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1.
黄河下游山东段沿岸土壤中重金属元素异常的成因   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
山东省多目标区域地球化学调查发现,沿黄河两岸分布有As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni等重金属元素异常,这类异常衬度不大,并多沿河呈不连续分布。研究结果表明,异常区土壤重金属元素的含量与SiO2、Al2O3Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性,多数微量重金属元素随SiO2含量的增加而降低,随Al2O3Fe2O3含量的增加而增加。根据常量组分与土壤质地的密切关系可以推断。土壤质地对重金属元素异常的形成具明显的控制作用。  相似文献   

2.
通过对平阴县周边及其西部农田区采样调查,平阴县周边元素异常具有异常衬度较高,富集系数大等特征,西部农田区异常具有各元素套合关系好,多数异常衬度不高,富集系数小的特点。结果表明,西部农田区异常是以As,Cd为主要成分的异常,元素含量与SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性,随SiO2含量的增加而降低,随Al2O3,Fe2O3含量的增加而增加,说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素;而平阴城区异常是以S,Hg,As,Zn,Mn等元素为主的异常,是典型的人为综合因素(化工烟尘、工厂污水、生活垃圾)产生的异常。  相似文献   

3.
山东省平阴县土壤中重金属元素异常成因   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为改善平阴县生态环境,为农业区划、环境保护和地方病防治等领域提供全新的地球化学资料和科学依据,开展了平阴县生态地球化学调查。调查发现,平阴县周边及其西部农田区有As、N i、Cd、Cr、F、Cu、Mn、S、Hg等以重金属为主的元素异常,平阴县周边元素异常具有异常衬度较高、富集系数大等特征,西部农田区异常具有各元素套合关系好、多数异常衬度不高、富集系数小的特点。研究结果表明,西部农田区异常以As、Cd为主要成分,元素含量与S iO2,A l2O3,Fe2O3等常量组分间具有显著的相关性,随S iO2含量的增加而降低,随A l2O3,Fe2O3含量的增加而增加,说明土壤常量组分及其所决定的土壤质地是导致异常形成的主要因素;而平阴城区异常以S、Hg、As、Zn、Mn等元素为主,是典型的受人类综合污染而产生的异常。  相似文献   

4.
刘亮  张杰  张杰琼  等 《江苏地质》2021,45(1):21-28
采集四川旺苍化龙乡10个垂向剖面分层样100件,对其中的SiO2、Fe2O3、Cr、Cd、Ge、Se等27个组分进行测定。通过不同类型土壤层元素平均值、富集系数、变异系数的分析,对元素的分布、迁移规律、来源等进行探讨。结果显示:与表层土壤背景值相比,Mo、As含量偏高而强富集,F、Ge富集,SiO2、Fe2O3、Cr、Cd、B、Ga、P呈高背景分布,P2O5、S、Ni、Se呈地球化学亏损分布,其余元素呈低背景分布;Cd(Cv=2.33)及As(Cv=2.85)呈强分异,其他元素在垂向剖面上呈均匀—较均匀分布;P2O5、S、B、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Hg、Se的平均含量随深度增加不断减小,SiO2、Fe2O3、Cr、Ga等基本没有变化,F、Mn随深度增加先升高后降低,Ge随深度增加先降低后升高。研究区具有适合茶叶种植的富Ge土壤。  相似文献   

