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1.
等离子体质谱法测定岩石中的锆、铪、铌、钽 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文建立了用HF、HNO3 在高压釜内溶解样品 ,准确测定花岗岩样品中Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf的ICP MS分析方法。分析结果与推荐值的偏差在 5 %以内。该方法具有简单、准确、测定元素多的特点。本文还对高压釜酸溶和碱熔方法进行了对比实验。 相似文献
2.
ICP-MS分析用地质样品制备过程中Nb、Ta等元素的特殊化学行为 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
常规PTFE对瓶亚沸蒸馏HF时,Nb、Ta等部分高场强元素提纯效果较差,甚至适得其反,暗示Nb、Ta在HF蒸馏过程中存在“挥发”作用。然而,高温、高压酸溶法溶解岩石样品时,Nb、Ta等并没有表现出类似的“挥发”作用。对Nb、Ta等在高温、高压酸溶法溶样过程不同实验阶段的行为进行了详细研究。研究结果表明岩石样品中的AJ、Fe、Mg、Ca等主元素基体会影响Nb、Ta等元素在溶液中的存在形式和稳定性。当基体元素与Ta含量比值达到1×10^4以上时,Nb、Ta在稀硝酸介质中可以稳定存在,Ta回收率达到100％。进一步的研究结果表明,在HF中加入Al、Fe等基体,可以明显降低HF蒸出液中Ta浓度,增强HF中Ta等元素的提纯效果。在用于ICP—MS分析的样品化学制备过程中Nb、Ta表现出了不同的化学行为,在以稀硝酸为介质的Nb、Ta溶液中Ta的水解聚合程度和可能性远远大于Nb。因此,除了在样品提取前使样品溶液中保留足够的HF介质外,要获得准确的Nb／Ta比值应充分延长Ta的积分时间或者采用时间分辨分析信号平均值。 相似文献
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西南天山高压-超高压变质带中阿坦塔义地区新发现的榴辉岩块体呈透镜体产于围岩石榴石白云母片岩中,边部发育退变质蓝片岩.榴辉岩与蓝片岩具有相似的地球化学特征:榴辉岩SiO2为51.59％ ～52.66％,TiO2为0.70％ ～0.80％;蓝片岩SiO2为51.57％ ～54.06％,TiO2为0.86％～0.89％;榴辉岩与蓝片岩均具有轻稀土富集且内部中度分异、重稀土平缓、中度Eu负异常及亏损Ba、Sr、Nb、Ta、Ti等元素的地球化学特征,La/Nb分别为3.0 ～4.8及2.1 ～3.7,类似典型的活动大陆边缘岛弧岩浆岩特征.榴辉岩Zr/Hf=36.5 ～ 37.1,Nb/Ta=10.2 ～ 12.9;蓝片岩Zr/Hf=35.9 ～ 36.4,Nb/Ta=11.6 ～ 12.2,均类似大陆地壳的Zr/Hf与Nb/Ta比值.榴辉岩(87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.7091 ～0.7095,εNd(t)=-7.52 ～-6.31;蓝片岩(87 Sr/86 Sr)i=0.7098 ～0.7107,εNd(t)=--7.70 ～-7.13.主微量元素特征和Sr-Nd同位素组成显示榴辉岩和蓝片岩的原岩具大陆地壳性质,这也是首次在西南天山变质俯冲杂岩中发现陆壳物质. 相似文献
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为研究黑河地区金红石微量元素特征及榴辉岩型金红石矿床的成矿地质条件,本文选取滇西澜沧黑河地区榴辉岩、石榴多硅白云母片岩中的金红石进行LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析。结果表明金红石微量元素呈现阶梯式三级分布特征,最富集Nb、Ta,其次是Zr、Hf,含量较少的元素有Ba、Rb、Sr、Th、REE;榴辉岩、榴闪岩类原岩属于变质基性岩类,含蓝晶石榴闪岩原岩属于玄武质凝灰岩类,石榴多硅白云母片岩类原岩属于泥质岩类;榴辉岩中金红石Nb/Ta比值均要高于其全岩Nb/Ta比值,金红石Nb、Ta含量与变质作用过程中元素在各矿物间的分配系数有关;采用金红石Zr含量温度计获得黑河地区榴辉岩的峰期变质阶段金红石形成温度为578～605℃,峰期变质作用后的退变质流体会造成金红石中Zr的再平衡。此外,黑河地区具备榴辉岩型金红石矿床形成的成矿物源、成矿作用的物理化学条件以及成矿的物质基础,有一定的找矿潜力。 相似文献
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BPR螯合树脂分离偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法测定岩石中微量锆（铪） 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在酒石酸介质中,BPR螯合树脂可选择性地吸附Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta而与岩石中常见的伴生元素如Fe、Al、Ca、Mg、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co等以及U、Th、Sc等微量元素分离。Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta均可被2-4mol/LHCI溶液洗脱。在此基础上提出了一个测定岩石中微量Zr(Hf)的新方法。 相似文献
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阿尔金环形山榴辉岩岩石地球化学及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
调查研究发现,阿尔金南缘环形山榴辉岩呈透镜体状产于新元古代石榴石二长花岗片麻岩中,岩石经退变质作用,白眼圈构造发育,石榴石变少,石英及金红石等矿物较少,未见峰期矿物组合。绿辉石被次透辉石及角闪石替代,岩石为榴辉岩、榴闪岩及斜长角闪岩。主量及微量元素地球化学分析显示:主量元素Al2O3、TiO2、MgO、P2O5及稀土Nb/Ta、Zr/Hf、Zr/Nb、La/Nb、Y/Nb特征比值与洋脊玄武岩一致;稀土标准化模式图、微量元素原始地幔标准化图及MORB标准化图指示岩石具洋脊玄武岩特征,原岩可能为地幔岩经15%~30%的部分熔融形成。结合榴辉岩围岩年龄、变质作用等分析认为,该榴辉岩为似洋脊玄武岩的基性岩浆侵入花岗岩后,于500 Ma左右发生大陆俯冲折返形成。 相似文献
