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1.
针对我国东北某石油烃污染场地地下水中的萘污染,筛选出了Acinetobacter和Pseudomonas菌属的高效萘降解菌群。该菌群对萘的耐受性较高,且具有良好的乳化性,能够自动调节细胞表面疏水性和自聚集性。不同pH值、萘初始浓度、温度和菌接种量对萘降解效率的影响研究表明:最适菌群生长的pH范围为7.08.0;萘降解效率和速率在1.005.00 mg/L范围内与其初始浓度成正比;在1030 ℃温度范围内均表现出较高的萘降解效率。在此基础上,利用Guass、GuassAmp、LogNomal、Poisson和Pulse数学模型对萘的降解过程进行拟合,其降解速率更符合GuassAmp模型。通过将降解动力学模型中的常数与影响因素相关联,推导出了拟合度较高的多因素影响下的萘降解动力学方程。 相似文献
2.
为探究长庆油田污染土壤中微生物对石油的降解特性,在该油田多个油井附近采集了10处含油污染土壤进行石油烃降解菌的筛选、分离及降解实验。通过对筛选出的四株石油烃降解菌株5-5、5-X、9-2、10-3进行革兰氏染色、菌落形态观察、生化理化试验及16S rDNA测序,鉴定出这四株菌株分别为醋酸钙不动杆菌（Acinetobacter calcoaceticus）、不动杆菌（Acinetobacter sp.）、蒙氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonas monteilii）和乳酸不动杆菌（Acinetobacter lactucae）。14 d降解实验结果显示,这四种菌株对总石油烃的降解率分别为50.92%、51.27%、78.30%和44.39%;尤其菌株Pseudomonas sp.9-2表现出优异的降解性能,且对不同组分石油烃（正构烷烃、异构烷烃及芳烃）的降解率分别达到了94.65%、69.73%和59.07%,对长链正构烷烃也体现出了较好的降解性能。另外,抗逆性试验结果表明菌株Pseudomonas sp.9-2对pH和盐度的耐受范围分别为5.0~10.0、0.5%~6.0%,表明该菌株对盐碱环境具有较好的适应性,可用于盐碱石油污染土壤的微生物修复研究。 相似文献
3.
在18℃的低温条件下,从不同菌源中富集、驯化、筛选得到两株高效苯酚降解菌株A4和B14,在转速为150r·min-1、温度为18℃、pH为6～9的条件下,两株菌对苯酚起始浓度为300mg/L的苯酚降解率分别为90.43%和99.02%.在中性条件下,对苯酚起始浓度小于300mg/L的苯酚降解率均保持在98%以上.经形态特征观察及生理生化实验初步鉴定,结果显示,A4为微球菌属,B14为假单胞菌属.对菌株的降解特性研究表明两株菌最适生长的pH值为6～9,A4菌株比B14菌株具有更广泛的pH适应性;菌株对苯酚的降解率随着生物投加量的增加而升高,在投菌量大于5mL·100 mL-1时,苯酚降解率接近100%;两株菌在通气状况良好的条件下,对苯酚的降解率及其生长情况明显优于缺氧条件.通过对比实验,A4菌株对外界环境的适应性明显强于B14,而后者的生长速率明显高于前者. 相似文献
4.
降解多氯联苯嗜盐菌的分离和降解特性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从深海底泥中提取出生长盐度在15%~20%的十二株嗜盐菌,对其进行分离、纯化和富集,进行了形态观察和革兰氏染色,最终选取了一株生长状态良好的菌株进行降解多氯联苯的影响实验。通过改变菌株降解PCBs的条件——pH值、接种量以及多氯联苯的浓度,得到降解多氯联苯的最适条件:在30℃下此菌株降解的最适pH值为7~8,最佳接种量为5 mL,多氯联苯的浓度为3 mg/L以下时,72 h的降解率可以达到90%以上。 相似文献
5.
张士灌区细河流域地下水及土壤中有机污染严重,其中多环芳烃菲超标。从研究区污染土壤中取土著微生物,控制实验条件与研究区潜水环境一致,通过实验室选择性富集培养分离出20株以菲为唯一碳源和能源的细菌。经降解实验,在温度为10℃、pH值为7.5的环境条件下筛选出1株在9天内对菲(50mg/L)的降解率达到85%以上的菌株BC。该菌株在温度为5~30℃,pH为6.0~9.0条件下15天内对菲的降解率可达到96%以上。研究结果为张士污灌区及相似地区地下水和土壤环境中菲的原位生物降解法的应用提供了技术依据。 相似文献
6.
