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1.
张紧式吸力锚是一种重要的深水浮式平台基础。深水环境中,海底浅层沉积物多为饱和软黏土。软黏土中平均荷载与循环荷载共同作用下吸力锚的循环承载力对其设计至关重要。根据最佳系泊点受倾斜荷载作用下吸力锚的破坏模式,假设不同破坏区土体具有相同的平均剪应力,且平均剪应力与循环剪切强度比等于吸力锚所受静荷载与静荷载和循环荷载之和的比值。结合室内土性试验获得的饱和软黏土样不固结不排水归一化循环剪切强度随归一化平均剪应力的变化关系曲线,建立了破坏区土体不排水循环剪切强度的确定方法。对不同破坏区土体阻力进行分析,按照水平应力具有连续性这一特点,构建了上部滑动楔体破坏区与深部平面流动破坏区交界深度的计算方法,进而提出了计算吸力锚循环承载力的简化极限平衡方法。采用该方法对竖向和水平破坏模式吸力锚循环承载力模型试验结果进行了预测,预测与试验结果基本吻合,最小和最大偏差分别为0.79 %和16.08 %,平均偏差为5.74 %,可较好地反映吸力锚循环承载力随循环破坏次数增加而减小的变化关系,验证了该方法的可行性。 相似文献
2.
为确定浅埋软黏土中法向承力锚的位移破坏标准,利用实验室自行开发的电动伺服加载控制装置,对埋置在饱和软黏土中深度为3倍锚板宽度、系缆力角度为30°的法向承力锚模型进行了荷载和位移控制的静力加载试验。依据试验结果,以极限承载力与锚板宽度为参考,对锚板法向荷载与位移进行归一化处理,通过归一化曲线确定了法向承力锚的位移破坏标准,即破坏位移约为0.38倍锚板宽度。另外,依据锚板的尺寸、埋深及试验土体的强度条件,利用经验公式对锚的极限承载力进行了计算。结果表明,以该位移破坏标准确定的极限承载力与经验公式计算结果基本一致,两者相差均不超过10%,初步验证了该位移破坏标准的合理性。 相似文献
3.
A numerical study incorporating three-dimensional Eulerian large deformation finite element analyses is performed to investigate the pullout process of horizontal square plate anchors in both hypothetical weightless soil and soil with self-weight. The validity of the numerical model is established through verification against published experimental and numerical results. The failure mechanisms during the pullout process under different conditions are then investigated. Three types of failure mechanism are observed; of which only two have been reported in the literature. The third mechanism identified in this study, which is a partially localized flow mechanism, is operative when the soil overburden ratio is not high enough to mobilize the full flow mechanism. The influence of soil self-weight is directly investigated by incorporating the density of the soil in the finite element model and maintaining the gravitational acceleration field throughout the analysis. The critical overburden ratio corresponding to the full transition to a localized plastic flow mechanism is identified in this study. The effect of the soil rigidity index (E/su) on the anchor uplift capability has not been systematically investigated in earlier studies. Contrary to the general failure mechanism and the full flow mechanism described in the literature, the capacity factor corresponding to this new mechanism increases with increasing E/su. The capacity factors for square plate anchors corresponding to different anchor embedment ratios, overburden ratios and E/su are provided in the form of design charts. 相似文献
4.
The horizontal pullout capacity of a group of two rigid strip plate anchors embedded along the same vertical plane in clays, under undrained condition, has been determined. An increase of cohesion with depth has also been incorporated. The analysis has been performed by using an upper bound finite element limit analysis in combination with linear optimization. For different clear spacing (S) between the anchors, the efficiency factor (ηcγ) has been determined to evaluate the group failure load for different values of (1) embedment ratio (H/B), (2) the normalized rate (m) which accounts for a linear increase of cohesion with depth, and (3) normalized unit weight (γH/co). The magnitude of the group failure load (1) becomes maximum corresponding to a certain spacing (Scr) between the anchors, and (2) increases with an increase in the γH/co up to a certain value before attaining a certain maximum magnitude. The value of Scr/B has been found to vary generally between 0.7 and 1.2. The maximum magnitude of ηcγ, associated with the critical spacing, (1) increases generally with increases in H/B, and (2) decreases with an increase in m. For a greater spacing between the anchors, the analysis reveals the development of a local shear zone around the lower anchor plate. The numerical results developed are expected to be useful for purpose of design. 相似文献
5.
