Caving-induced fault reactivation and its effects on caving process are widely recognized as serious safety issues in mining and tunnelling industry. In this study, the effects of a variety of factors (i.e. friction coefficient, stick–slip instability, geological structure, pre-mining status, mining and its induced effects) that might exert an influence on fault dynamic behaviour of a 5-seam coal mine are investigated using practical mine-wide finite element numerical models with a normal fault. Based on the research outcomes on R-minimum-based finite element modelling of earthquake dynamics, the node-to-point contact strategy and the nonlinear friction contact law have been used here to simulate and analyse the caving-induced stick–slip frictional instability along the fault and related effects. The simulation results show that: (1) stress distribution before mining is relatively uniform around the fault for a homogenous rock material case, while stress concentration appears around the fault for the model with contrasting rock material properties; (2) the multiple-layered models are in favour of fault reactivation than models with only one material for whole strata; (3) the fault reactivation scale (i.e. dynamic relative motion and fault slip) induced by caving activity is significantly affected by rock mass strength, caving depth and its relative position to the fault. As caving progresses deeper and closer to the fault, the fault reactivation scale increases. Meanwhile, the fault in low strength strata is much more sensitive to fault slip behaviour; (4) seismic source parameters, namely seismic moment and moment magnitude, are adopted to evaluate the magnitude of caving-induced seismicity based on numerical results and fault slip risk and magnitude increase as fault reactivation scale expands; (5) during the caving stage, the failure zone initiates, develops and eventually connects the reactivated fault to the working area, presenting asymmetric failure pattern around the caving zone. The failure zone is obviously larger for the side closer to the fault than the other side due to caving-induced fault reactivation effects. This could help in better understanding fault reactivation and rock failure behaviours towards an optimised design of caving in a faulted region.
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为了研究层间隔震结构的减震效果和变化规律,通过运用SAP2000大型有限元分析软件,在建立层间隔震结构的三维模型基础上,设置所在不同的隔震层位置,对所建隔震结构模型进行仿真分析。输入选定的不同地震波,通过结构模型进行分析对比,得出层间隔震结构的变化规律和减震效果,同时讨论不同位置的隔震层对结构变化规律和减震效果的影响,从而验证层间隔震的有效性。 相似文献
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土工结构地震滑动位移统计分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土工结构在地震荷载下的滑动位移是评估结构安全性能的重要参数。采用一种新型的地震波选择方法,在强震数据库中选择修改地震波,以有效地在结构动力分析中引入不同特征地震波的影响。通过一个简单的土工结构地震滑移模型,系统地分析了结构基本周期和滑动面屈服系数对地震滑移概率及相应滑移距离的影响,并提出了滑动体在不同地震场景和基本周期条件下的滑移概率和累积滑动位移的统计模型,对基于性能的土工结构抗震设计具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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基于小波包的地下洞室群地震响应及其频谱特性研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
基于有限差分数值模拟,在合理选择地震动力分析阻尼参数的条件下,开展白鹤滩水电工程13#机组剖面地下洞群围岩地震响应研究,并结合小波包变换方法从加速度峰值及振动能量角度评价了地震波在岩体中的传播规律及洞室群不同区域地震响应的频谱特征。结果表明：地震波传播过程中强度随高程增加而增加,层间错动带有一定减震作用;小波包分解可以较全面地给出地震响应成分的频率分布;地震波的高频分量在岩体传播过程中逐渐衰减;在地下洞室群附近,岩体地震响应的加速度峰值和振动能量频谱特征以1～3 Hz频段为主,其他频段对岩体地震响应影响较小。 相似文献
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基于复合地基-上部结构相互作用的静力分析已取得一定的研究成果,但其在动力荷载作用下,特别是地震作用下的动力响应却相当匮乏。首先借助有关试验通过ABAQUS和EERA的模拟分析,验证了基于Drucker-Prager屈服准则的弹塑性模型能较好地反映土体非线性动力特性以及采用有限元与无限元耦合的方法对土体无限边界的模拟。在此基础上,针对实际问题建立了刚性桩复合地基-筏板-上部结构体系整体有限元模型,对其进行动力弹塑性时程分析,并讨论了该复合地基与桩基对地震响应的差异。深入研究了不同强度地震作用下,刚性桩复合地基的工作机制,包括桩体、褥垫层、筏板的动力响应以及上部结构的地震反应和抗震性能。结果表明,小震时褥垫层基本没有减震效果,大震时复合地基的抗震性能优于桩基。地震越强烈,减震效果越明显,但作用有限,减震系数一般在0.8以上,可为工程实践提供参考。 相似文献
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为考虑土-结构相互作用对输入地震波的影响,基于两步法思想,建立了考虑辐射阻尼效应的等效输入地震波。在该种方法中,将单自由度体系的基础地震反应为上部结构的输入,然后用状态空间法计算考虑土-结构相互作用后体系阻尼比的变换情况,用以修正上部结构的阻尼系数,从而利用刚性基础的反应近似计算土-结构相互作用的影响。对一个单自由度体系和一个5层框架结构进行计算分析,算例分析表明,直接利用自由场的地震波或基岩波作为上部结构的输入,计算误差甚至超过100%,而两步法可使体系的计算误差小于10%,采用修正阻尼系数的两步法,误差将小于5%,满足工程需要。 相似文献
