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1.
Land subsidence along the northeastern Texas Gulf coast: Effects of deep hydrocarbon production 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Texas Gulf of Mexico coast is experiencing high (5–11 mm/yr) rates of relative sea level (RSL) rise that are the sum of subsidence and eustatic sea level (ESL) rise. Even higher rates are associated with areas of groundwater pumping from confined aquifers. We investigate the possibility of deep petroleum production as a cause for the high regional rates of subsidence. The northeast Texas coast was chosen for the study because it has a high rate of RSL rise, very limited groundwater production, and a long history of petroleum production. We examine in detail the Big Hill and Fannett fields, for which adequate bottom hole pressure (BHP) and well log data are available. The hypothesis of deep petroleum production is tested in three ways. First, industry BHP tests show many of the fields are depressurized to far below hydrostatic pressures. Second, analysis of BHP data over time in the Big Hill and Fannett fields indicates that some Zones in these fields were below hydrostatic when production commenced. This indicates that depressurization from production in neighboring fields or zones within the same field is not limited to the production zone. Third, three models for subsidence (a general 1-D regional model, an intrareservoir model, and a reservoir bounding layer model), using reasonable hydrogeological parameters, predict subsidence within the inferred range of data. The latter two models use data from the Big Hill and Fannett fields. Additional verification of the hypothesis that deep petroleum production is causing or accelerating regional subsidence will require the collection and analysis of data on the subsurface hydrogeological parameters and detailed measurements of the spatial and temporal distribution of subsidence along the Texas Coast. 相似文献
2.
断裂控烃理论与油气勘探实践 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24
断裂控烃理论认为, 断裂是叠合含油气盆地控制油气生运聚散和分布的根本原因; 断裂与油气藏的关系是枝与果、藤与瓜的关系; 科学的勘探思路是以断裂为基本线索, “沿枝(断裂) 摘果(油气藏), 顺藤(断裂) 摸瓜(油气藏) ”.运用断裂控烃理论研究表明, 北塘凹陷塘沽潜山油源断裂发育, 潜山油气藏成藏条件良好, 值得重视; 柴达木盆地的腹地控烃断裂发育, 资源潜力巨大, 具备形成大型、特大型油气藏的地质条件, 为油气勘探大转移提供了依据; 断裂控烃理论为HNFS凹陷找到了主力生排烃洼陷, 开辟了新的油气勘探领域. 相似文献
3.
在准噶尔盆地,以断裂为主,联合输导层(储层和不整合)的“断控体系”是油气运移的基本固体格架。文中从油气形成和演化过程中的有机-无机相互作用入手,分析了准噶尔盆地油气运移的基本方式和机理。结果表明,油气在输导层运移过程中,随有机质热演化、成岩演化,以及距油源断裂的远近不同,伴随着的水量有着显著变化。流体性质的差异导致了不同的储层水岩反应和油气成藏机制,据此,可将油气在输导层中的运移方式划分出两种基本类型:机械-侵蚀型和机械型。而在断裂带地区,断裂对储层中高压流体系统的沟通,触发了“减压沸腾”作用,伴随着流体沸腾,油气呈幕式运移聚集。 相似文献
4.
麦盖提斜坡是塔里木盆地西南坳陷的一个次级构造单元,经历多期构造运动和翘倾活动,形成多期断裂活动和复杂的构造变形。这些断裂对研究区的油气成藏有直接的控制作用。本文在大量地震解释基础上,对断裂的期次、性质进行系统厘定;然后,分析其构造样式,落实其平面展布;进而,结合前人对主力烃源岩和成藏期次的研究结果和钻探资料,将断裂划分为沟通油气源断裂、岩溶期断裂、主成藏期断裂、成藏调整期断裂等4大断裂体系;最后,刻画4大断裂体系分布与作用范围。这些断裂构造分析成果,为麦盖提斜坡油气成藏规律研究奠定基础。 相似文献
5.
歧口凹陷复式含油气系统及构造控藏模式 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
构造层序和沉降史分析表明,歧口凹陷在新生代具有显著的幕式构造-沉积演化特征,经历了古近纪裂陷期和新近纪裂后期二个构造活动期、古近纪的裂陷Ⅰ幕和Ⅱ幕、新近纪的稳定热沉降幕和加速沉降幕四幕构造运动。结合凹陷内部重要的构造转换界面、结构和构造演化特点,以及各阶段构造样式和油气成藏聚集规律,将歧口凹陷划分为四大含油气系统:孔店断陷-潜山型含油气系统(Ek)、歧口陡坡断阶型含油气系统(Es)、歧口缓坡断阶型含油气系统(Es1+Ed)、歧口坳陷型含油气系统(N)。通过构造组合样式和油气聚集关系研究,建立了凹陷内部掀斜断块-地垒潜山和凹陷边缘断阶-古隆起披覆潜山构造控藏模式。 相似文献
6.