The vertical uplift resistance of two interfering rigid rough strip anchors embedded horizontally in sand at shallow depths has been examined. The analysis is performed by using an upper bound theorem of limit analysis in combination with finite elements and linear programming. It is specified that both the anchors are loaded to failure simultaneously at the same magnitude of the failure load. For different clear spacing (S) between the anchors, the magnitude of the efficiency factor (ξγ) is determined. On account of interference, the magnitude of ξγ is found to reduce continuously with a decrease in the spacing between the anchors. The results from the numerical analysis were found to compare reasonably well with the available theoretical data from the literature. 相似文献
6.
为了确定软土中张紧式吸力锚的破坏标准,采用自主研发的电动伺服加载装置,在荷载和位移控制方式下进行了张紧式吸力锚在最佳系泊点受静荷载作用的承载力模型试验。结果表明：不同的破坏模式,锚破坏时对应的位移也不同。当锚为竖向破坏时,对应锚沿系泊方向的位移约为0.6倍的锚径;当锚为水平破坏时,对应锚沿系泊方向的位移约为0.3倍的锚径。同时,按照模型试验所得的破坏标准确定的吸力锚的极限承载力与极限分析法的预测结果吻合较好。对足尺锚进行了有限元分析,将分析结果与极限分析法的预测结果进行比较,验证了模型试验所得位移破坏标准的合理性。 相似文献
7.
砂土中扩体锚杆承载特性模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在25个室内模型试验基础上,研究了均质砂土中竖向拉拔扩体锚杆的几何尺寸及埋深对其承载特性的影响。试验结果表明,根据深径比的不同,扩体锚杆可以分为浅埋与深埋扩体锚杆2种形式,它们在拉拔过程中均经历了土体弹性变形阶段、非扩体锚固段-土界面剪切破坏阶段、土体弹塑性变形阶段以及剪切破坏阶段,破坏特征分别表现为整体剪切破坏与局部剪切破坏。通过扩体锚杆与普通拉力型锚杆模型试验对比发现：与普通拉力型锚杆相比,扩体锚杆极限承载力、承载比与安全性均有大幅度提高。而通过增大扩体锚固段直径的方式提高扩体锚杆承载力的优势较为明显。此外,根据承载比分析,扩体锚杆存在最优扩体锚固段直径,因此,在实际工程中应寻找一个满足需要的最优扩体锚固段尺寸以取得较好的经济效益。 相似文献
8.
In this paper, the interaction effect of a group of two and four symmetrical as well as asymmetrical helical anchors resting in homogeneous cohesive soil deposit with different helix configurations is determined using finite element analysis. The anchors were pulled to its ultimate failure controlling the displacement. Eight different types of anchor configuration were considered in the analysis, where mainly the number of helical plates, the depth of upper- and lower-most helical plates and the ratio of spacing between the helical plates to the diameter of the plate were varied. The variation of load–displacement curve for each anchor in the group was obtained and subsequently, the ultimate uplift capacity of each anchor was determined. The soil was assumed to follow Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria. The present theoretical observations are generally found in good agreement with those theoretical and experimental results available in the literature for single isolated helical anchor. 相似文献
9.
当结构在土体中运动时,往往导致土体发生较大的变形,此类问题采用大变形数值分析方法更为恰当。耦合欧拉-拉格朗日（Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian, 简称CEL）法是大变形数值分析方法中的一种,在分析大变形问题时具有很强的适用性,但在国内尚未开展CEL法分析锚板承载力的研究。以方形锚板在均质土及线性土中的拔出试验为原型,基于CEL法建立数值模型,对锚板的极限承载力及破坏机制进行研究,并通过用户自定义子程序,实现了线性土的强度分布随锚板拔出而变化。计算结果表明,土体杨氏模量越大,锚板的极限承载力越大;随着位移增大,锚板的抗拔力先增大,后降低;当埋深小于临界埋深时,土体发生整体破坏;当埋深大于等于临界埋深时,土体发生局部破坏。数值计算反映的规律与试验结果基本吻合,体现了CEL法模拟锚板在海床中大位移响应的出色能力。 相似文献
10.