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Fan Jian Tang Jiaxiang Department of Civil Engineering Huazhong University of Science Technology Wuhan 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(4)
lNTRODUCTlONBase iso1ation is regarded as a practical and economicalway to protect structures from damages subjected to earth-quake motion. Isolators implemented between the base raft ofthe structure and foundation can dissipate and absorb earth-quake energy, and reduce obviously the transmission of groundmotion to structure. In short, the principle of base isolation in-cludes two factors: (i) The natural period of structures withfixed base is usually 0. 2-- l. 2 s, close to the natural pe… 相似文献
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Aurelian Catalin Trandafir Toshitaka Kamai Roy Carl Sidle Mihail Popescu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(6):679-691
Failure of several gravity retaining walls in residential areas built on reclaimed land, during the October 23, 2004 Chuetsu
earthquake in Niigata Prefecture, Japan, determined the authorities to consider the seismic retrofit of the walls in order
to mitigate future similar disasters in the urban environment. This study addresses the effectiveness of ground anchors in
improving the seismic performance of such retaining structures through a sliding block analysis of the seismic response of
an anchored gravity retaining wall supporting a dry homogeneous fill slope subject to horizontal ground shaking. Sliding failure
along the base of the wall and translational failure along a planar slip surface of the active wedge within the fill material
behind the wall were considered in the formulation, whereas the anchor load was taken as a line load acting on the face of
the gravity retaining wall. The effects of magnitude and orientation of anchor load on the yield acceleration of the wall-backfill
system and seismically induced wall displacements were examined. It was found that for the same anchor orientation, the yield
acceleration increases in a quasi-linear manner with increasing the anchor load, whereas an anchor load of a given magnitude
acting at various orientations produces essentially identical yield accelerations. On the other hand, the computed earthquake-induced
permanent displacements of the anchored gravity retaining wall decrease exponentially with increasing magnitude of anchor
load. Additionally, the influence of backfill strength properties (e.g., internal friction angle) on the seismic wall displacement
appears to diminish considerably for the anchored gravity retaining wall. A dynamic displacement analysis conducted for the
anchored gravity retaining wall subjected to various seismic waveforms scaled to the same peak earthquake acceleration revealed
a good correlation between the calculated permanent wall displacements and the Arias intensity parameter characterizing the
input accelerogram. 相似文献
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土-地下结构体系地震反应的简化分析方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于Penzien提出的土-结构动力相互作用分析的集中质量模型,考虑等价土体的层间剪切刚度与阻尼效应,提出了土-地下结构动力相互作用体系地震反应分析的简化分析方法,选取具有不同地震动特性的Taft波、汶川地震什邡八角波和松潘波作为基岩水平向输入地震动,采用该简化方法和二维有限元法对土-地铁地下车站结构体系的地震加速度反应特性进行了对比分析,结果表明：简化方法计算的地铁地下车站结构峰值加速度反应大于二维有限元法计算的地铁地下车站结构峰值加速度反应,两者的差异与输入地震动特性有关,但其随地铁地下车站结构高度变化的总体趋势较为一致;随着输入地震动强度的增大,其差异程度也有所加大。该简化方法可合理反映土-地下结构体系的动力相互作用效应,可作为地下结构抗震设计分析的一种辅助方法。 相似文献
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We perform 3D modeling of earthquake generation of the Xianshuihe fault, southwestern China, which is a highly active strike-slip fault with a length of about 350 km, in order to understand earthquake cycles and segmentations for a long-term forecasting and earthquake nucleation process for a short-term forecasting. Historical earthquake data over the last 300 years indicates repeated periods of seismic activity, and migration of large earthquake along the fault during active seismic periods. To develop the 3D model of earthquake cycles along the Xianshuihe fault, we use