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1.
北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带的同位素年代学及其地质意义 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带位于祁连地块与北祁连俯冲碰撞杂岩带边界 ,长约 80 0km ,走向NWW SEE ,面理向北陡倾 ,中西部宽 5～ 6km ,东部由四条呈帚状撒开的强应变带组成。构造指向及向南东低角度倾伏的拉伸线理揭示出韧性剪切带的右行走滑和转换挤压性质。TIMS法测定的单颗粒锆石U Pb上交点年龄为 96 5～ 95 6Ma ,代表韧性剪切带原岩———基底变质岩的变质时代。糜棱岩中钾长石、黑云母单矿物40 Ar/ 3 9Ar同位素测年结果及与地层和岩浆活动的关系表明韧性剪切带形成于 4 4 0～ 380Ma。北祁连南缘右行韧性走滑剪切带是在祁连加里东造山带形成过程中 ,祁连地块与阿拉善地块间斜向碰撞诱发大规模转换挤压作用的产物。 相似文献
2.
北祁连山俯冲杂岩带的构造演化 总被引：76，自引：2，他引：76
北祁连位位于华北克拉西部阿拉善地块与中祁连－柴达木泛地块之间是我国最具特色的大陆造山带之一。带内发育有震旦纪－中寒武世的裂谷火山岩，晚寒武世－奥陶纪蛇绿岩，中晚奥陶世岛弧火山岩，晚奥陶世弧后拉张盆地火山－沉积岩，志留纪残余海盆相复理石和泥盆纪山间磨粒石等，中间夹两条变质和变形特征不同的加里东期俯冲杂岩带；南带为深层俯冲，北带为浅层俯冲杂岩；这两条杂岩石可能形成于同一俯冲带的不同深度，俯冲杂岩带中岩 相似文献
3.
阿尔金断裂两侧地质体能否对比,是中国西部地质领域里的重大科学问题,长期存在争议。以沉积建造和地质构造为基础,结合古生物和古地磁资料,对比分析早古生代阿尔金断裂两侧地质特点,认为早古生代阿尔金断裂两侧的岩相古地理及其他地质特征都具有很大差别:1）早寒武世塔里木陆块主要是伸展环境,缺少火山活动,祁连地区主要是收缩环境,发育火山活动;中寒武世塔里木北缘深水盆地里普遍出现含磷钒铀沉积,祁连地区主要形成火山岩及蛇绿岩;寒武纪中晚期柴达木北缘出现红色泥岩建造,而塔里木无论是盆地区还是盆地边缘,均缺少这套沉积;奥陶纪,祁连地区继承寒武纪构造特点,塔里木则转化为收缩环境;志留纪,塔里木南北两侧形成弧后扩张盆地,祁连地区俯冲作用基本消失,南祁连形成弧后海相前陆盆地。2）寒武纪至奥陶纪塔里木、柴达木、祁连地区生物分别具有亚—奥生物区、华北生物区和华北与华南型混生特点;中晚志留世塔里木和祁连地区分别为温带和亚热带—温带生物特点。3）寒武纪塔里木、柴达木—中祁连及阿拉善等陆块位于南半球低纬度地区;奥陶纪塔里木明显南移,阿拉善、柴达木徘徊在赤道附近;志留纪到泥盆纪,塔里木北移大于33°,柴达木与阿拉善分别北移约5°和10°;各陆块有明显不同的运动轨迹。4）寒武纪阿尔金地块漂浮于阿尔金洋中,寒武纪晚期开始阿尔金洋向两侧陆块俯冲后消亡。因此,早古生代阿尔金断裂两侧具有完全不同的岩相古地理特征,应当使用不同的思路和方法进行资源勘查。 相似文献
4.
