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原油在储层介质中的加水裂解生气模拟实验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用高温高压热模拟实验方法,开展了原油在砂岩和火成岩储层介质中的加水裂解生气模拟实验研究.结果表明,原油开始大量裂解的温度是400℃,随模拟温度增加,甲烷相对含量增大,乙烷以上重烃气尤其是丙烷相对含量减小.其中砂岩的油水混合物裂解生气主要发生在450～500℃之间,生气窗范围小,对应的烃气产率高,火成岩的油水混合物裂解生气主要发生在450～600℃之间,生气窗范围大,对应的烃气产率小.模拟烃气的组分碳同位素分馏显著,随模拟温度增加呈变重趋势.在裂解生气过程中,水解加氢和催化作用对烃气的组成、产率和碳同位素分布有重要影响. 相似文献
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原油在储层介质中的加水裂解生气模拟实验 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
采用高温高压热模拟实验方法,开展了原油在砂岩和火成岩储层介质中的加水裂解生气模拟实验研究.结果表明,原油开始大量裂解的温度是400℃,随模拟温度增加,甲烷相对含量增大,乙烷以上重烃气尤其是丙烷相对含量减小.其中砂岩的油水混合物裂解生气主要发生在450～500℃之间,生气窗范围小,对应的烃气产率高,火成岩的油水混合物裂解生气主要发生在450～600℃之间,生气窗范围大,对应的烃气产率小.模拟烃气的组分碳同位素分馏显著,随模拟温度增加呈变重趋势.在裂解生气过程中,水解加氢和催化作用对烃气的组成、产率和碳同位素分布有重要影响。 相似文献
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《地球化学》2017,(3)
利用3种有机质类型的海相烃源岩,分别在温压共控模拟和常规高压釜模拟两种温压体系下开展生烃模拟实验。在系统对比两种模拟方式产物产率、有机地球化学特征基础之上,分析了静岩压力和流体压力、水的性质与相态对烃源岩生烃过程与生烃机理的影响,探讨了实验结果在深层油气勘探中的地质意义。实验结果对比表明,高静岩压力和流体压力以及高温压缩态水的存在对有机质生烃演化具有明显控制作用,主要表现在以下几点:(1)有机质镜质组反射率受到"抑制",成熟阶段原油生成被延迟,高过成熟阶段延缓原油向烃气转化;(2)原油和原油裂解气产率增加,干酪根裂解烃气、CO_2和H_2非烃气产率降低;(3)原油产物中非烃和沥青质组分含量增加,烃气产物干燥系数相对较低、碳同位素值更偏负;(4)促进了干酪根"解聚型"生成油气方式的发生,抑制了"官能团脱除型"生成油气方式的发生。实验结果为深层油气资源评价、勘探深度下限厘定、烃类相态预测提供了有价值的信息。 相似文献
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东营凹陷民丰地区天然气生成机理与化学动力学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
民丰地区天然气存在源岩热解和原油裂解成因的争议。本文采用高压釜封闭体系对该区烃源岩和原油样品分别进行了热模拟实验,从烃类气体生成过程、气态烃与部分单体烃生成动力学特征讨论了二者的生气机理,认为原油裂解比源岩热解生气活化能高30～40 kJ/mol,原油比源岩生气需要更高的热力学条件。模拟实验证实,成熟阶段源岩热解气与原油裂解气相比,以环烷烃和芳烃相对含量低为特征,与民丰地区产出的天然气组成更接近,据此认为该区天然气主要为源岩热解成因。 相似文献
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松辽盆地北部深层凝析油及油型气的成因研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
松辽盆地北部深层发现的凝析油及油型气扩大了油田的勘探潜力.应用单体烃碳同位素、生物标志化合物等分析技术,结合地质背景对凝析油、天然气和固体沥青进行的地球化学研究表明:深层凝析油包括煤成凝析油和泥质烃源岩形成的凝析油,前者芳烃含量高、单体烃碳同位素重,后者饱和烃含量高、单体烃碳同位素轻,生物标志化合物对比,二者均来自于沙河子组烃源岩;油型气甲烷碳同位素轻,一般小于-45‰,且甲烷与乙烷之间碳同位素分馏明显,属原油裂解成气特征,油型气与煤型气混合可能是深层天然气碳同位素系列倒转的重要原因之一;火山岩储层中的固体沥青有机地球化学分析,有机碳含量0.08%～0.16%,氢指数49～297 mg/g,Ro大约为1.87%,表征固体沥青现今的成烃潜力较小,原油向天然气转化主要发生在高成熟阶段的晚期,对应的地质年代大约是嫩江组-明水组沉积末(80～65 Ma).原油向天然气转化的事实启示,深层天然气勘探要兼顾古油藏的研究. 相似文献
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Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生气增压定量评价是一个复杂过程, 因为Ⅲ型干酪根以生气为主的同时伴生少量的油生成, 而且在达到一定的温度条件下原油还将逐渐裂解成天然气.在考虑烃源岩生烃过程中天然气的渗漏和排出、氢指数对生烃量的影响、原油裂解成气、生烃作用产生的超压对孔隙水, 油和干酪根的压缩作用、天然气在孔隙水和石油中的溶解作用等因素的基础上建立了Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生烃增压定量评价模型, 并对模型参数进行敏感性分析.Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生气增压受到烃源岩孔隙度、成熟度、有机质丰度、天然气残留系数等多种参数的影响.有机碳含量、氢指数和天然气残留系数3个参数中以氢指数对Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生烃增压产生的影响最大, 天然气残留系数影响最小.天然气残留系数只要大于0.2就可以产生超压, 表明保存条件不是Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩形成生烃增压最主要的控制因素. 相似文献
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深层海相天然气成因与塔里木盆地古生界油裂解气资源 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
我国海相地层时代老,演化程度偏高,高过成熟干酪根热降解生气潜力有限。针对深层海相天然气成因,提出了有机质接力成气机理,具体包含3方面涵义,生气母质的转换、生气时机的接替和气源灶的变迁。源内分散液态烃型气源灶继承了原生气源灶的特征,而源外分散和聚集型液态烃气源灶与原生气源灶相比,则发生了空间上的迁移。上述三部分液态烃在高—过成熟阶段均可裂解成气,但后者通常埋藏较前者浅,裂解成气的时机晚于前者,有利于晚期成藏。通过不同有机质丰度、不同岩性烃源岩生排烃模拟实验研究,建立了不同有机质丰度烃源岩的排油率图版,为源内、源外分散液态烃分配比例和数量研究提供了依据;从3个方面,生烃潜力评价指标S1、热成因沥青和储层的荧光特征,论证了塔里木盆地古生界地层中分散可溶有机质的数量、分布、裂解程度,肯定了塔里木盆地古生界海相烃源岩有机质接力成气的现实性;并用正演研究思路计算了塔里木盆地中下寒武统分散可溶有机质裂解成气数量。有机质接力成气机理的应用大大提高了塔里木盆地台盆区古生界找气的潜力和希望。 相似文献