通过对取自MBR膜生物反应器中的活性污泥加入菲进行富集培养、驯化,分离、纯化出一株能以菲为唯一碳源和能源的短杆状革兰氏阴性菌J-1,细菌长2～5μm,宽1～3μm;研究了初始底物浓度、温度、pH对菌株J-1降解菲的影响,探讨了菌株J-1胞内酶对菲降解的底物抑制动力学。试验表明:菌株J-1在48h内能将不同浓度菲的水溶液中的菲完全降解;菲浓度增加,达到完全降解的时间延长。温度对细菌的降解能力影响较大,菌株J-1对菲降解的最佳温度为28℃。1.15mg·L-1的菲,28℃时48h内能完全降解,而相同时间内10℃时的降解率仅为36.65%。菌株J-1对pH的波动具有一定的适应性,pH在一定范围内(6.0～8.4)变化对菲降解的影响不大,降解反应的最佳pH为7.2。菌株J-1对菲的降解符合一级动力学反应方程。较高的底物浓度对酶促降解反应具有抑制作用,酶促反应的最大速率常数vm=1.17mg·L-1·h-1,米氏常数Km=61.70mg·L-1;底物抑制常数kS=49.60mg·L-1;最佳底物浓度[S]opt=55.32mg·L-1。 相似文献
7.
为了探究热活化过硫酸盐（PS）技术对水中氧氟沙星（OFX）的氧化降解作用,考察了反应温度、体系的初始pH、PS的初始浓度、OFX的初始浓度对OFX降解效果的影响;并在单因素实验的基础上,选取反应时间、体系的初始pH、PS的初始浓度和OFX的初始浓度4个因素进行了响应面优化实验。结果表明：最佳降解条件为,反应温度60℃、PS初始浓度4.0 mmol/L、pH=4.7、OFX初始浓度0.03 mmol/L、反应时间60 min,此时OFX的降解率为81.29%;4个因素对热活化PS降解OFX均有影响,其影响显著性从大到小为反应时间、OFX的初始浓度、PS的初始浓度、初始pH。利用响应曲面法模拟出反应体系的最佳条件,经实验验证,OFX降解率为93.78%,与预测最佳结果95.00%基本相符,表明模型可靠有效。 相似文献
8.
从某橡胶厂废弃物堆积场采集受秋兰姆污染的土壤中分离出TM1、TM2、TM3 3株单菌,分别加到一定浓度秋兰姆的模拟水中,通过实验优化出秋兰姆最佳降解条件,得出单菌株TM1对水样中的秋兰姆降解能力最大。将3株单菌按一定方式混合制成T1、T2、T3、T4 4组混菌,用单菌降解秋兰姆的最优条件对4组混菌进行降解性能实验,其中混菌T1对秋兰姆降解率最高,降解率可达95.77%。 相似文献
9.
零价铁和硝基苯反应后生成二价铁和苯胺,而苯胺也是地下水污染物。硫酸根自由基具有强氧化性,可以降解苯胺。而二价铁可以活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基,进而去除苯胺。本文研究了二价铁浓度、过硫酸盐浓度、苯胺初始浓度、体系初始pH、反应温度等因素对二价铁活化过硫酸盐去除水中苯胺处理效率的影响。结果表明:1)Fe2+活化过硫酸盐生成SO-4·能快速并有效氧化降解苯胺,对于目标浓度为1 000 mg/L的苯胺而言,Fe2+浓度为3.3 mmol/L,Na2S2O8浓度为4.4 mmol/L时,对苯胺有较佳降解效果,苯胺的降解率为86.33%。2体系对较低浓度的苯胺降解效果较好,当污染物初始浓度由1 000 mg/L降低到500 mg/L和100 mg/L时,苯胺降解率由86.33%升高为90.27%和97.16%。3初始pH对苯胺的降解率影响较大,中性条件下(pH=7左右)降解率较好,高初始pH(pH=9,11)和低初始pH条件(pH=3,5)下均低于中性条件下苯胺的降解效率。4体系的温度变化对降解率影响不明显。 相似文献
10.
某石化污染场地含水层自然降解BTEX能力评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下水污染问题是国家关注的重要环境问题之一,监测与评估含水层自然降解污染物能力是防治地下水污染的基本手段,也是国外地下水中修复技术研究热点课题。以华北平原某石油化工类场地为案例,通过调查场地水文地质条件、土壤及地下水污染现状,监测场地地下水中苯系物(BTEX)浓度及相关化学参数变化,运用微生物水文地球化学方法和水文地质方法,估算了该场地含水层自然降解苯系物量。这一研究成果为评估我国石油类场地地下水污染的自然修复能力提供了实证和基础数据。 相似文献
11.