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超高压榴辉岩金红石中高场强元素变化的控制因素及其地球动力学意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用LA-ICP-MS对CCSD-MH超高压榴辉岩中金红石进行了详细的原位微区微量元素组成分析.金红石中高场强元素Nb和Ta含量主要受全岩Nb、Ta和TiO2含量控制, Zr、Hf含量比较稳定基本不受全岩含量影响.粒间金红石中, 同一颗粒金红石核部Zr含量系统高于边部, 而边部则出现了明显的Pb和Sr富集特征.CCSD-MH榴辉岩中金红石与全岩的Nb/Ta比值呈现明显的不一致性.全岩Nb/Ta比值明显低于金红石且与全岩TiO2含量负相关, 而金红石的Nb/Ta比值与全岩Nb、Ta含量和Nb/Ta比值没有明显的相关关系.金红石和全岩之间非完全耦合的Nb/Ta组成表明, 金红石并非形成于原岩的结晶过程中而是在超高压变质作用过程中形成, 尽管金红石是榴辉岩中Nb、Ta含量的主要载体矿物, 但金红石的Nb/Ta比值并不一定能完全代表全岩的特征, 而与全岩Nb、Ta和TiO2的含量有关.粒间金红石核部Zr含量所记录的温度与粒径之间具有明显的正相关性, 反映金红石中的Zr在其形成后没有封闭.粒间金红石所表现出的明显的边部富集Pb和Sr的特征, 反映了后期流体活动对金红石组成的影响.这些研究结果为金红石中Zr在高温下的扩散作用和后期流体活动的影响提供了重要证据, 这可能是利用金红石Zr含量地质温度计计算的苏鲁-大别榴辉岩变质温度(598~827℃) 偏低的主要原因. 相似文献
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【研究目的】为解决敦煌地块敖包山晶质石墨矿集区晶质石墨矿床研究程度较低的问题,通过对该区变质岩原岩特征及古构造环境进行深入研究,以期为该区的成矿规律研究提供地质依据。【研究方法】本文运用岩石地球化学方法对该区变质岩进行原岩恢复,探讨其形成时的古构造环境。【研究结果】二云石英片岩、黑云斜长片麻岩和斜长角闪岩均具有轻稀土富集的特征。斜长角闪岩K2O2O,具有弱的Nb、Ta亏损和强烈的Zr、Hf亏损,LREE/HREE=2.21～6.97,轻重稀土元素分馏程度较弱;黑云斜长片麻岩和二云石英片岩K2O>Na2O,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K等,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti、Sr等元素,具有明显的Eu负异常,LREE/HREE平均值分别为12.44和8.89,轻重稀土元素分异较强烈。【结论】敖包山晶质石墨矿集区变质岩原岩形成于浅水区,水动力环境较弱。斜长角闪岩的原岩为亚碱性基性火山岩,形成于岛弧环境;二云石英片岩和黑云斜长片麻岩的原岩为页岩、黏土岩,构造环境为活动大陆边缘,古沉积环境... 相似文献
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大别山榴辉岩一片麻岩杂岩的成因 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
大别山榴辉岩由辉长岩、大陆拉斑玄武岩和少量泥灰质经高压变质作用形成。大别地块可划分出四个形成条件不同的榴辉岩区,它们代表一种构造－岩石组合体。片麻岩杂岩中各种高压变质岩类的发现证明它们与榴辉岩一起经历了原地高压变质过程。二者变质作用Ｐ－Ｔ参数的差异归因于抬升过程中退变质反应速度的不同。不同地区榴辉岩退变质组合及Ｐ－Ｔ条件与围岩的一致性表明,大别杂岩现今所展示的“递增”变质带是由榴辉岩相退变质作用形成的。高压榴辉岩－片麻岩杂岩的产生是印支期扬子与华北两个大陆板块碰撞的结果。 相似文献
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中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔（734～933m）榴辉岩和片麻岩元素及Sr-Nd同位素地球化学研究 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：15
对中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔两段榴辉岩与片麻岩互层的岩芯样品(Ⅰ:734.21-737.16m和Ⅱ:929.67-932.86m)分别进行了主要元素和微量元素以及Sr-Nd同位素分析。结果表明:(1)榴辉岩具有较大的成分变化范围(SiO2含量为46.8%-59.8%),表现出平坦或轻稀土(LREE)富集的分布模式和大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集或亏损以及Nb、Ta负异常特征。部分榴辉岩样品具有明显低的活动性元素(Rb、Ba和K)含量,指示了板块俯冲过程中的脱水变质效应;(2)两段岩芯中的片麻岩具有明显不同的主量和微量元素组成,其中第Ⅰ段具有相对较低的SiO2含量(61.3%～66.2%)和高的重稀土(HREE)含量,而第Ⅱ段具有明显偏高的SiO2含量(73.8%～74.1%)和低的HREE含量。但两段均表现出LREE富集和Eu负异常以及LILE富集和高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)负异常特征;(3)榴辉岩和第Ⅰ段岩芯中的片麻岩具有相近的且偏高的εNd(750Ma)值(-3.6- 0.5),而第Ⅱ段岩芯中的片麻岩具有明显偏低的εNd(750Ma)值(-8.7)。部分片麻岩样品表现出较高的87Sr/86Sr比值(0.7070)和非常低的Rb/Sr比值(0.008),指示岩石Rb-Sr同位素体系受到了变质扰动。非活动性元素如Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Ti、Y、REE和Ti在脱水变质过程中没有受到明显扰动,因此可用于恢复榴辉岩和片麻岩的原岩性质及其形成的大地构造背景。根据分析样品的元素和Nd同位素特点,推测榴辉岩原岩具有板内玄武岩性质,第Ⅰ段岩芯中的片麻岩原岩为玄武质岩浆上升过程中同化地壳物质形成的中性岩,而第Ⅱ段岩芯中的片麻岩原岩为地壳物质重熔形成的酸性岩。因此,深钻榴辉岩和片麻岩原岩为新元古代华南陆块北缘裂谷构造带双峰式岩浆活动的产物,在岩浆侵位过程中经历了高温大气降水热液蚀变。 相似文献
