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1.
湖南西北部下寒武统黑色岩系蕴藏着丰富的镍钼钒多金属矿床及其伴生的Au,Ag,Pt,Pd等贵金属矿化。它是我国新类型的镍钼矿床及贵金属矿化极具找矿潜力的地区。富含有机质和黄铁矿的黑色岩系既是镍钼矿的富集层,也是贵金属矿化的主要富集层。矿床的成矿作用是伴随热水的加入而开始,热水沉积与正常沉积交替期是成矿的高峰期,至正常沉积期结束。生物及生物地球化学作用在黑色岩系的成岩成矿过程中起了重要作用。矿床以同生沉积为主,兼有热水性质沉积特点。其成因应归属于生物地球化学沉积矿床范畴。 相似文献
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湖南省寒武系黑色岩系蕴藏着丰富的钒矿资源,钒矿床产于寒武系底部富含有机质的碳、磷、硅质黑色岩系中;矿体呈层状、似层状,形态简单,产状稳定。多项测试结果表明,钒的载体岩石为黑色页岩(碳质页岩、硅质碳质页岩);钒主要呈类质同象形式赋存于伊利石晶格中;矿石类型主要为钒矿石,少数矿床中石煤钒矿石也是重要的矿石类型;钒的价态以V3+为主。钒的富集主要发生在沉积阶段,与黑色岩系的沉积过程一致;矿床形成于缺氧环境中,大部分钒被黏土质吸附,随有机质、黏土质和硅质呈胶态腐泥沉入海底;在成岩过程中,云母类黏土矿物结构发生再结晶,将原有表面吸附的钒(V3+)转化为类质同象形式进入云母晶格中取代部分铝(Al3+),形成含钒伊利石并聚集成为钒矿床。研究表明,本区黑色岩系及其有关的钒矿在沉积成岩成矿过程中都离不开生物地球化学作用,矿床成因属于在热水作用参与下沉积形成的海相化学和生物地球化学沉积矿床,矿床类型为黑色页岩型钒矿。 相似文献
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黑色岩系是含硫化物和有机质较高的暗色泥质岩、硅岩、碳酸盐岩组合,黑色岩系中以海底热液喷流作用形成的矿床是国际研究热点。因为海陆变化、壳幔作用以及全球构造变动均导致黑色岩系和SEDEX矿床的演化,所以研究湘黔张家界—遵义地区有机物从保存、埋藏、生烃、排气到过成熟,均与微生物的生命代谢、内生地质作用、成矿机制同步谐动,地球化学影响和生物成矿作用与全球性的气候变迁、缺氧事件相关联,而且以上研究集中体现在事件地质学的成因解释、热水喷流沉积作用、生物矿化与金属矿化、矿物成因与环境影响、铂族元素矿物、黑色页岩石煤与金属矿化、元素地球化学影响等方面。研究数据充分显示了特定的地质背景、成矿环境、生物作用机制在黑色岩系SEDEX矿床成岩成矿中的作用。 相似文献
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湖南西部寒武系下统牛蹄塘组底部的含碳硅磷质黑色岩系主要由黑色碳质页岩组成,富集了多种有色金属、贵金属、稀有金属和稀土元素,是我国新类型的有色金属、贵金属的矿产资源和后备矿产资源,其中尤以钒的资源量最丰富,是湘西地区继锰和汞铅锌矿之后,又一最具优势和开发前景的矿产资源。研究表明,黑色岩系形成于扬子准地台东南缘之深水斜坡的缺氧环境,有机质含量高是其重要特点,钒在有机质中优先被结合。沉积环境的改变导致成矿作用的发生,生物地球化学作用是钒矿成矿的主导作用。矿床属于化学和生物地球化学沉积型钒矿。 相似文献
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鄂西白果园银钒矿床地球化学特征与成矿作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂西白果园银钒矿是典型的黑色岩系矿床。地球化学研究表明:矿化主要见于震旦系陡山沱组第4段下部黑色页岩中,银钒矿化具有较强正相关性;岩(矿)石的常量元素及氧化物分析结果表明,黑色岩系沉积环境处于大陆边缘,物源主要来自于陆源;稀土元素具有明显的Eu和Ce的负异常,分配模式及相关元素特征显示成岩成矿过程中以正常海水沉积作用为主,有轻微的海相热水沉积参与;微量元素特征同样指示成岩成矿的主要物质来自于陆源,但也有热水沉积的显示。综合研究认为白果园银钒矿为较典型的低温热水沉积成岩成矿的黑色页岩型矿床;最主要的成矿作用是沉积成岩作用,最有利的成矿部位是沉积古地理环境大陆边缘附近的浅海陆棚泻湖环境,成矿是在较为缺氧还原的条件下发生的,海相热水的参与以及生物(有机质)作用对矿化富集起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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黄薰德 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1978,(1)
原生地球化学异常的形成,是成岩、成矿地球化学的一部分。将原生地球化学异常与成岩、成矿作为一个统一的过程来研究,有利于深入探讨成晕过程、合理总结晕的特征及评价标志,以指导找矿工作。 一.有关元素的分布特征 根据有关元素含量的多重总体分解资料(图1—A、图—B)都具有多重分布的特点,说明矿区经历了多种地球化学作用。不同的分布类型反映了不同的地球化学作用及其产物。 相似文献