在伸展断陷盆地中,构造变换带对油气具有重要的控制作用,其附近往往是油气富集的有利部位。伸展断裂沿走向上发生伸展量呈消长关系变化的部位通常是构造变换带发育的部位。由于地层的沉降幅度在构造变换带附近具有减小的趋势,沿构造变换带走向上地层沉降幅度的差异造成了大港油田板桥凹陷“凸、凹相间”的构造古地理格局。构造变换带附近往往发育断鼻等正向构造,因此,构造变换带也常常是油气富集的有利部位。研究发现,板桥凹陷构造变换带较为发育,且其附近断鼻构造圈闭发育,并处于生烃洼陷之中,因此,构造变换带成为板桥凹陷油气较为富集的有利部位。 相似文献
7.
J. Angelier 《Journal of Structural Geology》1985,7(5):605-612
A field analysis of faults and fractures in the Ras Gharib-Ras Gemsa region of the Gulf of Suez shows that the main Late Cenozoic extension occurred perpendicular to the rift axis. Three main types of dip-slip normal faults successively developed as the tilt of blocks bounded by antithetic normal faults increased. Determinations of the amount of extension from structural data are compatible with estimates made using subsidence data through a simplified model of lithospheric stretching. The uplift of rift shoulders is related in chronology and volume to the subsidence of the rift. The geometry of fault patterns and directions of extension suggests that the Late Cenozoic total movement corresponds to a counterclockwise rotation of 4–5° of Sinai relative to Africa, with a pole close to Cairo. 相似文献
8.
应用地球化学方法评价断层的封闭性 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
断层的封闭性和连通性研究对于了解断层在油气成藏和石油开发中的影响具有重要的意义.根据断层附近油藏的地球化学特征, 可以研究排烃期断层的封闭性.在涠西南凹陷油田的研究工作中, 通过断层两端油层的化学组成指纹的差异, 证实了断层的存在, 虽然断距较小, 但仍影响了油藏的连通.对欧利坨子地区靠近断层的油藏分析表明, 本区的深大断裂可以作为油气的有效通道, 靠近断层油藏成熟度较高, 且含氮化合物较丰富.本研究提供的2个实例证实地球化学方法用于判断断层的封闭性有着不可替代的优越性. 相似文献
9.
为研究含油气盆地下生上储式断裂附近断砂空间配置圈闭中油气分布规律,在断裂附近源断砂空间配置油气运聚机理及有利部位研究的基础上,利用源岩排烃分布区和断裂输导油气有利部位,确定断裂附近源断空间配置油气运移有利部位;通过断裂侧向封闭分布部位和油气储集砂体发育部位,厘定断裂附近断砂空间配置油气圈闭部位,两者叠合建立了一套断裂附近源断砂空间配置油气运聚有利部位的预测方法,并将其应用于渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷廊固凹陷大柳泉地区旧州4条分支断裂附近沙三中下亚段源断砂空间配置油气运聚有利部位的预测中。结果表明:旧州4条分支断裂附近沙三中下亚段源断砂空间配置油气运聚有利部位主要分布在F9断裂、F8断裂中部西南及东北部局部和F7断裂西南部,有利于下伏沙四段源岩生成油气沿断裂附近源断空间配置油气运移有利部位向上覆沙三中下亚段断砂空间配置圈闭中运聚成藏,与目前旧州4条分支断裂附近沙三中下亚段已发现油气主要分布相吻合,表明该方法用于预测断裂附近源断砂空间配置油气运聚有利部位是可行的。 相似文献
10.
断裂的形成演化过程对油气的运聚成藏具有重要的影响。本文系统分析了呼和湖凹陷断裂特征、断裂演化及其与油气成藏的关系。研究表明,呼和湖凹陷以T_(22)和T_(04)反射层为界,划分为3套构造层,分别为下部伸展断陷构造层、中部断坳构造层,上部坳陷构造层,其中上部构造层中断裂不发育。纵向上主要发育了两套断裂系统,下部断裂系统展布方向主要是北东东向、北东向和北北东向。上部断裂系统展布方向主要为北北东向和北北西向。发育4种类型的断裂,分别为早期伸展断裂,中期走滑断裂,早期伸展中期走滑断裂和早期伸展中期走滑晚期反转断裂。断裂的主要形成时期为南屯组末期、伊敏组末期和青元岗组末期。断裂的形成和演化影响烃源岩的分布和热演化程度,形成多种类型的圈闭,为油气垂向运移提供良好的运移通道。其中在主力生油洼槽及其周边的几个控陷断层附近有利于油气富集。 相似文献
11.
