in Malaysia. Increasing river pollution could affect drinking water resources. Given the threat of pollution to raw water sources, applying induced BI to sustain water management is essential. This paper presents a case study of the BI method, which evaluates the effects of groundwater pumping and BI operation on the installation of wells as well as determines the effect of pumping rate on flow paths, travel time, the size of the pumping and capture zone delineation, and groundwater mixing in a pumping well in Jenderam Hilir, Malaysia. The proposed method performs infiltration safely and achieves the ideal pumping rate. Numerical modeling packages, MODFLOW and MODPATH (particle tracking) were used. Results indicate that the migration of river water into the aquifer is generally slow and depends on the pumping rate and distance from well to the river. Most water arrives at the well by the end of a pumping period of 1–5 days at 3,072 m3/day for test wells DW1 and DW2, and during simultaneous pumping for DW2 and PW1 for a well located 36 and 18 m, respectively, from the river. During the 9.7-day pumping period, 33 % of the water pumped from the DW1 well was river water, and 38 % from DW2 throughout 4.6 days was river water. The models provide necessary information for water operators in the design and construction of pumping and sampling schedules of BI practices. 相似文献
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Assessment of interconnection between surface water and groundwater in Sawa Lake area,southern Iraq,using stable isotope technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Interaction between surface water represented by the Euphrates River, natural springs, and Sawa Lake with groundwater (11 wells) in southern Iraq was investigated in this study. Water samples were collected for hydrochemistry and stable isotope (2H and 18O) analysis. Sampling of water from determined stations (10 stations along the Euphrates, 3 springs, and Sawa Lake) were carried out during two stages; the first was in October 2013(dry season) and the second one was in March 2014 (wet season). The aim of the research is to assess the interaction of groundwater–surface water, which includes Al-Atshan River (branch of the Euphrates River), Sawa Lake, and the groundwater in the study area by using hydrochemistry and stable isotope techniques. The results indicate that surface waters have a different type of water from that of groundwater. In δ 2H and δ 18O diagrams, all groundwater, springs, and Sawa Lake waters are plotted below the Global Meteoric Water Line (GMWL) and the local meteoric water line (LMWL) indicating the influence of evaporation processes and seasonal variation. The LMWL deviates by a d-excess about +13.71 toward the East Mediterranean meteoric water line (EMWL) indicating that the origin of the vapor source is the Mediterranean Sea. The river water has different isotopic compositions from that of groundwater, springs, and Sawa Lake. The final conclusion is that there is no clear influence of the groundwater on the river water while there is an intermixing between the groundwater in the different locations in the study area. 相似文献
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长江三角洲水环境水资源研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
长江三角洲包括三角洲平原及周边丘陵山地,天然的水环境良好,多年平均当地水资源量为537.79×108m3,长江干流多年平均过境水量9730×108m3,水资源丰富。目前,长江总体水质尚好,主泓水质多为Ⅱ类,沿岸部分具有Ⅲ类水。太湖是上海、苏州、无锡的主要饮用水源,但水质一直在下降,总体为Ⅲ类水(占70%),Ⅱ类水仅占15%,其他河道、小湖泊均为Ⅳ类和Ⅴ类水。钱塘江水系以Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类水为主。京杭运河为Ⅴ类、劣Ⅴ类水。随着人口增加、城镇扩展和乡镇企业快速发展,水环境污染日趋严重,清洁淡水水源日益缩减。长江三角洲平原地区出现水质性缺水,浙东宁波舟山主要是缺乏工程调剂用水。文章建议:1)应用GIS技术,作流域性水环境水资源模型,以解决平原水网区水质、水量的调控、决策和管理;2)浙东缺水区需从全省范围规划建设大区域水利工程,解决供水,避免各县市单独、分散局部规划建设;3)三角洲的洪涝灾害主要是不合理开发引起的。建议按水系自然规律整治河道,去除障碍,减少淤积,降低水位,让洪水流量有畅通去路,同时配合非工程防洪措施以综合防治洪水灾害。长江三角洲由于水环境污染造成的水质性缺水提供了人们研究人和自然环境和谐地相关发展的一个最好例证。 相似文献
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Water samples were collected from the Yellow River and from wells for chemical and isotopic measurement in the counties of
Yucheng and Qihe, to which 6–9×108 m3 of water is diverted annually from the Yellow River. A zone of high electrical conductivity (EC) in groundwater corresponds
well on the regional scale with a ridge in groundwater level, which is the main flow path through the region, but has a low
gradient. The zone of highest EC along this ridge occurs at a position with the lowest ground altitude in the study area.
The unique characteristic of the groundwater is the linear relationship among the principal anions as the result of mixing.
The mixing effect is confirmed by its isotopic signature, which was then used to calculate the contributions from three sources:
rainfall, old water, and diverted water with an average mixing rate of 18, 17, and 65%, respectively. As an indicator of water
movement, Cl– content varies across a wide range in the profile from 30–10 m with a maximum concentration at about 1.2 m depth. Concentrations
are relatively stable at about 2 m, which is the average boundary of the saturated and unsaturated zone. The water from the
Yellow River has proved to be dominant in mixing in the aquifer in terms of groundwater flow and geochemistry.
Electronic Publication 相似文献