阿尔金—祁连—昆仑造山带早古生代构造格架及结晶岩年代学研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
阿尔金—祁连—昆仑(阿祁昆)造山带早古生代加里东期的构造事件一直是国内外研究的热点,近年来发表了大量的研究成果。本文着重调研了各造山带内构造混杂带的重要组成部分——蛇绿岩、岩浆岩和高压—超高压变质岩的地球化学特征,尤其是同位素年代学资料。蛇绿岩的地球化学特征表明阿尔金—祁连—昆仑地区早古生代的蛇绿岩有MORB和OIB两种类型,其产出于成熟的洋盆、小洋盆或是与消减带有关的弧前或弧后盆地,还有很大的争议。根据大量的同位素年代学资料,阿尔金—祁连—昆仑地区洋盆在晚新元古代开启,寒武纪发育成熟,于中—晚奥陶世开始发生俯冲消减作用,晚志留世—早泥盆世进入碰撞后伸展阶段。再者,通过同位素年代学数据对比,证明北阿尔金与北祁连、南阿尔金与柴达木北缘、西昆仑与东昆仑在早古生代分别为同一条构造带,于新生代期间被活动的阿尔金左行走滑断裂错开了400多千米。 相似文献
5.
北祁连中段加里东俯冲－增生杂岩/火山弧带及其变形特征 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
分布于北祁连造山带中段的加里东期俯冲－增生杂岩／火山弧带可划分为托莱山俯冲杂岩带和走廊南山增生杂岩／火山弧带两个亚带。前者主要由蛇绿岩、蛇绿混杂岩及深海复理石组成，为古祁连洋俯冲作用后期由于岛弧的阻力在浅部刨铲作用的产物；后者由不完整的蛇绿岩透镜体、高压变质岩、弧火山岩及一些变质碎屑岩等组成，反映古祁连洋不断向北俯冲，火山弧前锋南移，增生杂岩不断增厚且在其下部发生板底垫托作用以及海沟不断向南倒退的复杂演化历史。俯冲－增生杂岩在加里东期共经历三期变形作用（Ｄ＿１、Ｄ＿２、Ｄ＿３）。Ｄ＿１、Ｄ＿２为简单剪切变形机制，反映从Ｎ向Ｓ的逆冲方向。Ｄ＿３为压扁型变形机制，代表走廊南山古岛弧与中祁连地块碰撞时的挤压变形。 相似文献
6.
本文展示了中法1995～2000年青藏高原北部地学研究的如下主要新进展：①完成8000km长的青藏高原北部及中部天然地震岩石圈探测剖面，确定若干条岩石圈断裂，发现与新生代火山喷发有关的青藏高原中部深处的低速、低密度体，塔里木地块俯冲于阿尔金山之下；②提出阿尔金断裂形成于220～240Ma和左行平移400km的科学依据及确定其新生代变形量；③确定祁连南缘350km长的高压-超高压变质带，提出其可能代表早古生代时期北中国板块与扬子板块之间西部界限的新认识；④根据加里东期蛇绿岩、花岗岩及俯冲杂岩带的新发现，初步建立了古碰撞造山格架；⑤提出高原隆升的“地幔底辟和内向陆内俯冲”的新假设。 相似文献
7.
原特提斯洋的俯冲、增生及闭合:阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘造山系早古生代增生/碰撞造山作用 总被引：20，自引：18，他引：2
分布在青藏高原北缘的阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘早古生代造山系被认为是原特提斯构造域最北部的构造拼合体。与其北侧具有长期增生历史的中亚造山系相比,特提斯造山拼合体被认为是各种来自冈瓦纳大陆北部大陆块体相互碰撞的产物。然而,与典型的阿尔卑斯和喜马拉雅碰撞造山带相比,阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘早古生代造山系包括有大量蛇绿岩、弧岩浆杂岩、俯冲-增生杂岩等,因此一些学者认为青藏高原北部的早古生代造山系为沿塔里木和华北克拉通边界向南逐渐增生的增生型造山带。但是,增生造山模式又很难解释南阿尔金-柴北缘地区普遍存在的与大陆俯冲有关的UHP变质岩、广泛分布的巴罗式变质作用和相关的岩浆作用,以及与碰撞造山有关的变形构造等。在本文中,通过对已有研究资料的综合总结,结合一些新的研究资料,我们提出在青藏高原东北缘的阿尔金-祁连-柴北缘造山系中,早古生代时期存在两种不同类型的造山作用,即增生和碰撞造山作用,其主要标志是北祁连-北阿尔金的HP/LT变质带、蛇绿混杂岩及与洋壳俯冲有关的构造岩浆作用,以及分布在柴北缘-南阿尔金与大陆俯冲和陆陆碰撞有关的UHP变质带、区域巴罗式变质作用、深熔作用、相关的岩浆活动及伸展垮塌作用等,并建立了一个反映原特提斯洋俯冲、增生、闭合及碰撞造山作用的构造模式。 相似文献
8.