5.
青海民和-海石湾一带土壤重金属异常成因研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
青海省多目标区域地球化学调查发现,民和-海石湾一带的狭长谷地沿109国道两侧分布的土壤中存在以Cd、Pb、Hg、Cr等重金属元素为主组成的综合异常。空间上各异常元素套合较好,而且综合异常面积较大,异常元素衬度较高。经相关分析,Cr元素与土壤常量组分显著相关,与SiO2含量呈负相关关系,同时,Cr元素水平剖面上城区含量明显高于其他地方,垂向剖面上呈现元素表层略微富集的现象;Cd与有机碳之间存在显著性相关关系,与TFe2O3不存在显著性相关关系;Pb元素在80 cm以上的土壤中,异常区土壤中的含量明显高于非异常区,Pb异常基本存在于表层土壤中;Hg元素含量表层富集明显,城区土壤中的Hg含量远高于其他地方。研究结果表明,人为源输入是导致该地区Cd、Pb、Hg异常的主要因素,而Cr元素异常的形成具有双成因性质,在较高自然背景上产生了人为源叠加。因此,加强异常区工业"三废"的控制和管理,是防止异常面积扩大的有效措施。  相似文献   

6.
基于福建省龙海市4类典型成土母质的垂向土壤剖面样品分析数据,研究了常量组分和微量元素含量及剖面分布特征。结果表明:研究区在温暖湿润气候条件下,化学风化作用强烈,Ca、Mg、Na、Si、K淋失贫化,含量明显低于全国均值,Al、Fe则相对富集,风化淋溶系数(ba)和硅铝铁率(Saf)值远低于全国土壤,土壤风化程度达到脱硅富铝铁阶段,花岗岩类成土母岩区风化作用尤为强烈;剖面土壤环境质量总体较好,微量元素含量与成土母质密切有关,九龙江口冲海积成因(剖面1)土壤重金属含量明显高于其他3个剖面;多数微量元素垂向分布受常量组分的控制,As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn与土壤中Fe等组分具有显著正相关性。因表层土壤中细粒黏质组分随地表径流淋失或下渗迁移,导致表层土壤低Fe、Al和重金属元素;在生物地球化学循环和人为污染的影响下,Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn等在表层土壤呈富集特征;多数重金属元素的相对富集系数小于1.0,且表层土壤无明显富集特征,认为除Hg、Pb等少数重金属元素外,其他元素受人为污染影响较小。  相似文献   

7.
黎塘岩溶区土壤铁锰结核的地球化学特征研究   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
对黎塘岩溶区土壤铁锰结核的地球化学特征研究表明:与土壤相比,铁锰结核的化学组成中仍以SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为主,但Fe2O3的含量明显增加,成为铁锰结核中含量最多的氧化物,MnO含量也有一定程度增加,它们富集系数分别为5.19和3.40;铁锰结核对重金属具有明显的富集效应,其富集顺序为Cr(M)〉Pb〉Co〉Zn〉Ni〉Ba〉Li,它在土壤中的含量受成土母质及浅层地下水活动的影响。元素的相关分析及因子分析表明,铁锰结核在形成过程中还具有成核富集效应、专性吸附效应和成核易淋溶效应。  相似文献   

8.
珲春中部土壤常量元素地球化学特征   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
采用XRF-X荧光光谱法,研究了吉林省珲春中部常量元素在表层土壤中的含量以及在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等土壤地球化学特征.结果表明:表层土壤中MgO(0.85%)、CaO(0.95%)的含量平均值低于全国土壤平均值(分别为1.8%和3.2%),Fe2O3(3.41%)、K2O(2.61%)、Al2O3(13.33%)、SiO2(69.25%)含量平均值与全国平均值基本相当(分别为3.40%,2.50%,12.60%和65.00%),Na2O(1.83%)含量平均值高于全国平均值(1.60%).暗棕壤和白浆土两种类型土壤剖面常量元素组成差别不大,在垂向上呈现出不同的规律性.Sa、Saf和ba指标反映出暗棕壤土壤的风化淋溶度略强于白浆土,在剖面不同层次上,随土壤深度的增加,Sa和Saf呈现下降的趋势,而表层土壤的ba值比深层土壤高.  相似文献   