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顾名思义,高温高压成岩成矿实验是在矿物学、岩石学、地球化学和矿床学等的研究基础上,根据物理化学的基本原理,应用高温高压实验设备和技术,在人工控制的接近于自然界的条件下,对与矿床形成密切相关的成岩成矿作用和地球化学作用进行实验研究的科学.其目的和任务就是查明有用元素在地质作用和地球化学作用过程中的分散富集规律,研究形成矿床的物理化学条件,阐明矿床的成因机理,指导找矿评价工作.因此,它是地质科学中的一门很有生命力的实验学科.近十几年来,随着生产的发展和需要,近代科学技术的进步,特别是高温高压实验资料在解决地质科学若干重大课题中广泛而有效的应用,因而这一学科也获得了迅速发 相似文献
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黑色岩系型矿床的形成作用及其在我国的产出特征 总被引：35，自引：0，他引：35
黑色岩系作为地史上反复出现的时限沉积相,反映了环境的突变及环境事件,构成了许多重要矿床的赋矿岩系。我国共有25种以上的有用元素和组份的聚集成矿与黑色岩系有关,它们呈自然金属、硫化物、氧化物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐等十余种形式产出。黑色岩系型矿床一般规模较大,我国南方赋存大-超大规模矿床的黑色岩系分布干9个纪级单位的13个含矿层位中,共形成了4个超大型矿床和6个大-中型矿床密集成矿区。根据盆地流体在黑色岩系型矿床成矿演化的阶段性,可以将其矿床的形成划分为：沉积期和成岩期。前者可形成大-超大型锰、磷、重晶石矿床,成岩期可能形成大-超大型金、银、铅锌、锑、锡多金属矿床。 相似文献
11.
The distribution of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu, in plants growing in mineralized and sterile areas of Tuscany has been studied to verify if and to what extent metalaccumulating species represent evidence of geochemical anomalies in soils. Samples of leaves and twigs from trees were collected, and analyzed by means of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Hollies, brambles, and Holm oaks in particular were considered in the mineralized area of Bottino, and the special aptitude of hollies in concentrating Cd with respect to the other metals has been verified. Cadmium has been previously recognized as a pathfinder for zinc ore bodies; the results of this investigation appear to point out the relevance of holly as a bioindicator of geochemical zinc anomalies. Lower metal concentration characterizes the same species from other mineralized and sterile zones, with the exception of the urbanized area of Florence, where relatively higher Zn concentrations in hollies appear to be due to atmospheric pollution. 相似文献
12.
锑的环境生物地球化学循环与效应研究展望 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
研究表明锑与铅和汞一样,是一个可长距离输送的全球性有毒元素;但锑的研究最近才引起国际社会的关注。与其它金属如汞、铅、镉和砷等相比,国际上锑的研究开展得相对较少。为了揭示锑的全球性污染程度、循环过程及其对生态环境的影响,急需开展深入研究。概述了前人在锑的环境生物地球化学循环和效应方面的研究成果,分析了存在的科学问题,凝练了进一步研究的方向、思路和方法,并指出我国西南地区是开展这一方向研究的理想区域,及在该地区开展深入研究的重要性。 相似文献
13.