古阿尔金断裂的岩石构造依据及意义 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
本文把元古宙阿尔金断裂称为古阿尔金断裂,以区别于第三纪以来左旋剪切的阿尔金断裂,古阿尔金断裂具有右旋剪切的运动学特点,规模大,至少影响到地壳中部层次,并伴有同剪切就位的伟晶岩体,由于塔里木地块与华北陆台之间的汇聚碰撞在时间上晚于柴达木地块与华北陆台之间的汇聚碰撞,所以古阿尔金断裂是在新元古代超大陆汇聚过程中,塔里木地块相对于柴达木地块大规模尔移在地块边界走滑剪切的产物。 相似文献
9.
两条不同类型的HP/LT和UHP变质带对祁连-阿尔金早古生代造山作用的制约 总被引：13，自引：9，他引：4
在祁连-阿尔金造山带的南北两侧,分别出露有北祁连-北阿尔金HP/LT变质带和柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带。北祁连-北阿尔金HP/LT变质带主要由蓝片岩、低温榴辉岩和高压变沉积岩所组成,榴辉岩形成的温压条件为420～570℃和2.0～2.5GPa,形成时代为510～440Ma。含硬柱石榴辉岩和含纤柱石高压变沉积岩的存在显示洋壳俯冲把大量水带到地幔深处。与HP/LT变质带伴生的早古生代蛇绿岩、俯冲增生杂岩、岛弧、弧后盆地等显示北祁连-北阿尔金为典型的早古生代增生造山带。柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带由榴辉岩、石榴橄榄岩、高压麻粒岩及具有陆壳性质的正副片麻岩所组成,它们遭受了超高压变质作用(T700℃,P2.8GPa),UHP变质时代为500～420Ma,榴辉岩的原岩时代为750～850Ma,形成于新元古代的大陆裂谷环境。野外地质关系、岩石学及年代学研究显示柴北缘-南阿尔金HP-UHP变质带为大陆深俯冲作用的产物。在柴北缘-南阿尔金UHP变质带中,超高压榴辉岩和高压麻粒岩同时形成在不同的构造热环境中,构成大陆俯冲及碰撞造山带中的"双变质带",同时也显示柴北缘-南阿尔金造山带具有典型碰撞造山带的特征。祁连-阿尔金造山带南北两侧几乎同时发生增生造山作用和碰撞造山作用,构成由不同造山类型所组成的复合造山带。南北两侧的HP/LT变质带和UHP变质带以及可能存在的不同类型双变质带制约了祁连-阿尔金造山带早古生代的造山性质、造山类型以及造山机制。 相似文献
10.
本文探讨了祁连山地壳增厚与造山机制。提出新生代以来,由于印度地块向北推进,其延迟的远程效应使祁连地块内4条断裂再次活动,特别是23 Ma以来,分阶段的活动使上地壳缩短了30%,40 km厚的祁连地壳增加到57km厚;并通过柴达木地块下地壳物质的挤入,使祁连地块地壳厚度增加到现今的60~74 km;地壳质量基本平衡表明其下部地壳物质横向迁移较小,即走滑断裂带走的地壳物质较少。依据INDEPTH-V新的宽频地震调查成果,提出祁连地块下岩石圈地幔的复杂结构,南部来的昆仑岩石圈地幔(双层结构)与北部向南俯冲的阿拉善地块下的亚洲岩石圈地幔在祁连地块深部相碰撞,而柴达木—祁连岩石圈地幔则被保存在昆仑岩石圈与亚洲岩石圈地幔碰撞带之上,共形成一倒三角汇聚区;在柴北缘与中祁连北缘岩石圈地幔各出现一条北倾和南倾的正转换震相,可能是老俯冲带残存岩片的显示;在祁连地块岩石圈地幔的两端地壳底部还出现有"双"莫霍"现象",地表见有多条榴辉岩带。以上结果构成了高原最具特色的构造区。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
14.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献