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1.
本文报道了取自中太平洋北部M_6、M_8和M_(_0)三个站位三个锰结核样品铀、钍同位素含量的分析结果。应用铀系法测算锰结核的生长速率和翻动时间。对锰结核生长速率与化学组成、沉积环境等因素的关系及物质来源作了初步探讨。 相似文献
2.
太平洋铁锰结壳铂族元素的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
铁锰结壳是目前发现的最重要的潜在海底多金属矿产资源。由于铁锰结壳中钴的含量较高,因此又称为富钴结壳、富钴锰结壳。铁锰结壳主要分布于各大洋及边缘海的玄武岩海山上(以太平洋为主),水深大约为800～3000m,由于其埋藏水深较锰结核浅,相对易于开采,因此,结壳较锰结核更有经济价值。按其成因,铁锰结壳可分为水成结壳和热液结壳,以前为主。水成结壳的形成主要受古海洋和古沉积环境的制约,其形成速率很低,仅为0．5～5mm／Ma。 相似文献
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经过对磷块岩化学成分分析，结合产物分析资料，将磷块岩分成４种化学类型；富磷酸盐型、碳酸盐型，硅质及富铝型，并探讨了它们的成因及其与沉积环境的关系，磷块岩的化学类型与稀土元素的含量有关，但与稀土元素的组成无关。轻重稀土元素的组成比值ＬＲＥＥ／ＨＲＥＥ＞１反映形成磷块岩的物源主要来自于陆源物。不同地区有相稳定的轻重稀土比值。 相似文献
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【目的】早三叠世碳酸盐沉积揭示了二叠纪末生物大灭绝之后的沉积环境剧变，如何用沉积动力学方法获取沉积环境信息，其主要困难是现场观测不可实施、初始和边界条件未知、沉积物来源和去向未知。新的思路之一是根据复杂系统理论重构控制方程，以达到正确计算或模拟的目的。【方法】针对南京地区早三叠世和龙山组24个周期的泥质—碳酸盐沉积，构建沉积环境参数计算方法，提取沉积记录信息。【结果】各周期性沉积的垂向尺度为100～102 cm，碳酸盐层与泥质层交替出现，沉积构造以纹层为特征，在24个周期中碳酸盐沉积厚度占74%，沉积构造以纹层为特征；根据泥质层的沉积速率推算每个周期的时间尺度为5～40 ka，虽然泥质层厚度只占总厚度的26%，但却占总时长的73%；泥质和碳酸盐物质沉积速率、沉降通量、水层悬沙浓度、碳酸盐物质产出、生物生产等各项环境参数与现今深海碳酸盐沉积环境相当。【结论】该沉积记录反映研究区域古海洋环境和气候变化特征，但计算方法的进一步改进有赖于碳酸盐沉积的杂质含量、纹层厚度和保存潜力、沉积物和有机质来源等约束条件的确定。 相似文献
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鲍根德 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1988,(1)
尽管对大洋铁锰结核的成因的认识还未统一,但几乎一致认为结核的形成与沉积环境密切有关,结核中部分元素来自沉积物。因此,探讨铁锰结核富集区沉积物的元素地球化学特征,对研究大洋铁锰结核的形成机制具有重要的意义。近年来,作者利用我国首次大洋铁锰结核调查所取得的沉积物及某些间隙水的化学资料,通过把结核相对富集区的沉积物,与河口陆架及贫结核区(太平洋西部、南纬2—8°, 相似文献
8.