Vertical plate anchors provide an economical solution to safely resist the large horizontal forces experienced by the foundation of different structures such as bulkheads, sheet piles, retaining walls and so forth. This paper develops a multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) model-based approach for the determination of horizontal pullout capacity (P u ) of vertical plate anchors buried in cohesionless soil by utilizing experimental results reported by different researchers. Based on the collection of forty different pullout experimental test results reported in the literature for anchors buried in loose to dense cohesionless soil with an embedment ratio ranges from 1 to 5, a predictive approach for P u of vertical plate anchors has been developed in terms of non-dimensional pullout coefficient (M γq ). The capability of the proposed MARS model for estimating the values of M γq is examined by comparing the results obtained in the present study with those methods available in the literature. Using different statistical error measure criteria, this study indicates that the present approach is efficient in estimating the horizontal pullout capacity of vertical plate anchors as compared to other methods. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the embedment ratio (H/h, where H = embedment depth of anchor, and h = height of anchor) and internal friction angle (?) of soil mass are the two most important parameters for the evaluation of non-dimensional pullout coefficient (M γq ) using the proposed MARS model. 相似文献
11.
The ultimate uplift resistance of a group of multiple strip anchors placed in sand and subjected to equal magnitudes of vertical
upward pullout loads has been determined by means of model experiments. Instead of using a number of anchor plates in the
experiments, a single anchor plate was used by simulating the boundary conditions along the planes of symmetry on both the
sides of the anchor plate. The effect of clear spacing (s) between the anchors, for different combinations of embedment ratio (λ) of anchors and friction angle (ϕ) of soil mass, was examined in detail. The results were presented in terms of a non-dimensional efficiency factor (ξγ), which was defined as the ratio of the failure load for an intervening strip anchor of a given width (B) to that of a single strip anchor plate having the same width. It was clearly noted that the magnitude of ξγ reduces quite extensively with a decrease in the spacing between the anchors. The magnitude of ξγ for a given s/B was found to vary only marginally with respect to changes in λ and ϕ. The experimental results presented in this study compare reasonably well with the theoretical and experimental data available
in literature. 相似文献
12.
开展了张紧式吸力锚在侧壁最优系泊点处遭受平均荷载和循环荷载共同作用下的模型试验,着重研究了软黏土中吸力锚在等幅及变幅循环荷载下的变形失稳过程。研究发现,循环累积位移过大是锚发生破坏的主要原因。对于等幅循环加载试验,由于竖向附加荷重的施加,锚在水平向的循环累积位移要明显大于竖向,表现为明显的水平破坏模式。在特定的平均荷载水平下,循环荷载水平越高,锚的累积位移发展得越快,达到破坏所需的循环次数就越少。循环位移随循环次数的增长变化不明显,但随循环荷载水平的增大而增大。对于变幅循环加载试验,系泊点各方向的循环累积位移与循环位移均与循环荷载水平成正比。不同的循环加载时程下,锚的竖向累积位移均比水平累积位移大,表现为偏向于竖向破坏的中间破坏模式。锚前期的循环加载历史对后续加载产生的累积变形有明显影响。与静力加载相比,循环加载时锚的运动方向角有所增大,这可能是由于锚底孔压的累积要大于锚侧孔压的累积,从有效应力的角度分析,锚底有效应力的减少相对锚侧明显,进而使得锚竖向承载力减小得更多,导致锚的竖向运动更明显。 相似文献
13.