9.
江西赣县花岗岩型红土剖面常量元素地球化学特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对赣县田村花岗岩红色风化壳剖面常量元素的迁移特征和化学风化强度的研究结果表明:(1)红土常量元素组成以 SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3为主,三者占总量的90%以上,其中又以SiO2的含量最高,K2O、CaO、Na2O与MgO等易溶组分的含量则 相对较低;(2)红土剖面风化过程中,常量元素的地球化学行为多表现为迁移淋失,迁移程度由剖面底部向上逐渐增强, 其中CaO与Na2O平均迁移量分别为97.34%、94.94%,属于强迁移元素;MgO、K2O和SiO2平均迁移量分别为52.50%、 39.89%、22.72%,属于易迁移元素,Fe元素表现为高度富集;(3)综合分析铝铁系数、化学蚀变指数和风化淋溶系数,指 示赣县花岗岩型红土在炎热、潮湿环境下遭受了强烈的化学风化作用,风化强度顶部向下渐弱。  相似文献   

10.
南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物地球化学特征及地质意义   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
赵利  蔡观强  钟和贤  等 《江苏地质》2017,41(1):103-111
依据南海北部陆架海域225个站位表层沉积物粒度和常量元素的地球化学分析,探讨了常量元素的空间分布规律及地质意义。该区域沉积物主要为粉砂、细砂等细粒沉积,平均粒径5.38。沉积物常量元素组合以SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O为主,约占沉积物总量的87.96%,其空间分布特征与沉积物类型密切相关。Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、Org.C等分布趋势相似,具有较好的相关性,倾向于富集在细粒沉积物中;SiO2、CaO、CaCO3与大多数元素呈负相关,倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中,反映了“元素的粒度控制律”。元素总体分布规律显示沉积物的常量元素含量受细粒黏土矿物吸附作用、石英矿物和碳酸钙稀释作用的共同影响。元素统计结果表明,表层沉积物的常量元素大体可分为2类:第1类包括Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、TiO2、P2O5、MnO等,代表陆源较细粒碎屑沉积,是控制研究区沉积物化学成分的最主要因素;第2类主要包括CaO、CaCO3,代表海洋生物沉积。同时可将研究区分为3个沉积区域:I沉积区为粤西近岸及北部湾北部区域,具有明显陆源碎屑沉积特征;Ⅱ沉积区位于粤西陆架水深>60 m海域,受海源生物作用明显;Ⅲ沉积区位于珠江口西南部水深40~60 m海域,为斑块状砾质粗粒沉积。  相似文献   

11.
Due to the rapid urbanization and industrialization that has occurred in China over the last few decades, metals have been continuously emitted into the urban environment and now pose a serious threat to human health. Indeed, there is a growing concern over the potential for pollution of urban soils with heavy metals. Therefore, an extensive soil survey was conducted in urban areas of Changchun, China, to evaluate the current status of heavy metal contamination in soils and to evaluate its potential sources. A total of 352 samples of urban soils were collected from urban areas of Changchun using a systematic sampling strategy in which one sample per km2 was taken (0 ~ 20 cm). The levels of Cu, Pb, Zn and the major elements (Mn, Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO, SiO2, K2O and NaO) were then determined by X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), while the level of Cd was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), and the Hg and As concentrations were determined by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The results indicated that, when compared with the background values of topsoil in the Changchun region, the topsoil in urban areas were enriched with metals, particularly Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg. The results of correlation coefficient analysis showed that Hg, As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were significantly positive correlated with each other, while Cr and Mn formed another group. Moreover, significantly positive correlations were observed between pH and Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As and Hg, indicating that pH influences the distributions of these metals in urban soils in Changchun. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to identify sources of heavy metals and the results revealed distinctly different associations among the trace metals and the major elements in the urban soils. The concentration of Cr appeared to be controlled by the parent material (natural sources), while Cu, Pb and Zn were mainly from vehicle emissions, with Zn primarily coming from vehicle tires. Additionally, Hg and As primarily originated from coal combustion, while Cd was mainly associated with industrial sources. According to the pollution index (PI) of each metal, the overall levels of metal pollution were not especially high, but there were clearly contaminated sites concentrated in the central and northeast portion of the studied region. The Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) of the seven metals also indicated that urban soils in Changchun city were classified as having low level of pollution.  相似文献   