黎塘岩溶区土壤铁锰结核的地球化学特征研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
对黎塘岩溶区土壤铁锰结核的地球化学特征研究表明:与土壤相比,铁锰结核的化学组成中仍以SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3为主,但Fe2O3的含量明显增加,成为铁锰结核中含量最多的氧化物,MnO含量也有一定程度增加,它们富集系数分别为5．19和3．40;铁锰结核对重金属具有明显的富集效应,其富集顺序为Cr（M）〉Pb〉Co〉Zn〉Ni〉Ba〉Li,它在土壤中的含量受成土母质及浅层地下水活动的影响。元素的相关分析及因子分析表明,铁锰结核在形成过程中还具有成核富集效应、专性吸附效应和成核易淋溶效应。 相似文献
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大洋铁锰矿床生长速率测定研究进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
大洋铁锰矿床的生长速率很慢，通常为数 mm/Ma，其壳层中记录了大洋海水与沉积环境的长期变化历史。常用的生长速率测定方法有：10Be和 U－Th系放射性同位素测年法、生物地层法、磁性地层法、稳定同位素法、基岩年龄推定法，以及经验公式计算法等。对大洋铁锰矿床生长速率的不同测定方法进行了全面回顾和总结，系统介绍了不同方法的原理、适用原则及优缺点，认为10 Be法是最为可靠的生长速率测定方法。在此基础上对大洋铁锰矿床生长速率测定的发展趋向作了预测，认为微区、微量高精度测试技术的运用，以及在深入研究元素与大洋铁锰矿床生长速率关系的基础上，建立合理有效的生长速率经验计算公式，可能是大洋铁锰矿床生长速率测定发展的基本趋势。 相似文献
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爱国家第二海洋研究所之托，曾对该所采集的中国南海的锰结核（壳）作了物质组成的研究，对其成因有了初步的认识，今整理成文。1化学成分和矿物成分特征中国南海锰结核的化学成分除做单样化学全分析外，还进行了同一结核逐层剥离取样的化学全分析，所有样品还做了微量元素、稀土元素分析。常量元素是用充分研磨后的粉末压制成光片用电子探针进行分析，微量元素用直读光谱定量，H2O+、烧失、稀土元素用湿法化学分析方法测定，结果如表1.2。由表1看出，中国南海锰结核的化学成分中，氧化铁含量普遍高于氧化锰含量，即MnO。／Fe2O3多数小于… 相似文献
11.
Processes governing the formation of rare earth elements (REE) composition are considered for ferromanganese deposits (nodules, separate parts of nodules, and micronodules of different fractions) within the Clarion–Clipperton ore province in the Pacific Ocean. It is shown that ferromanganese oxyhydroxide deposits with different chemical compositions can be produced in sediments under similar sedimentation conditions. In areas with high bioproductivity, the size of micronodules has a positive correlation with the Mn content and Mn/Fe and P/Fe ratios and a negative correlation with Fe, P, REE, and Ce anomaly. The behavior of REE in micronodules from sediments within bioproductive zones is related to increase of the influence of diagenetic processes in sediments as a response to the growth of the size of micronodules. Distinctions in the chemical composition of micronodules and nodules are related to their interrelations with associated sediments. Micronodules grow in sediments using hydrogenous ferromanganese oxyhydroxides. As they grow, micronodules are enriched in the labile fraction of sediments reworked during diagenesis. Sources of the material of ferromanganese nodules are governed by their formation at the water bottom interface. Their upper part is formed by direct settling of iron oxyhydroxides from the bottom water, whereas the lower part is accumulated due to diagenetic processes in sediments. Differences of REE compositions in ferromanganese deposits are caused by the reduction of manganese during diagenesis and its separation from iron. Iron oxyhydroxides form a sorption complex due to the sorption of phosphate-ion from bottom and pore waters. The sorption of phosphate-ion results in an additional sorption of REE. 相似文献
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The Mn contents and sedimentation rates of two cores from different areas of the Peru Basin have been determined. The southern core is associated with Mn nodules of conventional slow accretion rates (~ mm/106 yr) while the northern one accompanies nodules with very high growth rates (~102 mm/106 yr). The depletion of Mn observed within the top 40 cm of the cores is interpreted as resulting from a diagenetic remobilization of Mn+2 due to the oxidative characteristics of the sedimentary column. In both cores, the calculated flux of Mn provided by the sediment is higher than the total Mn recovered in the overlying nodules. This indicates that the Mn content of the Peru Basin nodules can be supplied by diagenetic processes from the sediment, not only for the slowly growing nodules but also for the extremely fast growing concretions found in the north of the basin. 相似文献