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The new tribe Mediumiugamiini (Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Tenebrionoidea: Mordellidae) is described based on Mediumiuga sinespinis gen. et sp. nov. It is a fossil beetle from Albian (Early Cretaceous) amber from the Peñacerrada I outcrop (Spain). It is the first Spanish beetle described in amber. The mesotibiae and mesotarsi bearing multiple dorsal–lateral ridges, running oblique, metatibiae without any dorsal or dorsal–lateral ridge, only showing a subapical ridge, and metatibiae without apical spurs, define the new tribe. A key for worldwide tribes of Mordellinae, including Mediumiugamiini, is provided. Evolution of some characters of Mordellidae along Cretaceous is discussed. 相似文献
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A recently discovered articulated partial skeleton of Ornithomimus from the Upper Cretaceous Dinosaur Park Formation of Alberta, Canada is remarkable in the extent and quality of preservation of integumentary structures including feathers. It is the first ornithomimid to preserve a tail bearing extensive plumaceous feathers that are slightly more elongate in comparison to those present on the remainder of the body. However, the underside of the tail and the hind limb distal to the middle of the femur appear devoid of plumage. Overall, the plumage pattern in Ornithomimus is similar to that of Struthio camelus (ostrich) and other large palaeognaths, indicating a probable function in thermoregulation. The specimen also preserves the body outline around the legs, including a skin contour anterior to the femur, analogous to skin webs in extant birds. Whereas the knee web of birds bridges the knee to the abdomen, in Ornithomimus it spans from the mid-femoral shaft to the abdomen, and is herein referred to as an anterior femoral web. This is the first report of such soft tissue structures in non-avian theropods. It may indicate that the resting position of the femur was positioned more anteroventrally in ornithomimids than in most theropods, and in that sense may have been transitional to the situation in modern birds. 相似文献
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Here we describe an isolated tooth of a metriorhynchid crocodylomorph from the Hybla Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Rocca Chi Parra quarry (Montagna Grande, Calatafimi, Trapani Province), Sicily, Italy. The specimen shares with the Upper Jurassic taxon Plesiosuchus manselii a mediolaterally compressed conical tooth crown, noticeable lingual curvature, mesial and distal carinae with microscopic, rectangular contiguous denticles, strong distal curvature