In recent decades, humans have become a very important force in the Earth system, demonstrating that emissions (gaseous, liquid, and solid) are the cause of many of our environmental issues. These emissions are responsible for major global reorganizations of the biogeochemical cycles. The oceans are now a net sink of atmospheric CO2, whereas in their preindustrial state they were a source; the trophic state of the coastal oceans is progressively moving toward increased heterotrophy; and the terrestrial realm is now vacillating between trophic states, whereas in preindustrial times it was autotrophic. In this paper, we present model calculations that underscore the role of human-induced perturbations in changing Earth's climate, specifically the role of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus in controlling processes in the global carbon cycle since the year 1850 with projections to the year 2035. Our studies show that since the late 1940's emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus have been sequestered in the terrestrial living phytomass and groundwater. This nutrient-enhanced fertilization of terrestrial biota, coupled with rising atmospheric CO2 and global temperature, has induced a sink of anthropogenic CO2 that roughly balances the emission of CO2 owing to land use change. In the year 2000, for example, the model-calculated terrestrial biotic sink was 1730 Mtons C/year, while the emission of CO2 from changes in land use was 1820 Mtons C/year, a net flux of 90 Mtons C/year emitted to the atmosphere. In the global aquatic environment, enhanced terrestrial inputs of biotically reactive phosphorus (about 8.5 Mtons P/year) and inorganic nitrogen (about 54 Mtons N/year), have induced increased new production and burial of organic carbon in marine sediments, which is a small sink of anthropogenic CO2. It is predicted that the response of the global land reservoirs of C, N, and P to sustained anthropogenic perturbations will be maintained in the same direction of change over the range of projected scenarios of global population increase and temperature change for the next 35 years. The magnitude of change is significantly larger when the global temperature increase is maximum, especially with respect to the processes of remobilization of the biotically important nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. 相似文献
14.
Li Miao Ruisong Xu Yueliang Ma Jinhong Xu Jie Wang Rui Cai Yu Chen 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008,96(1):43-52
In the Hetai goldfield, Guangdong Province, China, samples including rocks, soils and leaves of four plants (Pinus massoniana, Rhodomyrms tomenlosa, D. linearis var. dichotoma and Embelia laeta) collected from the gold mineralization zone and the background area were analyzed for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, As and physiological parameters. The objective of this investigation is to study the geochemical and biogeochemical characteristics of studied plants, aiming at biogeochemical methods in Au exploration. The goldfield region shows geochemical and biogeochemical anomalies. Abundances of Au in rocks, soils, plants and the leaf pigments in the mineralized area are much higher than those in the surrounding region. The plants display unhealthy physiological and ecological characteristics in the Hetai goldfield area. The cell structures of the goldfield plants were anomalous and aberrant, and there were many nano-metal particles diffused in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Macro- and microscopic evidences of the vegetation in the goldfield areas are distinctly different from the background regions. The strongly anomalies in responses to Au are profound in further geochemical and botanic exploration studies. 相似文献
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A reevaluation of the oceanic uranium budget for the Holocene 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