12.
The study area is very important in terms of anthropogenic activity like rapid industrial, urban development, pesticides, pharmacy, granite polishing and agro based industries. Soils represent an excellent media to monitor heavy metal pollution. The results of soil samples analyzed in the present work using XRF reveal anomalous heavy metal and major oxide concentrations. The geogenic and anthropogenic activities for a long period in the study area are responsible for the anomalous heavy metal pollutants. Hence, this work is of immense societal benefit in terms of prevailing human health hazards in the study area with a direct relevance to such industrially populated regions elsewhere. Soil samples collected from study area were analyzed for heavy metals (As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, Zn and Zr and major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and P2O5 ) using Philips PW 2440 X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF). The minimum 0.08 for molybdenum and maximum 21.99 enrichment factor for arsenic is observed. The minimum -2.5 and maximum 17.97 geoaccumulation index values is observed for barium and molybdenum. The minimum 0.07 and maximum 4.3 contamination factors is observed for molybdenum and lead. High contamination degree 19.21 for SMP-1 and least 7.8 for SMP-12 is observed. The minimum 0.41 and maximum 0.95 pollution load index is observed for SMP-12 and SMP-20. Factor analysis results shows that, three factors emerged as significant contributors to the soil quality is about seventy six percent for heavy metals and sixty eight percent for major oxides. The spatial variation maps deciphering heavy metal concentration of both natural and anthropogenic origin by three zones i.e. low, moderate and high of the study area based on environment using Arc-GIS.  相似文献   

13.
The content of major element oxides (Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, P2O5, K2O, TiO2, and MnO) in soil surrounding the light metal factory (TLM), which was producing aluminium from 1937 till 1991, was investigated by EDXRF and XRD. The evaluation of a possible aluminium pollution linked to the industrial activity was studied by a comparison of soil around the TLM with control soil samples. Taking into account natural variations caused by bedrock lithology, control samples were taken in the soil developed upon the Upper Cretaceous limestones and Middle Eocene flysch deposits, while the TLM soil was sampled over the Upper Cretaceous and Early to Middle Eocene limestones; that way the samples constituted four groups, each containing five to seven samples. Control soil overlying flysch deposits differed strikingly from the other three groups by its increased CaO values, and decreased content of Al, Fe, Mn, and Ti-oxides, confirming the overall geochemical imprint of bedrock lithology on the analysed soils. However, a specific mineral composition (presence of alumina) of the TLM soil, together with peculiar correlations among Al2O3 and other oxides indicates a certain extent of aluminium pollution of the investigated area.  相似文献   

14.
福建沿海地区土壤-稻谷重金属含量关系与影响因素研究   总被引:12,自引:8,他引:4  
福建沿海地区土壤Pb含量远高于我国其他地区及全国背景值,其对农产品安全、生态环境的影响值得关注。本文采集该地区典型耕作区58套土壤-水稻样品,查明Pb、Cd等重金属元素含量特征及其关键控制因素。研究表明从水稻根→茎叶→稻谷,重金属元素含量和富集系数呈现明显的下降趋势,有害重金属As、Pb等的递减速率远大于植物营养元素Cu、Zn,指示水稻根部对重金属元素具有一定的阻截作用。土壤-稻谷间Pb具有显著正相关性,显示土壤Pb是稻谷Pb的重要来源;稻谷Pb含量与土壤有机碳呈显著负相关关系,与土壤pH呈弱负相关关系,说明富含有机碳、相对碱性的土壤环境可降低土壤Pb的生物有效性,减少稻谷对土壤Pb的吸收富集。土壤理化条件对稻谷Cd富集系数有显著影响,富含有机碳、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、S的土壤条件有利于阻断稻谷对土壤Cd的吸收,降低土壤Cd污染的生态风险。本项研究为开展水田土壤重金属污染治理修复、预测稻谷食用安全提供了重要的依据。  相似文献   