Air gun seismic and 3.5 kHz profiling data from the Gulf of Patras, western Greece, show that it is occupied by a small asymmetric graben with several geometric similarities to the larger-scale graben in the Gulf of Corinth to the east. Major listric faulting characterizes the southern flank of the graben whilst the northern flank represents an associated rollover structure affected by antithetic and synthetic faulting. The present phase of subsidence is of Holocene age, but buried growth faults suggest earlier subsidence in the Gulf. The average rate of subsidence through the Holocene is estimated to be 10 mm/year.The Gulf of Patras graben, together with the Gulf of Corinth graben and the Megara basin, represent a continuous system of WNW-ESE trending grabens in a broad zone of intense seismicity within the Aegean domain. Individual grabens are offset and are interconnected by NE-SW trending fault systems. 相似文献
12.
Anthropogenic subsidence in the Mexicali Valley,Baja California,Mexico, and slip on the Saltillo fault 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Ewa Glowacka Olga Sarychikhina Francisco Suárez F. Alejandro Nava Robert Mellors 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,59(7):1515-1524
Deep fluid extraction in the Cerro Prieto geothermal field (CPGF) has caused subsidence and induced slip on tectonic faults
in the Mexicali Valley (Baja California, Mexico). The Mexicali Valley is located in the southern part of the Salton Trough,
at the boundary between the Pacific and North American plates. The Valley is characterized by being a zone of continuous tectonic
deformation, geothermal activity, and seismicity. Within the Cerro Prieto pull-apart basin, seismicity is concentrated mainly
in swarms, while strong earthquakes have occurred in the Imperial and Cerro Prieto transform faults, that are the eastern
and western bound of the basin. Since 1973, fluid extraction at the CPGF has influenced deformation in the area, accelerating
the subsidence and causing rupture (frequently as vertical slip or creep) on the surface traces of tectonic faults. Both subsidence
and fault slip are causing damage to infrastructure like roads, railroad tracks, irrigation channels, and agricultural fields.
Currently, accelerated extraction in the eastern part of CPGF has shifted eastwards the area of most pronounced subsidence
rate; this accelerated subsidence can be observed at the Saltillo fault, a southern branch of the Imperial fault in the Mexicali
Valley. Published leveling data, together with field data from geological surveys, geotechnical instruments, and new InSAR
images were used to model the observed deformation in the area in terms of fluid extraction. Since the electricity production
in the CPGF is an indispensable part of Baja California economy, extraction is sure to continue and may probably increase,
so that the problem of damages caused by subsidence will likely increase in the future. 相似文献
13.
14.
陆梁隆起属于间断继承性古隆起,一直是油气的有利指向区,晚海西期石炭世-早二叠世构造演化基本确立了陆梁隆起的构造格局; 油气多沿继承发育的古凸起、古鼻梁进行油气运聚分配。陆梁隆起存在深浅两套断裂体系,形成深浅两套含油气组合; 深层下组合成藏遵循"源控论",油气多为近源成藏,沿梁富集,受不整合与岩相控制; 中浅层侏罗系与白垩系均为次生油气藏,多沿梁、沿油源断裂聚集,受构造与油源断裂控制。燕山期的构造运动对油气成藏起改造与再分配作用; 喜马拉雅山期构造运动对高成熟的油气起到一定的控制作用; 区域性不整合与火山岩岩体是否发育,是基岩型油气藏形成必备条件; 储层质量影响着油气丰度,控制着油气藏的分布规模与产能高低。今后勘探方向:下组合为夏盐凸起西北环带、石西凸起和滴北凸起; 中组合为石西-莫北凸起结合部、三个泉凸起、英西凹陷、滴南凸起断裂带前缘和滴北凸起断裂带前缘。 相似文献
15.
塔里木盆地巴楚-麦盖提地区以寒武-奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩为烃源岩,志留-泥盆系三角洲-- 滨岸砂岩为储层,潮坪环境形成的致密泥岩为盖层,形成了断裂型生储盖组合,具有较好的油气勘探前景。通过对研究区志留-泥盆系沉积相带展布、断层发育特征以及古隆起和古斜坡的综合研究,结合烃源岩排烃及已发现油气特征,认为巴楚-麦盖提地区志留-泥盆系油气成藏规律主要受沉积和构造的共同控制,在二叠纪末,寒武-奥陶系烃源岩排烃期已经形成的单斜构造或斜坡带,被长期活动断层沟通了寒武-奥陶系烃源岩的志留-泥盆系储层分布区易于形成油气藏。区内有利油气成藏区带主要为康2--方1 井之间的断裂带与玉1--BK8--巴5 井之间的斜坡带,可能发育的油气藏类型为岩性油气藏和构造--岩性复合油气藏。 相似文献
16.