a rate- and state-dependent friction law. After analyzing the result, we find that the earthquakes occur in the reoccurrence intervals of 400–500 years. Simulation result of slip velocity distribution along the fault at the depth of 10 km during 2694 years along the Xianshuihe fault indicates that since the third earthquake cycle, the fault has been divided into 3 parts. Some earthquake ruptures terminate at the bending part of the fault line, which may means the shape of the fault line controls how earthquake ruptures. The change of slip velocity and displacement at 10 km depth is more tremendous than the change of the shallow and deep part of the fault and the largest slip velocity occurs at the depth of 10 km which is the exact depth of the seismic zone where fast rupture occurs. 相似文献
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强震作用下常规锚索往往会因材料变形能力不足导致应力过载而被拉断,一旦锚索失效将直接危及整个锚固结构的安全。为研究自适应锚索的动力响应规律以及在自适应锚索支护下锚固边坡的动力特性,以新型抗震锚索为原型,设计自适应锚索锚固岩质边坡试验模型,并利用振动台试验系统对试验模型进行加载。试验中采用正弦波、天津波、EI波以及Taft波等4种地震波进行研究,监测锚索的应变和边坡动力响应。结果表明：锚索的轴力和地震波幅值、类型、地震激励频率等因素密切相关;锚固边坡坡面加速度及位移沿边坡高程均有不同程度的放大,相对于无锚索支护边坡,锚固边坡坡面加速度和位移峰值均有减小;自适应锚索随着预设滑移恒阻力的不同,锚索会产生不滑移、瞬间滑移、逐步滑移3种工况,对应的锚索应变时程曲线和锚固边坡动力安全系数时程具有显著不同的特征;自适应锚索滑移工况下,滑体的安全系数虽然有局部减小的阶段,但是锚固结构的安全储备较大,可适应边坡大变形和瞬态冲击荷载的作用。试验结果可为强震区路堑边坡的支护和自适应锚索抗震设计提供一定参考。 相似文献
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A.F. Drennov V.I. Dzhurik S.P. Serebrennikov E.V. Bryzhak N.N. Drennova 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2013,54(2):223-230
The acceleration response spectra of earthquakes with M = 4–6.5 in the southwestern part of the Baikal Rift Zone have been studied. The absorption properties of the medium and the attenuation of seismic signals in the study area were determined. Average acceleration response spectra were obtained for regional earthquakes. A comparative analysis of the acceleration response spectra was made for earthquake focal mechanisms with different senses of motion: reverse fault, reverse slip, strike slip, and oblique slip. The effect of the sense of fault motion in the seismic source on acceleration response spectra was determined. 相似文献
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开展了近远场地震动作用下盾构扩挖地铁车站结构的振动台试验,分析了砂土模型地基的水平位移、地表变形、加速度、土压力反应及模型结构的加速度、应变等。结果表明：模型地基-结构体系的地震响应对中低频成分发育的地震波反应更为强烈;强震作用下地铁车站结构具有明显的空间效应,地下结构的存在将会改变模型地基表面变形的分布模式。小震时模型结构中柱的加速度反应自下而上逐渐增加,而大震时其反应规律变成先增大后减小;车站结构中板的加速度反应最大、底板次之、顶板最小;小震时,同等深度处模型结构的加速度反应与模型地基土的加速度反应大小相当,侧墙的动土压力自下而上逐渐增大;大震时,模型结构的加速度反应明显大于同深度处模型地基土的加速度反应,动土压力的最大值发生在扩挖隧道的拱肩和中间部位。基于震后模型结构的宏观现象和拉应变幅值,给出了砂土地基中盾构扩挖车站结构的地震损伤演化机制。 相似文献
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In highway projects, the common destruction effects of earthquake faults include the sand seismic liquefaction, the instability and failure of slopes. Thereinto, the dynamic instability of slopes induced by earthquake faults is most commonly seen. In order to research the influences of the destruction effects of earthquake faults on the dynamic stability of highway slopes, the distribution of previous earthquakes happening in the research area is qualitatively analyzed to establish the earthquake fault model and explore the kinematic characteristics. On this basis, representative slopes–cutting slopes in seismic damage areas are selected to calculate their earthquake response using the ABAQUS finite element program. The displacement field and acceleration output from the program are used to analyze the variation in the displacement of slope top and calculate the distribution coefficient of acceleration. Then, the stress fields output by the dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) are substituted in the genetic algorithm programmed by MATLAB to obtain the time history curves of safety factor of slopes and intelligently search the critical slip surfaces. By doing so, the changing rule of safety factor with seismic acceleration is obtained, together with the range of the safety factor of the envelope diagram of critical slip surfaces. 相似文献
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