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A. G. Rozanov I. I. Volkov N. M. Kokryatskaya M. V. Yudin 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2006,41(5):483-501
Iron and manganese in bottom sediments studied along the sublatitudinal transect from Kandalaksha to Arkhangelsk are characterized by various contents and forms depending on sedimentation environments, grain size of sediments, and diagenetic processes. The latter include redistribution of reactive forms leading to enrichment in Fe and Mn of the surface sediments, formation of films, incrustations, and ferromanganese nodules. Variations in the total Fe content (2–8%) are accompanied by changes in the concentration of its reactive forms (acid extraction) and the concentration of dissolved Fe in the interstitial water (1–14 μM). Variations in the Mn content in sediments (0.03–3.7%) and the interstitial water (up to 500 μM) correspond to a high diagenetic mobility of this element. Changes in the valence of chemical elements results in the redox stratification of sediment strata with maximum concentrations of Fe, Mn, and sulfides. Organic matter of sediments with a considerable terrestrial constituent is oxidized by bottom water oxygen mainly at the sediment surface or in anaerobic conditions within the sediment strata. The role of inorganic components in organic matter oxidation changes from surface sediments, where manganese oxyhydroxide dominates among oxidants, to deeper layers, where sulfate of interstitial water serves as the main oxidant. Differences in river runoff and hydrodynamics are responsible for geochemical asymmetry of the transect. The deep Kandalaksha Bay serves as a sediment trap for manganese (Mn content in sediments varies within 0.5–0.7%), whereas the sedimentary environment in the Dvina Bay promotes its removal from sediments (Mn 0.05%). 相似文献
14.
Geochemistry of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES site a,Northern Equatorial Pacific: Multiple diagenetic metal sources in the deep sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The major and minor element composition of ferromanganese nodules from DOMES Site A has been determined by X-ray fluorescence methods. Three phases appear to control the bulk compositions: Mn and Fe oxyhydroxides and aluminosilicates. Relatively wide compositional variations are evident throughout the area. Nodules with high Mn/Fe ratios, high Cu, Mg, Mo, Ni and Zn concentrations and high todorokite/δ-MnO2 ratios have granular surface textures and are confined to an east-west trending depression with thin Quaternary sediment cover. Nodules with low Mn/Fe ratios, high concentrations of As, Ca, Ce, Co, La, P, Sr, Ti, V, Y and Zr and low todorokite/δ-MnO2 ratios have smooth surfaces and are confined to shallower areas with relatively thick Quaternary sediment to the north and south of the depression.All nodules in the area have compositions which are influenced by diagenesis, but those with the most marked diagenetic signature (high Mn/Fe and Cu/Ni ratios, low Ce/La ratios and more todorokite) are found in areas of very slow or non-existent sedimentation; many of these nodules are actually in contact with outcropping Tertiary sediment. This paradox may be resolved by postulating, by