羌塘盆地是目前国内石油勘探的热点地区之一,本文综合研究了羌塘盆地的地球物理、石油地质调查资料及INDEPTH-3深部调查结果,得出:①盆地内烃源层、储集层、盖层及其组合条件很好,局部构造发育,有利于形成和保存油气藏,断裂不会成为致命问题,提出了今后工作的主要目的层上三叠统—中侏罗统组成的中构造层;②对盆地二级、三级构造作了新的划分,否定羌中隆起,提出盆地表层的主要构造方向为北西—南东向,成“三凹三隆”及“一深凹”的地壳结构特征,其中主沉降带内部及其两侧是最有利的找油气远景地带;③本区壳幔之间的相互作用较强,盆地北部火山及热活动多,对油气远景评价有较大影响,而盆地南部沉积厚度大,受深层热影响相对较小,是找油气的更有利地段;④强调查明深部地层物性、油气赋存状况,烃类物质的来源和上下构造符合情况是当务之急,重点是加强点上的调查和评价研究;⑤提出不能轻视伦坡拉陆相古近—新近系盆地找油前景,它可能汇聚有两侧海相地层的油气。 相似文献
17.
构造应力场、地震泵和油气运移 总被引：79，自引：2，他引：79
本文从中国含油气盆地中断层发育区孔隙流体压力分布和构造应力场特征出发，以莫尔国及岩石破裂包络线理论深入探讨了不同条件下造成岩石破裂的机理，指出构造应力是油气运移的动力之一，地震泵在断裂发育区是油气沿断层作垂向运移的重要作用过程。 相似文献
18.
Massimiliano Ferronato Giuseppe Gambolati Carlo Janna Pietro Teatini 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2008,32(6):633-657
The stress variation induced by gas/oil production may activate pre‐existing regional faults. This may enhance the expected land subsidence due to the generation of mechanically weak points close to the producing field. A class of elasto‐plastic interface elements (IE), specifically designed to address the mechanical behaviour of faults over a regional scale, is integrated into a finite element (FE) geomechanical model and used to investigate the role exerted by active faults in anthropogenic land subsidence. The importance of regional faults depends on a variety of factors including depth of the depleted reservoir, fault number, orientation and size, geomechanical properties of porous medium, pore pressure drawdown induced by fluid production, etc. With the aid of some representative examples, a useful indication is provided as to where and how fault activation may influence both magnitude and extent of the land subsidence bowl above producing gas/oil reservoirs, pointing to a generally limited impact on the ground surface. The simulation of a real faulted gas reservoir in a complex 3‐D setting shows that the proposed IE can be simply and efficiently incorporated into a FE geomechanical model, thus improving the quality of the stress and displacement prediction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Sequence Thickness and its Response to Episodic Tectonic Evolution in Paleogene Qikou Sag,Bohaiwan Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CHEN Si WANG Hu ZHOU Lihong HUANG Chuanyan WANG Jiahao REN Peigang XIANG Xuemei 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(5):1077-1092
The sequence stratigraphy framework of Paleogene of Qikou Sag has been built in this paper. The evolution law of episodic subsidence in Qikou Sag has been expounded, with the analysis of the characteristic of sequence thickness, as well as the study of consedimental tectonic activity, subsidence history, paleogeomorphology and the coupling relationship among them. The faults controlling action was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage I , as the depression was the dominant mechanism during rifting stage III, which embodies a process from intense disparity fault depression to integral subsidence. Meanwhile, under the control of regional faulting and later stage depression, subsidence rate centers and paleogeomorphic concave centers are always corresponding to the sequence thickness centers, and the changes of subsidence centers and paleogeomorphology concave centers are consistent with the migration of thickness centers, which presents the restriction, coupling and response among them and clarifies the law that tectonic activity controls the basin fill by means of controlling the subsidence rate and paleogeomorphology from contributing factor angle. On this basis, the dynamic evolution of the composite pattern of structure-subsidence-deposition in the fault controlling actic region during the three rifting stages and their petroleum geological significance has been discussed. 相似文献
20.
南堡凹陷断层对中、上部含油组合油气成藏的控制作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南堡凹陷断层极其发育,依据断层形成时期、变形特征及形成演化机制,可将南堡凹陷断裂系统划分6种类型(ⅠⅥ).其中,Ⅲ型、Ⅴ型和Ⅵ型断裂系统是中、上部含油组合的主要断层类型,也是重要的控藏断层类型;Ⅲ型断裂系统为晚期形成的断层,主要对中上部含油组合的油气起封闭或调节作用;Ⅴ型和Ⅵ型断裂系统为长期发育的断层,是油气从源岩层向中浅层储层垂向运移的主要通道.晚期活动断层形成的断层相关圈闭是形成油气藏的主要圈闭类型;晚期形成的断裂密集带控制油气藏的分布;断层分段生长形成的古转换带控制了沉积体系及砂体的展布,控制了油气藏的分布;断层对盖层的破坏程度控制了油气聚集的层位;断层封闭性演化控制了断层圈闭中油气的富集程度. 相似文献