We present a new assessment of the pre-anthropogenic U budget for the Holocene ocean. We find that the gross input of U to the ocean lies in the range 53±17 Mmol/year, where the dominant source is river runoff (42.0±14.5 Mmol/year) and the direct discharge of groundwater could represent a significant additional input (9.3±8.7 Mmol/year). The soluble U flux associated with the aeolian input of crustal dust is minor (1.8±1.1 Mmol/year), falling well within the errors associated with the riverine flux. Removal of U to the organic rich sediments of salt marshes and mangrove swamps during river–sea mixing may significantly modify the riverine flux, such that the net U input is reduced to 42±18 Mmol/year. Evaluation of the U isotope budget demonstrates that the limits we have established on the U input flux are reasonable and suggests that direct groundwater discharge may play a significant role in maintaining the oceanic excess of 234U. The total sink of U from the ocean lies in the range 48±14 Mmol/year. We find that three major processes control the magnitude of this flux: (1) removal to oxygen-depleted sediments (26.9±12.2 Mmol/year); (2) incorporation into biogenic carbonate (13.3±5.6 Mmol/year); and (3) crustal sequestration during hydrothermal alteration and seafloor weathering (5.7±3.3 Mmol/year). The removal of U to opaline silica (0.6±0.3 Mmol/year) and hydrogenous phases (1.4±0.8 Mmol/year) is minimal, falling well within the errors associated with the other sinks. That the input and output fluxes balance within the calculated errors implies that U may be in steady state in the Holocene ocean. In this case, the input and output fluxes lie in the range 34–60 Mmol/year, giving an oceanic U residence time of 3.2–5.6×105 years. However, given the large uncertainties, a significant imbalance between the Holocene input and output fluxes cannot be ruled out. The constancy of the ancient seawater U concentration implies that the U budget is in steady state over the time period of a glacial–interglacial climate cycle (105 year). A Holocene flux imbalance must, therefore, be offset by an opposing flux imbalance during glacial periods or at the interglacial–glacial transition. We suggest that the storage of U in the coastal zone and shallow water carbonates during interglacial periods and the release of that U at or following the interglacial–glacial transition could be sufficient to affect the short-term stability of the U budget. Providing tighter constraints on U fluxes in the Holocene ocean is a prerequisite to understanding the U budget on the time scale of a glacial–interglacial climate cycle and using this element as a valuable palaeoceanographic proxy. 相似文献
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Over 100,000,000 people worldwide are exposed to high arsenic groundwater utilised for drinking or cooking.The consequent global avoidable disease burden is estimated to be of the order of 100,000 avoidable deaths or more per annum from just direct exposures — i.e.excluding indirect exposure(from rice and other foods)and excluding morbidity.Notwithstanding 1000 s of papers published on arsenic(hydro)(bio)geochemistry,there remain a number of key outstanding questions to be addressed in relation to arsenic geoscience-these include questions related to:(i)the role of human activities —irrigation,agriculture and other land uses — on arsenic mobilisation in groundwaters;(ii)the specific sources,nature and role of organics,minerals and microbial communities involved in arsenic mobilisation;(iii)the relationship to microscopic to macroscopic scale geological(including tectonic)and evolution processes;(iv)unravelling the over-printing of multiple processes in complex highly heterogeneous aquifer systems and(v)using increasing understanding of the controls of arsenic mobility in groundwaters systems to informing improved locally-relevant remediation and mitigation approaches.This article further summarises how the 9 further papers in this Special Issue address some of these questions through the use of chemical and/or isotopic tracers. 相似文献
19.
Zeynep Özdemir 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2005,65(1):79-88
Soil and pine (Pinus brutia) samples were collected from 64 sites over chromite and ultramafic rocks near Musal?, and over clastic sediments of the Silifke-Anamur areas of Mersin, Turkey. Both sample media were analyzed for their Zn and Fe contents. The results showed similar concentration of both elements in the ash of needles and twigs, with each exhibiting lower concentration than the soils. Zinc was more concentrated in pines from the Silifke-Anamur area than at Musal?, but Fe concentrations were similar in both area. A positive correlation was observed between Zn and Fe in pine and soils (r=0.90 and 0.79, respectively). It is concluded that P. brutia can be used as a biogeochemical sample medium to detect concealed deposits of Zn and Fe. 相似文献
20.
海洋中溶存甲烷研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
CH4是大气中的重要微量气体，对全球变暖和大气化学有重要作用。海洋是大气甲烷的重要源和汇。开展海洋中溶存甲烷的研究，有助于了解海洋对大气甲烷和全球变化的贡献。综述了海洋中溶存甲烷的研究现状，着重介绍了海洋中溶存甲烷的分布特征、海气交换通量的估算及其生物地球化学循环，并探讨了该领域研究中存在的问题。 相似文献