analogy with some shallow-water occurrences, that the nodules accrete from bottom waters which have enhanced particulate and dissolved metal contents derived from diagenetic reaction in areas remote from the site of nodule formation. The metals are supplied in a bottom flow (probably Antarctic Bottom Water) which also erodes, or prevents modern sedimentation in, the depression. Nodules on the flanks of the depression are not evidently affected by this flow and derive at least pan of their constituent metals from diagenetic reaction in the underlying Quaternary sediment.Apparently, abyssal diagenetic nodules can have an immediate and a remote diagenetic metal source. Metal fluxes derived from pore water dissolved metal gradients may not be relevant to particular accreting nodules if a significant fraction of their metals is derived from outside the area in which they form. 相似文献
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长江口氧化还原敏感元素的早期成岩过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过测试长江口沉积物及间隙水中Fe、Mn、U及Mo的含量,结合早期成岩模型及地球化学热力学分析,探讨了在河口环境中影响间隙水氧化还原敏感元素(Fe、Mn、U及Mo)分布的主要因素.根据Fick第一定律,估算了Fe、Mn、U及Mo在沉积物-水界面的扩散通量.结果表明,间隙水Fe、Mn、U及Mo的含量分别介于0.8~106μmol/L、14.8~258μmol/L、1.9~14.4nmol/L及60~546nmol/L之间.在垂直剖面上,间隙水Fe、Mn峰值分别出现在约5cm或10cm的深度.早期成岩过程是影响长江口沉积物间隙水Fe、Mn分布的主要因素.吸附系数对间隙水Fe、Mn的分布也有重要的影响.吸附系数越高,间隙水Fe、Mn浓度越低.影响间隙水U分布的主要因素为Fe,而Mo与Fe、Mn之间不存在相关性.通量计算结果显示Fe、Mn、U及Mo的扩散通量分别介于3.0~10.5μmol·(m2·d)-1、35.7~439.5μmol·(m2·d)-1、-2.3~0.2nmol·(m2·d)-1及-36.0~94.6nmol·(m2·d)-1之间.沉积物中自生铀组分约占总铀的6%~67%. 相似文献
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Processes of authigenic manganese ore formation in sediments of the northern equatorial Pacific are considered on the basis
of study of the surface layer (<2 mm) of ferromanganese nodule and four micronodule size fractions from the associated surface
sediment (0–7 cm). Inhomogeneity of the nodule composition is shown. The Mn/Fe ratio is maximal in samples taken from the
lateral sectors of nodule at the water-sediment interface. Compositional differences of nodules are related to the preferential
accumulation of microelements in iron oxyhydroxides (P, Sr, Pb, U, Bi, Th, Y, and REE), manganese hydroxides (Co, Ni, Cu,
Zn, Cd, Mo, Tl, W), and lithogenous component trapped during nodule growth (Ga, Rb, Ba, and Cs). The Ce accumulation in the
REE composition is maximal in the upper and lower parts of the nodule characterized by the minimal Mn/Fe values. The compositional
comparison of manganese micronodules and surface layers of the nodule demonstrated that the micronodule material was subjected
to a more intense reworking during the diagenesis of sediments. The micronodules are characterized by higher Mn/Fe and P/Fe
ratios but lower Ni/Cu and Co/Ni ratios. The micronodules and nodules do not differ in terms of contents of Ce and Th that
are least mobile elements during the diagenesis of elements. Differences in the chemical composition of micronodules and nodules
are related not only to the additional input of Mn in the process of diagenesis, but also to the transformation of iron oxyhydroxides
after the removal of Mn from the close association with Fe formed in the suspended matter at the stage of sedimentation. 相似文献
17.
在甘孜—理塘结合带内理塘县中木拉乡附近发现锰结核。通过地质填图和综合研究,该锰结核产于结合带内瓦能蛇绿混杂岩组中的黑色粉砂质板岩中。其沉积层序为玄武岩→硅质岩→含锰结核粉砂质板岩。锰结核主量元素具有高Mn、低Fe、Si、Ca的特点,其中Mn含量为42.19%,高出大洋锰结核平均值1.83倍,Mn/Fe值较高,达8.1。锰结核中除Cr高于大洋锰结核平均值2～7倍外,多数微量元素低于大洋锰结核平均值。稀土元素具有较明显的Ce正异常,稀土总量、轻重稀土分异程度、Eu异常特征与混杂岩中的砂岩、硅质岩近似,而与玄武岩差别较大。该锰结核产出于大陆边缘构造环境,火山活动微弱,代表甘孜—理塘洋扩张到最大程度时的沉积。其时甘孜—理塘洋规模仍是有限的。 相似文献
18.