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Wang Yunpeng Zhao Changyi Wang Zhaoyun Wang Hongjun Zou Yanrong Liu Jinzhong Zhao Wenzhi Liu Dehan Lu Jialan 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):197-205
This paper probes the determination of the main gas-generation phase of marine organic mattes using the kinetic method. The main gas-generation phase of marine organic matters was determined by coupling the gas generation yields and rates in geological history computed by the acquired kinetic parameters of typical marine organic matters （reservoir oil, residual bitumen, lowmaturity kerogen and residual kerogen） in both China and abroad and maturity by the EasyRo（%） method. Here, the main gas-generation phase was determined as Ro%=1.4%-2.4% for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.0% for low-maturity type Ⅱ kerogen, Ro%=1.4-2.8% for residual kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.2% for residual bitumen and Ro%=1.6-3.2% for reservoir oil cracking. The influences on the main gas-generation phase from the openness of the simulated system and the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation are also discussed. The results indicate that the openness of simulation system has a definite influence on computing the main gas-generation phase. The main gas-generation phase of type Ⅱ kerogen is Ro%=1.4-3.1% in an open system, which is earlier than that in a closed system. According to our results, the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation is determined as Ro=3.5 % for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro=4.4-4.5% for type Ⅱ kerogen and Ro=4.6% for marine oil. Preliminary applications are presented taking the southwestern Tarim Basin as an example. 相似文献
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The Athabasca oil sand bitumen, and its major component fractions, have been heated with and without added montmorillonite to simulate natural geological diagenesis. The products of the treatment of the whole bitumen were found to be essentially the sum of the products of the treatment of the component parts. The saturated hydrocarbon fraction underwent little change, with only minor cracking apparent. Some cracking and polymerization of the aromatic hydrocarbon fraction was noted. Geochemical analysis of these products indicated that the simulation had caused a continuation of the normal petroleum maturation sequence towards coke and gas. Treatment of the polar fraction and asphaltenes caused a continuation of the maturation sequence towards a ‘crude oil’, further treatment of which continued towards coke and gas. Geochemical examination of this ‘crude oil’ yielded information on the past history of the bitumen from the time of asphaltene formation. The geochemical evidence indicates that the Athabasca bitumen may have originated in an unusual marine environment, and that the maturation and exodus from its source rock differed from that of conventional crude oils. The overall results indicate that, except for the maturation of the polar and asphaltene fractions, the bio-degradation of a crude oil is not reversible by diagenetic means. 相似文献