Hui Xie Lusheng Zhu Qifeng Xu Jun Wang Wei Liu Jinhui Jiang Yan Meng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(1):93-99
A 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)-degrading bacterium was isolated from soil samples that had been enriched
with DDT over a prolonged period of time; these samples were collected from the sewer sludge of a pesticide factory and from
DDT-contaminated fields. This consortium was acclimated by repeated passage through a mineral salt medium containing increasing
concentrations of DDT. We examined the effects of various factors such as the pH, temperature, concentration of DDT, and the
presence of an additional carbon source on the degradation rate of DDT. Based on the analysis of the phenotype, physiological
and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA, the strain KK was identified to belong to the bacteria Alcaligenes. The results showed that at the end of 10 days, the rate of degradation of DDT by the strain KK was 66.5%. When the additional
carbon source concentration, pH, concentration of DDT, and cultivation temperature is 0.5%, 6, 10 mg l−1, and 30°C, respectively, the biodegradation rate peaks. The results also suggested that (1) bacterial growth increases positively
with an increase in the carbon source concentration; (2) the appropriate pH is between 8.0 and 10.0; and (3) the optimal temperature
and DDT concentration are 30°C and 10 mg l−1, respectively. 相似文献
12.
通过静态实验研究了配位体对地下环境中Fe（Ⅱ）衰减硝基苯的影响。实验结果表明,配位体的种类、浓度均对Fe（Ⅱ）衰减硝基苯有重要影响。在Fe（Ⅱ）浓度为5 mmol/L的条件下,以半胱氨酸为配位体形成的络合物对硝基苯衰减效果最好,对硝基苯的去除率为86.16%;在配位体浓度变化的条件下,配位体浓度为50 mmol/L时,对硝基苯的衰减效果相对较好,去除率均在65%以上;另外,在Fe（Ⅱ）和配位体浓度一定的条件下,硝基苯的浓度对其衰减也有影响,100 mg/L的硝基苯衰减效果最好,之后随着硝基苯浓度增加,衰减效果呈现逐渐变差的趋势;在Fe（Ⅱ）的络合物衰减硝基苯的过程中,Fe（Ⅱ）被氧化成Fe（Ⅲ）。 相似文献
13.
采用液相还原法制备纳米铁粒子,粒径约为50 nm,主要成分为ɑ-Fe。实验研究了纳米铁还原高浓度硝基苯的效果及反应动力学。结果表明:自制的纳米铁具有很高的活性,短时间内能将高浓度硝基苯彻底还原,效果远优于普通铁粉。当摩尔比满足n纳米铁∶n硝基苯=4∶1时,纳米铁还原硝基苯属于一级反应动力学,反应速率常数和半衰期分别为0.159 3 h-1和4.351 2 h。整个实验过程中,ρ(DO)在0.5 mg/L以下,pH值约为9.0,体系呈弱碱性的厌氧环境,有利于厌氧微生物的生长。纳米铁反应后的产物为Fe6(OH)12CO3和MgFe3O4,且以Fe6(OH)12CO3为主。纳米铁反应后较以前比粒径变化不大,分散性较好,但表面被严重腐蚀。 相似文献
14.
A. Khanafari Ph.D. A. Akhavan Sepahei Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(4):427-432
The potential of three Azotobacter chroococcum strains for whey degradation and alginate production were investigated. After dilution, samples were spread plated on isolation agar and Manitol agar and incubated at 30 °C for 24 h. Microorganisms were screened for their ability to whey degradation and alginate production based on colony morphology, negative and capsule staining, ability to decrease the apparent turbidity of the fermentation broths in batch and semi continuous culture by spectrophotometer assay at 400 nanometer and tensiometer assay. Of the three strains tested for whey degradation, only Azotobacter chroococcum 1723 produced significant apparent growth on whey broth and could decrease about 70 % of turbidity in fermentation broth during 6 days in batch culture. Colonies of this strain was characteristically yellow, large, moucoid and slimy on whey agar than Manitol agar after 24 h at 30 °C. Transmission electron microscopy assay and Carbazole reagent were used to recognize the alginate biopolymer. After optimizing environmental factors such as pH, salt concentration and temperature, this strain was able to produce exopolysaccharide greater than 5 mg/mL. Optimum results were obtained when using whey broth as a fermentation medium without extra salt, temperature at 35 °C and pH 7. Increasing inorganic and organic nitrogen sources (yeast extract and NH4NO3) reduced whey degradation at least 30%. Transmission electron microscopy assay showed a net-structured polysaccharide capsule around the cells. Semi-continuous culture results demonstrated that, alginate production as well as whey degradation was decreased (1 mg/mL and 30 %). 相似文献
15.
