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1.
华北克拉通由于新元古代早期构造-岩浆活动的地质记录较少,制约了对其新元古代时期构造演化的认识。本文对内蒙古中部固阳地区侵位于渣尔泰群阿古鲁沟组中3个变辉长岩岩床样品进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学测试,显示其侵位年龄为-925 Ma,表明华北克拉通北缘存在新元古代早期的岩浆活动。该岩床与同时期华北克拉通中部-925 Ma的基性岩墙群(大石沟岩墙)和东南部945-890 Ma的基性岩床群(徐淮-辽东-沙里院岩床)具有相似的岩石地球化学特征和重叠的Nd同位素组成,表明其可能是新元古代早期华北克拉通中—东部发育的大规模基性岩浆活动事件在克拉通北缘的响应,但其规模相对华北克拉通东南缘明显较小。华北克拉通北缘新元古代早期基性岩浆活动的发现,为深入了解华北克拉通北缘新元古代构造演化及其与罗迪尼亚超大陆的关系提供了重要线索。 相似文献
2.
吕梁运动(1.90~1.70 Ga)长久以来被认为是华北克拉通最终稳定固结的造山运动.事实上, 在古元古代末期华北克拉通以伸展-裂解构造为主, 表现为拗拉谷系发育、非造山岩浆活动(环斑花岗岩、斜长岩、辉长岩、花岗岩类及伟晶岩脉等)、大规模基性岩墙群侵位以及早期变质基底隆升或退变质构造热事件等.对已有的大量同位素年代学资料分析后证明, 这一时期的岩浆侵位与基底构造-热事件在时间上的分布具有多峰式特点, 克拉通基底隆升退变质事件滞后于岩浆侵位, 明显区别于造山带普遍记录的构造变形-变质-岩浆侵位的事件序列.古元古代末期构造格局的重新认识, 为我国克拉通在元古代超大陆中的再造模式提供了最基本的制约条件. 相似文献
3.
古元古代是华北克拉通形成过程中重要的造山构造演化阶段，该阶段形成的基性岩墙群，为深入理解裂解-俯冲-碰撞-抬升的造山构造-岩浆过程提供了重要信息.本文报道了天镇-怀安地区广泛分布于新太古代-古元古代变质基底中的变质基性岩墙（二辉麻粒岩），野外产状与区域主期构造面理协调一致，主要由单斜辉石、斜方辉石、斜长石和少量角闪石组成.LA-MC-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素定年获得变质基性岩墙的变质年龄为1 820~1 834 Ma，与区内麻粒岩相变质事件一致，结合区域基性岩墙年龄记录，推测其原岩形成年龄为1.95~1.91 Ga.根据岩石地球化学特征可将变质基性岩墙划分为高Mg低Ti型和低Mg高Ti型两类，两者经历了不同程度的橄榄石、单斜辉石和斜长石的分离结晶.两类基性岩墙均亏损高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr和Hf），结合锆石Hf同位素分析，研究表明基性岩墙来源于俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔或者受到过地壳物质的混染.华北克拉通古元古代存在2.16~2.04 Ga和1.97~1.83 Ga两期基性岩墙侵位事件:早期代表在初始克拉通基础上发生的板内裂解过程，晚期记录了由俯冲碰撞到伸展的转换过程，即碰撞造山构造体制由水平挤压转变为垂向抬升，构造转换时限大致介于1.95~1.91 Ga. 相似文献
4.
以幔源岩浆侵位为标志的岩墙群是伸展作用的产物。根据同位素年龄测定 ,华北克拉通北缘晋冀蒙交界地区基性岩墙群可分为 :180 0～ 170 0 Ma,80 0～ 70 0 Ma,2 30 Ma,14 0～ 12 0 Ma,5 0～ 4 0 Ma五个年龄组。本文通过这五组岩墙群的地质、岩石及同位素地球化学特征的研究 ,探讨本地区地幔物质组分随时间的演变规律 ;并将本地区出现的五期伸展作用与华北克拉通乃至全球同期的重要构造事件进行对照。 相似文献
5.