of the mesial margin, and the presence of weak 'carinal flanges' on the labial and lingual surfaces (which are preeminent at the mid-crown). This suite of morphologies is also present in an unnamed Valanginian (Lower Cretaceous) plesiosuchinan from France. However, the Sicilian tooth differs from these taxa in having more pronounced carinae, and faint apicobasally aligned enamel ridges. It also differs from P. manselii in having more extensive 'carinal flanges' on the labial surface. The specimen extends the known geological range of Metriorhynchidae and Thalattosuchia by approximately 7–8 million years. This overturns previous hypotheses of Metriorhynchidae becoming extinct early in the Early Cretaceous. 相似文献
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Tyrannosaurs and hadrosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America (Appalachia) are distinct from those found in western North America (Laramidia), suggesting that eastern North America was isolated during the Late Cretaceous. However, the Late Cretaceous fauna of Appalachia remains poorly known. Here, a partial maxilla from the Campanian Tar Heel Formation (Black Creek Group) of North Carolina is shown to represent the first ceratopsian from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America. The specimen has short alveolar slots, a ventrally projected toothrow, a long dentigerous process overlapped by the ectopterygoid, and a toothrow that curves laterally, a combination of characters unique to the Leptoceratopsidae. The maxilla has a uniquely long, slender and downcurved posterior dentigerous process, suggesting a specialized feeding strategy. The presence of a highly specialized ceratopsian in eastern North America supports the hypothesis that Appalachia underwent an extended period of isolation during the Late Cretaceous, leading the evolution of a distinct dinosaur fauna dominated by basal tyrannosauroids, basal hadrosaurs, ornithimimosaurs, nodosaurs, and leptoceratopsids. Appalachian vertebrate communities are most similar to those of Laramidia. However some taxa-including leptoceratopsids-are also shared with western Europe, raising the possibility of a Late Cretaceous dispersal route connecting Appalachia and Europe. 相似文献
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闽东南长乐-南澳断裂带“片麻状”浆混杂岩的厘定及其地质意义 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
近年来的区域地质调查在闽东南长乐-南澳断裂带中,多处新发现白垩纪(辉长)闪长质和二长花岗质岩浆经机械的、化学的混合形成各种浆混岩类,与两混合端元岩石共同构成浆混杂岩,成岩后还受到应力作用。它们因特殊的结构构造而长期被归入混合花岗岩或片麻状花岗岩类。描述了泉州市肖厝、福清市高山等地浆混杂岩的野外地质特征,并与莆田市和福清市的典型变质变形花岗岩类进行了对比,指出这3类岩石之间有明显的区别,浆混杂岩可能形成于主变质变形期之前早白垩世早期的伸展环境中。 相似文献