The ultimate capacity of anchors is determined using the material point method (MPM). MPM is a so‐called meshless method capable of modelling large displacements, deformations and contact between different bodies. A short introduction to MPM is given and the derivation of the discrete governing equations. The analysis of a vertically loaded anchor and one loaded at 45° is presented. The load–displacement curves are compared to that obtained from experiments and the effect of soil stiffness and anchor roughness is investigated. The results of the vertically loaded anchor are also compared to an analytical solution. The displacement of the soil surface above the anchor was measured and compared to the numerical predictions. Convergence with mesh refinement is demonstrated and the effect of mesh size and dilatancy angle on the shear band width and orientation is indicated. The results show that MPM can model anchor pull out successfully. No special interface elements are needed to model the anchor–soil interface and the predicted ultimate capacities were within 10% of the measured values. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
Ahmed M. Fahmy John R. de Bruyn T. A. Newson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(5):1525-1542
Two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis has been used to simulate the inclined pullout behavior of strip anchors embedded in cohesive soil. Previous studies by other researchers were mainly concerned with plate anchors subjected to loads perpendicular to their longest axis and applied through the centre of mass. This paper investigates the behavior of vertical anchors subjected to pullout forces applied at various inclinations with respect to the longest anchor axis, and applied at the anchor top and through the centre of mass. The effects on the pullout behavior of embedment depth, overburden pressure, soil–anchor interface strength, anchor thickness, rate of clay strength increase, anchor inclination, load inclination and soil disturbance due to anchor installation were all studied. Anchor capacity is shown to increase with load inclination angle for anchors loaded through the centre of mass; greater effects are found for higher embedments. The results also show that anchor capacity improves at a decreasing rate with higher rates of increase of soil shear strength with depth. In addition, the capacity of vertically loaded anchors is shown to approximately double when the soil–anchor interface condition changes from fully separated to fully bonded. Similarly, disturbed clay strengths adjacent to the anchor following installation cause a significant reduction in anchor capacity. The results showed a significant effect of the point of load application for anchors inclined and normally loaded. The effects of other parameters, such as anchor thickness, were found to be less significant. 相似文献
15.
Priyanka Ghosh 《Computers and Geotechnics》2009,36(1-2):342-351
This paper presents the pseudo-dynamic analysis to determine the seismic vertical uplift capacity of a horizontal strip anchor using upper bound limit analysis. However, in the literature, the pseudo-static approach was used by few researchers to compute the seismic vertical pullout resistance, where the real dynamic nature of earthquake accelerations cannot be considered. Under the seismic conditions, the values of the unit weight component of uplift factor fγE are determined for different magnitudes of soil friction angle, soil amplification, embedment ratio and seismic acceleration coefficients both in the horizontal and vertical directions. It is observed that the uplift factor fγE decreases significantly with the increase in seismic accelerations and amplification but increases with the increase in embedment ratio. The results are compared with the existing values in the literature and the significance of the present methodology for designing the horizontal strip anchor is discussed. In presence of vertical earthquake acceleration and amplification of vibration, the present values of fγE compare reasonably well with the existing pseudo-static values obtained by modifying the horizontal acceleration coefficient. 相似文献
16.
By using the lower bound finite elements limit analysis, the pullout capacity of an inclined strip anchor plate embedded in a cohesionless soil medium has been computed with an inclusion of pseudo-static horizontal earthquake body forces. The variation of the pullout capacity factor (F γ ) with changes in horizontal earthquake acceleration co-efficient (α h ) has been computed by varying the inclination angle (β) of the anchor plate between 0° and 90°. The results clearly reveal that the pullout capacity factor (F γ ) decreases significantly with an increase in the value of α h . The reduction in the pullout resistance due to seismic forces (1) becomes much more extensive for a vertical anchor plate as compared to the horizontal anchor, (2) decreases generally with increases in the soil friction angle (?) and (3) increases with an increase in friction angle between soil and anchor plate (δ). The developments of the failure zone around the anchor plate were also examined by varying α h and β. The results obtained from the analysis compare well with the solutions reported in literature. 相似文献
17.