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Lingyun Pang Xiangchun Chang Mingzhen Wang Xinghe Yu Lixin Ma Yunge Duan 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(3):308-313
The Yingjisu Sag was petroliferous for normal oil, condensate oil, reservoir bitumen and natural gases. Geochemical studies
showed that natural gases in the Yingjisu Sag were a gas mixture consisting mainly of Cambrian pyrolysis gas, Jurassic condensate
oil in well Yingnan 2 and normal oil in well Tadong 2, reflecting the characteristics of marine-phase gases and oils, while
crude oils in well Longkou 1 demonstrated the characteristics of both marine and terrestrial oils, which were derived from
lower algae and higher plants. Jurassic oils from wells Longkou 1 and Huayingcan 1 and Cambrian crude oils from well Tadong
2 were derived mainly from Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks. Jurassic and Silurian reservoir bitumens from well Yingnan
2 were biodegradated, suggesting they are of marine and terrestrial origins. The bitumens have similar geochemical characteristics,
which are correlated well with Ordovician crude oils from well Tadong 2 and Jurassic condensate oil from well Yingnan 2. Based
on the characteristics of tectonic evolution in this area and the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation, the constraints on
the mixed source and hydrocarbon filling process in the Yingjisu Sag were brought forward. 相似文献
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《China Geology》2020,3(4):511-523
Natural gas hydrate, oil and gas were all found together in the Qilian Mountain permafrost area, northeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. They are closely associated with each other in space, but whether they are in any genetic relations are unknown yet. In this paper, a hydrocarbon gas-generation series, gas-fluid migration series and hydrocarbon gas-accumulation series are analyzed to probe the spatial, temporal and genetic relationships among natural natural gas hydrate, oil and gas. The subsequent results show that natural gas hydrate, oil and gas actually form a natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system. Based on the Middle Jurassic and the Upper Triassic hydrocarbon gas-generation series, it is divided into four major sub-systems in the study area: (1) A conventional Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system with peak hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (2) a conventional Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system with low to mature hydrocarbon gas-generation in the late Middle Jurassic; (3) a natural gas hydrate sub-system with main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system and minor gas source from the Middle Jurassic oil-bearing sub-system as well as little gas source from the Middle Jurassic coal-bed gas and the microbial gas; (4) a shallower gas sub-system with microbial alteration of the main gas source from the Upper Triassic gas-bearing sub-system. This natural gas hydrate-oil-gas system and its sub-systems are not only theoretical but also practical, and thus they will play an important role in the further exploration of natural gas hydrate, oil and gas, even other energy resources in the study area. 相似文献