《岩石学报》2017,(6)
本研究共涉及来自太行山和郯庐断裂岩浆带的12组基性岩墙群,岩墙群具体出露于河北省、山西省、山东省和安徽省。研究中给出了新的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素基性岩墙测试数据。基性岩墙形成于128.1±1.2Ma与115.0±0.8Ma之间,且具有典型的辉绿结构。另外,基性岩墙富集轻稀土元素(LREE)、个别大离子亲石元素(如,Rb、Ba、Sr)、Pb和Th,亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,具有高的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.7056~0.7105),负的εNd(t)(-15.5~-12.4)、相对一致的初始Pb同位素比值(206Pb/204Pb=16.45~16.49、207Pb/204Pb=15.44~15.51、208Pb/204Pb=36.49~36.53)及较大的Nd模式年龄(tNd DM2=1.82~2.69Ga)。研究结果表明,基性岩墙来自石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区(类似EM1)一定程度的(1.0%~5.0%)部分熔融,岩浆侵位前经历了橄榄石、单斜辉石和角闪石的分离结晶作用,同时受到少量地壳混染的影响。目前,关于华北克拉通破坏和中生代岩浆作用的成因已有较多可能模式,本研究基性岩墙成因的新模式:古太平洋板块与华北克拉通的持续碰撞,导致华北克拉通岩石圈(地幔和地壳)加厚,并发生可能的榴辉岩化,并在一定时间发生拆沉作用。在新模式的制约下,导致了研究区中生代基性岩墙的产生和侵位。 相似文献
6.
华北克拉通中部造山带上广泛发育新太古代-古元古代的基性岩墙。本文选取出露于华北南缘太古代太华群花岗片麻岩中的基性麻粒岩脉体进行研究,进而探讨了克拉通南缘太古代地体所经历的构造-岩浆-变质事件以及其后期演化过程。通过对基性麻粒岩脉体的野外地质、岩石学、锆石的U-Pb年代学、锆石O及Hf同位素地球化学的研究,显示该脉体记录有3期明显的构造-岩浆-变质事件:(1)新太古代晚期岩浆侵位事件(2523±8Ma)。岩浆锆石正的εHf(t)值(2.88~7.16)显示该基性岩脉是由亏损幔源玄武质岩浆侵位于太古代基底而形成的,结合锆石略高于正常地幔的δ18O值(6.12‰~7.47‰)说明岩浆侵位后受地壳混染并不显著。该岩浆事件与华北克拉通新太古代(~2.5Ga)广泛存在的地壳再造和少量的地壳增生事件吻合;(2)古元古代变质作用(1922±6Ma)。麻粒岩中变质锆石纪录的古元古代变质作用事件与华北克拉通中部造山带普遍遭受变质作用的时期(1.85~1.97Ga)相一致。锆石正的εHf(t)值(1.61~5.52)说明变质作用过程中Hf同位素体系保持封闭,因此其Hf同位素组成继承了原岩幔源岩浆的组成。而略低于岩浆锆石的δ18O值(4.85‰~5.76‰)可能是由变质作用过程中发生的高温热液蚀变导致的;(3)渐新世岩浆活动(31.38±0.15Ma),该期岩浆作用在华北克拉通属首次发现。麻粒岩中部分岩浆锆石给出了非常好的谐和年龄,这些锆石的εHf(t)值(-3.03~1.69)集中分布于原始地幔岩浆库(CHUR)演化线之上,且具有非常接近于原始地幔的δ18O值(5.78‰~6.62‰),表明该基性岩脉所记录的渐新世岩浆活动也来源于地幔。结合已有研究成果,我们认为华北南缘太华群基性脉体形成于新太古代晚期,侵位于早先的太古代地体之中,并随同古老基底一起俯冲至下地壳深度发生了麻粒岩相的变质作用,不久又一同被抬升至发生角闪岩相退变质,后又经历了渐新世的幔源岩浆活动的扰动,抬升至地表的地质演化过程。 相似文献
7.