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Selenium fractionation and speciation in rocks, soils, waters and plants in polluted surface mine environment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A fractionation and speciation was performed to determine the distribution of selenium (Se) species in major components of quartzite surface mine environment (rocks, mine tailings, soils, stream sediments, surface waters and plants) in obov, Slovakia. A three-step sequential extraction procedure was utilised for the fractionation of Se in mine tailings and soils. The first extractant in order to evaluate the soluble and ligand exchangeable fraction of Se (0.1 mol/l K2HPO4 + KH2PO4 at pH 7.0) solubilized up to 15% of total Se content. The second step (0.1 mol/l K2S2O8 at 90°C) which extracted Se associated or occluded with organic matter released 13 – 45% of total selenium. The decomposition of the residue (HNO3 + H2SO4 1+1) was used to solubilize the remaining 35–88% of total Se as the final step. The recovery of the procedure was between 97 and 106%. Selenate predominated in natural river and lake waters about pH 7.0 (>95%) but in acid mine leakings up to 40% of selenite was found. In the plants (birch leaves, grass leaves and roots) collected from the area acidified by mine leakings no significant accumulation of selenium was observed. The correlation between total Se and S in the rocks from the mine gives an evidence of the common origin of these elements in the studied area. 相似文献
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Dispersed alkaline substrates (DAS) have been successfully used in passive treatment of highly contaminated acid mine drainage (AMD) to limit coating and clogging issues. However, further optimization of DAS systems is still needed, especially for their long-term efficiency during the treatment of ferriferous AMD. In the present study, three types of DAS comprised of natural alkaline materials (wood ash, calcite, dolomite), in different proportions (20%v/v, 50%v/v, 80%v/v), and a substrate with high surface area (wood chips) were tested in 9 batch reactors. The testing was carried out, in duplicate, for a period of 91 days, to evaluate the comparative performance of the mixtures for iron pre-treatment in ferriferous AMD (2500 mg/L Fe, at pH 4). Results showed increasing of pH (between 4.15 and 7.12), regardless of the proportion of alkaline materials in the DAS mixtures. Among the tested mixtures, wood ash type DAS were more effective for Fe removal (99.9%) than calcite or dolomite type DAS (up to 66%). All tested DAS had limited efficiency for sulfate removal and an additional treatment unit, such as a sulfate-reducing biochemical reactor, is needed. Moreover, due to the similar performances of the calcite and dolomite DAS, they could be potentially substituted and rather be used in a polishing treatment unit. Based on these findings, the most promising mixture was the 50% wood ash type DAS (WA50-DAS). 相似文献