Abdi Mahmood Reza Nakhaei Pouria Safdari Seh Gonbad Mahdi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):957-972
Design of reinforced soil structures is greatly influenced by soil–geosynthetic interactions at interface which is normally assessed by costly and time consuming laboratory tests. In present research, using the results of large-scale direct shear tests conducted on soil–anchored geogrid samples a model for predicting Enhanced Interaction Coefficient (EIC) is proposed enabling researchers/engineers easily, quickly and at no cost to estimate soil–geosynthetic interactions. In this regard well and poorly graded sands, anchors of three different size and anchorage lengths from the shear surface together with normal pressures of 12.5, 25 and 50 kPa were used. Artificial Intelligence (AI) called the Gene Expression Programming (GEP) was adopted to develop the model. Input variables included coefficients of curvature and uniformity, normal pressure, effective grain size, anchor base and surface area, anchorage length and the output variable was EIC. Contributions of input variables were evaluated using sensitivity analysis. Excellent correlation between the GEP-based model and the experimental results were achieved showing that the proposed model is well capable of effectively estimating soil–anchored geogrid enhanced interaction coefficient. Sensitivity analysis for parameter importance shows that the most influential variables are normal pressure (σn) and anchorage length (L) and the least effective parameters are average particle size (D50) and anchor base area (Ab).
相似文献18.
Plate anchors, such as suction embedded plate anchors and vertically driven plate anchors, offer economically attractive anchoring solutions for deep/ultra-deep water offshore developments. The rotation/keying processes of plate anchors will cause embedment losses, which lead to decreases of the uplift resistances of the anchors in normally consolidated soil. In the present paper, the keying processes of vertically installed strip and square plate anchors are simulated using the 3-D large deformation finite element method. The effects of loading eccentricity and pullout angle on the embedment loss during keying are investigated. Both the development of the uplift resistance and the soil flow mechanisms are presented. The numerical results show that the loading eccentricity e/B has a much larger effect on the embedment loss than the pullout angle does. The anchor shape has a minimal effect on the loss in anchor embedment. The shape factors (square/strip) are 1.05–1.09 for loss of embedment and 1.10–1.19 for capacity. 相似文献
19.
Zhang Genbao Chen Changfu Zornberg Jorge G. Morsy Amr M. Mao Fengshan 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(8):2159-2177
This study aims at investigating the influence of moisture conditions on interface shear behavior of element-grouted anchor specimens embedded in clayey soils. The tests involved comparatively short embedment lengths and a device that was specially designed to facilitate moisture conditioning. Rapidly loaded pullout tests as well as pullout tests under sustained (creep) loading were conducted to characterize both the short-term and long-term ultimate shear strength of anchor–soil interfaces. Both values of the interface shear strength were found to decrease exponentially with increasing moisture content values, although their ratio was found to show a linearly decreasing trend with increasing moisture content. The interface shear creep response under pullout conditions was characterized by a rheological hybrid model that could be calibrated using experimental measurements obtained under increasing stress levels. The accuracy of the hybrid model was examined by evaluating the stress-dependent prediction model as well as its governing parameters. This investigation uncovers the coupled impact of soil moisture condition and external stress state on the time-dependent performance of grouted anchors embedded in clayey soils by correlating the interface shear strength with soil moisture content and associating the creep model with stress levels applied to the grout–soil interface.
相似文献20.
锚杆挡土墙可靠度分析与计算方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了锚杆挡墙中肋柱锚杆体系的串-并联模型。将肋柱视为连续梁,锚杆视为弹性支座,引入锚杆与锚固段周围岩土体的复合刚度系数,用位移法导出了各根锚杆所受荷载的统一计算公式。考虑各功能函数之间的相关性,运用系统可靠性理论,提出了单根锚杆3种破坏模式的串联系统与多根锚杆并联系统的体系可靠度计算方法,并编制了计算程序。对一工程实例进行计算,并对计算结果进行了分析,发现单根锚杆的3种失效模式并非相互独立,每种失效模式对锚杆可靠度的影响也不一样,而3根锚杆并联系统的失效概率近似等于在其他锚杆均未破坏的条件下每根锚杆单独失效概率之和。 相似文献