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Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays. 相似文献
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新疆三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷牛圈湖构造带马25井石炭系火山岩储层中发现了原油和固体沥青共存,通过储层多级分离抽提和原油地球化学分析,并对这些原油(或固体沥青)的形成过程与其勘探意义进行了研究,结果表明这些原油和沥青可能主要来自下石炭统烃源岩,具有较低姥植比和伽玛蜡烷含量、高丰度三环萜、高Ts/Tm比值和重族组分碳同位素(δ13C-28.0‰)特征;现今油藏原油富含生物降解标志物(25-降藿烷),同时却无明显其它生物降解特征(正构烷烃、甾藿烷等保存完整),反映多期充注特征,即二叠纪中晚期成藏后遭受生物降解,白垩纪后期又再次充注形成;下石炭系有效烃源岩的存在预示着本区具有深部下石炭统源岩贡献的油气藏勘探前景。 相似文献
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早古生代海相烃源岩成熟度的有机岩石学评价方法 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文应用有机岩石化学方法通过对塔里木盆地早古生代典型烃源岩研究,建立起了应用沥青反射率、微粒体反射率、动物壳属体反射率及海相镜质体反射率评价烃岩成熟度的综合标准。 相似文献
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中国海相油气地质理论新进展 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
近年来中国海相油气勘探呈现出快速发展势头,一批大型海相油气田被发现,海相油气的地位也愈来愈受到重视。特别是在海相石油地质新理论的指导下,海相油气勘探将进入高速发展时期,这也将会极大缓解东部陆相盆地老油区的勘探开发压力。海相石油地质新理论包括三个方面:在成烃方面,研究认为中国海相不缺乏高有机质丰度的泥质烃源岩,纯碳酸盐岩生烃能力有限;深埋高温下原油裂解成气和高演化阶段的海陆过渡相煤系烃源岩是海相天然气的主力气源;在低地温梯度和晚期深埋条件下,原油的稳定性较高,塔里木盆地液相石油可以赋存在9000m以上的储集层中,因此,塔里木盆地深层石油的勘探潜力很大。在储层方面,TSR溶蚀改造储层在深部更强烈、层间岩溶和顺层岩溶不受埋深限制或影响不明显,将解放深部碳酸盐岩的勘探。在油气成藏方面,大面积、准层状、连续型、缝洞型等油气富集模式的提出,拓展油气勘探的范围、降低了勘探成本;一批古老油藏的发现,提高了在构造复杂区寻找原生型海相油藏的信心。研究认为,近期海相勘探,围绕隆起斜坡部位勘探为主,主体勘探深度可以下移至9000m。 相似文献
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Molecular geochemical properties of crude oils and surface petroleum seeps from the southern part of the Gulf of Suez were evaluated. The characterizations of individual aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker compounds were based on gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses. The results provided strong evidence for a close genetic association of these samples. The geochemical characteristics suggest an origin from Tertiary source rocks deposited in a normal marine environment that received continental runoff. The molecular signatures of the investigated samples were very similar to those of the Lower Miocene Rudeis Formation source rock in the southern Gulf of Suez. Further, biomarker fingerprints of the investigated oil seeps were compared with those of the Dead Sea asphalt, as well as the bitumen from some Egyptian mummies reported in the literature. The results demonstrate that oil seeps from the southern end of Gebel El Zeit were used by ancient Egyptians for embalming. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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原生油藏调整过程的有机地球化学与岩石学证据——由乡3井看哈得逊油田的调整机制 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
塔里木盆地发育多期构造旋回,新构造运动活跃,呈现多期成藏晚期为主的特点,因此海相调整型油气藏成为塔里木盆地油气勘探的重要领域。为了研究调整型油气藏的成藏规律和机理,定量评价油气调整规模,以哈得逊油田为例开展了储层沥青反射率、生物标记化合物、包裹体和伊利石等方面的研究,表明曾有两期油到达过东河砂岩。根据两大关键时期古构造演化和圈闭发育史建立了哈得逊"两期充注,晚期调整"的油气成藏模式,晚期形成的圈闭与原生油藏的构造关系是调整型油气藏聚集的主控因素。针对原生油藏乡3构造,通过系统选取东河砂岩和奥陶系良里塔格组的储层样品,经过连续抽的前处理区分出古油藏和现今油藏的抽提物,并进行了三维荧光强度扫描,定量评价出乡3构造奥陶系古油柱高度调整了20m左右,指示了原生油藏调整规模不容忽视,具有形成次生调整型油气藏的较大潜力。 相似文献