泰山地区古元古代末期基性岩墙形成时代厘定——斜锆石U-Pb精确定年 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
华北克拉通经过吕梁运动在～1.85Ga完成克拉通化,之后从1.80Ga至1.32Ga发育大量标志哥伦比亚超级大陆裂解的地质记录。本文利用高精度热电离质谱法(ID-TIMS)和离子探针质谱法(SIMS),对发育于泰山红门景区的辉长辉绿岩墙进行了斜锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得了在误差范围内一致的辉长辉绿岩侵位年龄1621.1±8.8Ma(ID-TIMS)和1632.4±4.2Ma(SIMS)。该研究成果修正了前人对泰山红门景区辉长辉绿岩侵位年龄的模糊认识,证明了红门景区辉长辉绿岩是与华北克拉通南缘龙王碱性花岗岩、华北克拉通北缘大红峪期碱性火山岩和岩床同期的岩浆事件的产物,是哥伦比亚超级大陆初始裂解作用在华北克拉通的岩浆作用响应。 相似文献
8.
华北克拉通中部古元古代高Mg低Ti-P镁铁质岩墙的富集地幔源区——锆石Hf同位素的制约 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
华北克拉通中部是古元古代岩墙群最为发育的地区。以镁铁质成分为主的岩墙群可以分为变质的和不变质的两类。不变质岩墙群是在1780～1760Ma之间大约20Ma时间内形成的,是华北克拉通古元古代最晚期铗铁质岩浆活动的产物。不变质岩墙又可以细分成高Mg-Ti低P、低Mg高Ti-P和高Mg低Ti-P等3组。本文报道了采自丰镇附近高Mg低Ti-P岩墙样品的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成分析结果。新获得的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为1769±4Ma,与其它不变质岩墙的锆石、斜锆石U-Pb年龄和~(40)At/~(39)Ar年龄的范围相同。高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值的变化范围在-6.4～ 0.4之间,平均值为-2.2,略高于时代相近的花岗质岩石。由于镁铁质岩浆在上升、侵位和结晶过程中几乎没有受到地壳物质混染,因而锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值可以代表镁铁质岩浆的富集的岩石圈地幔源区的特征。文献资料显示,高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的岩石圈地幔源区的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr初始比值为0.7040～0.7050,平均值为0.7046,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-5.6～-2.8,平均值为-4.4。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原南羌塘基性岩墙群U-Pb和Sm-Nd同位素定年及构造意义 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
羌塘地区是青藏高原古特提斯研究的关键地区,羌塘南部地区基性岩墙群的侵位时代与构造背景对确定古特提斯阶段联合古陆解体的具体时间和青藏高原构造演化有重要意义。选择单颗粒锆石U-Pb法和全岩Sm-Nd等时线法对基性岩墙进行定年研究,获得了(312±4)Ma单颗锆石U—Pb谐合线年龄和(299±13)Ma和(314±5)Ma两个Sm-Nd全岩等时年龄。结合区域地质资料研究认为,基性岩墙群为羌塘地块裂离作用的产物,所获得的同位素年龄代表了基性岩墙群的侵位时间,为羌塘地块裂解提供了构造事件年龄,为重塑龙木错—双湖古特提斯洋盆的形成演化过程提供了重要信息。 相似文献
10.
华北克拉通中部是古元古代岩墙群最为发育的地区.以镁铁质成分为主的岩墙群可以分为变质的和不变质的两类.不变质岩墙群是在1780～1760 Ma之间大约20 Ma时间内形成的,是华北克拉通古元古代最晚期镁铁质岩浆活动的产物.不变质岩墙又可以细分成高Mg-Ti低P、低Mg高Ti-P和高Mg低Ti-P等3组.本文报道了采自丰镇附近高Mg低Ti-P岩墙样品的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成分析结果.新获得的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为1769±4 Ma,与其它不变质岩墙的锆石、斜锆石U-Pb年龄和^40Ar/^39Ar年龄的范围相同.高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的锆石εHf（t）值的变化范围在-6.4～＋0.4之间,平均值为-2.2,略高于时代相近的花岗质岩石.由于镁铁质岩浆在上升、侵位和结晶过程中几乎没有受到地壳物质混染,因而锆石εHf（t）值可以代表镁铁质岩浆的富集的岩石圈地幔源区的特征.文献资料显示,高Mg低Ti-P岩墙的岩石圈地幔源区的87Sr/86Sr初始比值为0.7040～0.7050,平均值为0.7046,εNd（t）值为-5.6～-2.8,平均值为-4.4. 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上，进行了稳定性数值模拟分析，定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明：该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成，对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害，必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献