15.
Soil contamination by heavy metals has been a major concern for last few decades due to increase in urbanization and industrialization. The main objective of this research was to identify the heavy metal contaminated zones in the study area. Twenty five soil samples collected throughout the agriculture, residential and industrial areas were analysed by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF) for trace metals and major oxides. These metals can affect the quality of soil and infiltrate through the soil, thereby causing groundwater pollution. Based on the chemical analysis of major oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, ?Fe2O3, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, and P2O5) and their distribution; it is observed that these soils are predominantly siliceous type with slight enrichment of alumina component in the study area. Correlation matrix (CM) and factor analysis (FA) is employed to the heavy metal variables, viz., Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, V, Y, Zn and Zr of the soil to determine the dominant factors contributing to the soil contamination in the area. In the analysis, five factors emerged as significant contributors to the soil quality. The total contribution of these five factors is about 90%. The contribution of the first factor is about 45% and has significant positive loadings of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn. The contribution of second factor is 22% and has significant positive loadings of Rb, Sr and Y. The contribution of third, fourth and fifth factors is 10, 8 and 5% and show positive loadings for lead, molybdenum and barium respectively to the soil contamination. The spatial variation maps deciphering different zones of heavy metal concentration in the soil were generated in a GIS (geographic information system) based environment using ArcGIS 9.3.1. The results reveal that heavy metal contamination in the area is mainly due to anthropogenic activities.  相似文献   

16.
This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province (southern China). The chemical weathering characteristics of the studied profile were investigated and the inheritance relationships between the terra rossa and overlying strata were discussed. The results show that there is no remarkable variation in the major elements and weathering indices from the rock–soil interface to the topsoil, indicating that the studied profile was not typical for in situ crustal chemical weathering. The terra rossa were mainly composed of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Compared with the insoluble residues and overlying strata, the terra rossa are characterized by an enrichment of Y and Cs and depletion of Ba and Sr. The subsoil shows a notable Ce negative anomaly, characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment (L/H = 1.55–3.74), whereas the topsoil shows a positive Ce anomaly with light rare earth element enrichment (L/H = 5.93–9.14). According to Laterite-forming capacity estimates, the terra rossa could not have only been formed from acid-insoluble residues from the bedrock; Al2O3 versus Fe2O3 and Nb plotted against Ta show significant positive correlations between the terra rossa and overlying strata. The Eu/Eu* versus GdN/YbN and ternary diagrams for Sc, Th, Zr, and Ta suggest that the overlying strata could also provide parent materials for the genesis of terra rossa.  相似文献   