Biodegradation of Cypermethrin by a newly isolated actinomycetes HU-S-01 from wastewater sludge 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Q. S. Lin Ph.D. S. H. Chen M. Y. Hu M. R. Ul Haq Ph.D. L. Yang H. Li 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2011,8(1):45-56
A new cypermethrin degrading strain was isolated from wastewater sludge using enrichment technique. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain was determined to be a Streptomyces species, probably a strain of Streptomyces parvulus, so it was designated as Streptomyces sp. HU-S-01. The strain Streptomyces sp. HU-S-01 is aerobic and optimum growth temperature for the strain was found to be 26–28 °C with initial pH range 6.0-9.0 and pH 7.5 was found to be the optimum. This strain can also completely degrade 3-phenoxybenzoic acid within 96 h at the concentration of 50 mg/L. The kinetic constants Vmax, Km, Kcat and Kcat/ Km of enzyme for cypermethrin were 1.236 ?mol/min, 6.418 ?mol/mL, 13.493 min and 2.102 mL/mol.min, respectively. The degradation products of cypermethrin were identified using gas chromatographmass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. The degradation pathway followed by HU-S-01 involves oxidative as well as hydrolyzing. Biodegradation ability of strain Streptomyces sp. HU-S-01 without toxic byproducts reveals its potential for further study as a biological agent for the remediation of soil, water or crops, contaminated with cypermethrin. 相似文献
16.
Comparison of surrogate models with different methods in groundwater remediation process 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Surrogate modelling is an effective tool for reducing computational burden of simulation optimization. In this article, polynomial regression (PR), radial basis function artificial neural network (RBFANN), and kriging methods were compared for building surrogate models of a multiphase flow simulation model in a simplified nitrobenzene contaminated aquifer remediation problem. In the model accuracy analysis process, a 10-fold cross validation method was adopted to evaluate the approximation accuracy of the three surrogate models. The results demonstrated that: RBFANN surrogate model and kriging surrogate model had acceptable approximation accuracy, and further that kriging model’s approximation accuracy was slightly higher than RBFANN model. However, the PR model demonstrated unacceptably poor approximation accuracy. Therefore, the RBFANN and kriging surrogates were selected and used in the optimization process to identify the most cost-effective remediation strategy at a nitrobenzene-contaminated site. The optimal remediation costs obtained with the two surrogate-based optimization models were similar, and had similar computational burden. These two surrogate-based optimization models are efficient tools for optimal groundwater remediation strategy identification. 相似文献
17.
E. I. Madukasi X. Dai C. He J. Zhou 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(1):165-174
A suspended growth photobioreactor was utilized to treat pharmaceutical wastewater by a wild strain purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium isolated from the soil. The strain was named Z08 and identified as Rhodobacter-sphaeroides by 16SrDN. The photobioreactor was illuminated externally with two (40 W) fluorescent compact light sources on both sides. Its operation pH and temperature were between 6.8–7.0 and 20–30 °C, respectively. Optimum growth of the isolate was obtained after enrichment of the pharmaceutical wastewater with 0.5 % ammonium sulfate and 0.1 % yeast extract under microaerobic optimum light (6000 lx) condition at 5d retention. Using these optimum conditions, the maximum dry cell weight and chemical oxygen demand percentage removal were 880 mg/L and 80 %. Chemical analysis of the culture after treatment of the enriched and non-enriched wastewater showed the crude protein content of the biomass to be 54.6 % and 38.0 %, respectively. This study proved that photosynthetic bacteria could transform complex wastewater that contains recalcitrant organic compounds with a resultant recovery of useful products. 相似文献
18.
A potassium solubilizing bacterial strain designated EGT, which is tolerant of high temperature, was isolated from an earthworm’s gut to obtain a bacterium that can weather potassium-bearing rock effectively through solid-state fermentation. Molecular phylogeny and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated the bacterial strain was a member of the Streptomyces genus. To assess its potential to release potassium from silicate minerals, this strain was used to degrade potassium-bearing rock powder by solid-state fermentation. After fermentation, the amount of water-soluble Al, Fe and K of the substrate with active inoculum was higher than those of the control, which had autoclaved inoculum, and those of the fresh substrate. The result indicated that the strain had the ability to weather potassium-bearing rock and could be used as an inoculum in the production of potassium bio-fertilizer, due to its potassium release activity from rock and tolerance to high temperature. 相似文献