为分析贵州遵义二叠纪锰矿的沉积环境,对谢家坝锰矿床进行常量元素、微量和稀土元素地球化学研究。研究认为：谢家坝锰矿赋存于茅口组顶部含锰岩系中,可分为下矿层豆状、角砾状菱锰矿、似层状菱锰矿,以及上矿层碎屑状、块状菱锰矿的二元结构矿石类型组合,可广泛代表遵义锰矿的矿石特征。谢家坝锰矿上下矿层之间主量元素和稀土元素含量差异较大,常量元素SiO2、TiO2、S、Fe2O3含量上矿层均大于下矿层,MnO、MgO与 Al2O3之间均呈负相关关系;上矿层Fe/Mn值较高,属高Fe低P型锰矿,而下矿层Fe/Mn值较低,属中低Fe低P型锰矿。上矿层稀土元素PAAS标准化配分后呈现较明显的重稀土亏损、弱的轻稀土富集、右倾配分的特征,具有弱的Ce正异常,类似海底铁锰结核稀土元素特征;下矿层呈现弱的中稀土富集,轻、重稀土亏损,弱的帽式分配特征,具明显的Ce负异常,类似典型深部海水沉积稀土元素特征。微量元素Th/U、Ni/Co、V/Cr、V/（V+Ni）、AU等沉积环境古氧相分析指标和稀土元素PAAS标准化配分模式指示,谢家坝锰矿下矿层是在贫氧-厌氧条件下Mn2+与CO32-直接形成菱锰矿,上矿层在常氧-贫氧环境下Mn3+、Mn4+以氧化物或氢氧化物形式沉淀。 相似文献
19.
Mitchell Lyle 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(11):2301-2306
Using available information on the accretion rates and the bulk chemical compositions of oceanic ferromanganese nodules, it can be shown that the accumulation rate of manganese is proportional to the square of the accumulation rate of iron. This relationship has been used to derive an equation that predicts nodule growth rates from their chemical compositions. The equation accurately predicts growth rates up to about 50 mm/106 yr, but yields incorrect rates for faster-growing concretions. From this relationship nodules underneath water of high primary productivity grow most rapidly and accumulate transition metals most rapidly; however, nodules from regions of highest primary productivity do not have the highest concentrations of nickel and copper. Reduction of manganese within the sediment column and remobilization of a fraction to the surface sediments adds manganese to nodules without substantially augmenting the supply of other transition elements. The addition of remobilized manganese to the nodule dilutes the concentrations of nickel, copper and iron, even though their rates of accumulation are also high. 相似文献
20.
Ferromanganese oxide deposits from the Central Pacific Ocean,II. Nodules and associated sediments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Bulk chemical, mineralogical and selective leach analyses have been made on a suite of abyssal ferromanganese nodules and associated sediments from the S.W. equatorial Pacific Ocean. Compositional relations between nodules, sediment oxyhydroxides and nearby ferromanganese encrustations are drawn assuming that the crusts represent purely hydrogenetic ferromanganese material. Crusts, δMnO2-rich nodules and sediment oxyhydroxides are compositionally similar and distinct from diagenetic todorokitebearing nodules. Compared to Fe-Mn crusts, sediment oxyhydroxides are however slightly enriched, relative to Mn and Ni, in Fe, Cu, Zn, Ti and Al, and depleted in Co and Pb, reflecting processes of non-hydrogenous element supply and diagenesis. δMnO2 nodules exhibit compositions intermediate between Fe-Mn crusts and sediment oxyhydroxides and thus are considered to accrete oxides from both the water column and associated sediments.Deep ocean vertical element fluxes associated with large organic aggregates, biogenic calcite, silica and soft parts have been calculated for the study area. Fluxes associated with organic aggregates are one to three orders of magnitude greater than those associated with the other phases considered, are in good agreement with element accumulation rates in sediments, and are up to four orders of magnitude greater than element accumulation rates in nodules. Metal release from labile biogenic material in surface sediments can qualitatively explain the differences between the composition of Fe-Mn crusts and sediment oxyhydroxides.Todorokite-rich diagenetic nodules are confined to an eastwards widening equatorial wedge. It is proposed that todorokite precipitates directly from interstitial waters. Since the transition metal chemistry of interstitial waters is controlled dominantly by reactions involving the breakdown of organic carbon, the supply and degradation rate of organic material is a critical factor in the formation of diagenetic nodules. The wide range of (trace metal/Mn) ratios observed in marine todorokite reflects a balance between the release of trace metals from labile biogenic phases and the reductive remobilisation of Mn oxide, both of which are related to the breakdown of organic carbon. 相似文献