17.
王海芝  程捷 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1090-1097
周口店地区的古环境变化研究多数研究集中在中更新世时期,而缺乏对早更新世时期环境变化的研究。这主要是由于缺少保存完好的早更新世沉积记录造成的。随着对20世纪80年代在周口地区发现的东洞剖面,发现这是一个保存完好的早更新世剖面,为研究早更新世时期的古环境变化特征提供了良好的研究材料。为了重建早更新世时期的古环境变化特征,利用XRF对东洞洞穴沉积物的主要元素(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3和CaO)的化学组成进行了高分辨率分析,同时对沉积物中的FeO含量进行了测试。结果显示东洞剖面沉积物的主要化学组成为SiO2,占41.6%~58.9%,其次是Al2O3和Fe2O3,其含量的变化范围分别为13.69%~29.63%和5.00%~9.81%。Al2O3和Fe2O3在剖面上与SiO2含量成明显的镜像变化关系,显示出Al2O3和Fe2O3对沉积物中SiO2含量的稀释作用。另外,Fe2O3与Al2O3在剖面上具有很好的相关性,表明Fe2O3主要富集在富铝的矿物中。从元素含量在剖面的上分布看,东洞剖面的化学组成发生3次大的波动,主要表现为SiO2和FeO含量增高,而Fe2O3与Al2O3含量的减少。这3次波动分别出现在剖面的15.3~14.6m,11.0~9.9m和8.40~7.84m深度处。在3次化学组成的波动出现的同时,指示沉积物风化程度和温度变化的Si/Al(SiO2/Al2O3)和FeO/Fe2O3比值也发生了明显变化,比值增高,指示了3次大的干冷事件。另外,在剖面上部(10.00~7.84m,即第2次事件以后)SiO2/Al2O3和FeO/Fe2O3比值变高且波动频繁,表明自第2次干冷事件后沉积区的环境变得不稳定,逐渐向冷干气候转变。东洞剖面的地球化学记录(SiO2/Al2O3和FeO/Fe2O3)与泾川黄土剖面的粒度曲线具有较好的对比性,支持了东洞剖面记录的环境信息与黄土沉积记录的环境变化具有一致性。通过与泾川粒度曲线的对比发现,东洞剖面记录的3次干冷事件在时段上分别对应于黄土-古土壤序列中的L26,L15和L13。  相似文献   

18.
The present study attempted to evaluate the influence of human activity on major elements (Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, K2O, CaO, Fe2O3), and to find a method to explore correlations between major elements and human disturbances, according to geospatial theories and methods. The study results indicate that landscapes influence major elements in diverse ways: Al2O3 is closely related to road and mine landscapes; strong relationships exist between MgO, Fe2O3, CaO, and SiO2 and roads; Na2O, SiO2, and Fe2O3 are unrelated to city landscapes; and Na2O is unrelated to road and mine landscapes.  相似文献   

19.
Heavy grazing is recognized as one of the main causes of vegetation and soil degradation and desertification in the semiarid Horqin sandy grassland of northern China. Soil physical and chemical properties were examined under continuous grazing and exclusion of livestock for 8 years in a representative desertified sandy grassland. Exclosure increased the mean soil organic C, total N, fine sand and silt + clay contents, inorganic C (CaCO3), electrical conductivity, and mineral contents (including Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, TiO2, MnO), microelements (Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Mo), and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, As, Hg, Cd, Se), and decreased the coarse sand content, bulk density, and SiO2 in the top 100 cm of the soil. Livestock exclusion also improved available N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Cu, exchangeable K+, and the cation exchange capacity, but decreased pH, exchangeable Na+, and available S, Zn, and Mo in the top 20 cm of the soil. The greatest change in soil properties was observed in the topsoil. The results confirm that the desertified grassland is recovering after removal of the livestock disturbance, but that recovery is a slow process.  相似文献   

20.
The main aim of the present study is to contribute to the field of environmental research by providing new data on bottom ash samples derived from an oil power plant located in Southern Italy. To achieve this purpose, the mineralogical and chemical properties of representative bottom ash samples were investigated through the integrated employment of different analytical techniques, i.e., X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry. The obtained experimental results show that quartz, alunogen, rhomboclase and potassium hydrogen silicate are the major crystalline phases of all the analyzed samples. Furthermore, the revealed main ash constituents are SiO2 and SO3, with low contents of Fe2O3 and Al2O3, and little amounts of CaO, Na2O, K2O, MgO, P2O5 and TiO2. Among the trace elements, very high amounts of heavy metals, i.e., V, Cr, Ni, La, Pb and Mo, were detected. The comparison of the obtained heavy metal abundance data with those reported in the literature highlights significant differences. Leaching test evidenced V, Ni and Cr values that make these ashes a potential contamination source for groundwater quality and for soil, nearby the ash disposal landfills area. All the obtained findings show that these materials are highly harmful for the human health, with a greater extent for the heavy metal concentrations.  相似文献   

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