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玄武岩中角闪石巨晶较少,而钛角闪石巨晶则更少。我国只在台湾西部的马福地区和澎湖地区的新生代火山岩中发现,而我国大陆上发现的角闪石巨晶均为富钛韭闪石。我们在对镜泊湖地区进行的两幅1:5万地质填图(小北湖幅和柳河林场幅)过程中在镜泊湖西北的蛤蟆塘地区的全新世玄武岩中发现了大量的钛角闪石巨晶。该地区玄武岩为一种特殊的白榴石碱玄岩,岩石化学分析表明,岩石以贫Mg、Ca,富Al和碱(K_2O+Na_2O=9.8％～11.28％)为特征,并且Na_2O-1.5>K_2O。 相似文献
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黑龙江镜泊湖西北的蛤蟆塘地区发现了一种特殊类型的白榴石碱玄岩,其岩石化学成分说明其为偏钠质岩石,并且含有钛角闪石、金云母和歪长石巨晶。其地球化学特征与离它直距只有15km的“火山口森林”地区的碱性橄榄玄武岩具有明显的不同,白榴石碱玄岩总体上以高的Al2O3(16.73%～18.09%)、Na2O(5.15%～6.36%)、K2O(4.24%～4.92%)含量、强烈富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素和低的MgO(4.19%～4.59%)、CaO(5.66%～5.85%)、Mg#(0.43～0.50)值为特征。结合其地质背景和Sr、Nd、Pb同位素,认为白榴石碱玄岩是由被富含水、氟及其它挥发性组分的地幔柱物质强烈交代富集后的岩石圈地幔经低部分熔融后形成的原始岩浆在中深部经多级分离结晶后的产物。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地南北缘新生代火山岩成因及其地质意义 总被引：29，自引：3，他引：29
塔里木盆地南北缘几个地方的新生代火山岩类具有贫硅富碱、特别是富钾的特点 ,均属于碱性火成岩系列。大部分样品SiO2 质量分数低于 5 3% ,全碱质量分数大于 3%。按照全碱 SiO2 的关系 ,它们可以划分为 3种类型 :钾质碧玄岩钾质粗面玄武岩钾质碱性橄榄玄武岩类、钾质橄榄安粗岩粗面岩类和钾质粗面玄武岩橄榄玄武粗安岩安粗岩类。岩石普遍含有橄榄石、单斜辉石、斜长石与黑云母等矿物斑晶 ,部分火山岩中见有辉石、金云母、角闪石高压巨晶 ,岩石地球化学特征与幔源捕虏体和高压巨晶的产出表明它们具有原生岩浆的性质。岩石地球化学参数的变异趋势暗示岩浆起源于深部流体强烈活动的地幔环境 ,而不是受控于分离结晶作用。岩浆活动受控于印度 -亚洲大陆碰撞构造体制派生的大型走滑体制 ,与大陆裂谷、地幔柱和陆内俯冲作用无关。 相似文献
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华北晚中生代和新生代玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶来源及其对寄主岩岩浆过程的制约:以莒南和鹤壁为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文对华北克拉通晚中生代和新生代碱性玄武质岩石中的单斜辉石巨晶进行了主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素的综合研究,发现晚中生代和新生代单斜辉石巨晶存在明显的主、微量元素和同位素组成上的差异。新生代单斜辉石巨晶有Al-普通辉石和次透辉石两类;而中生代单斜辉石巨晶只有Al-普通辉石。新生代单斜辉石SiO_2含量高、REE配分型式为上凸型、LILE和放射性元素含量高,并具有比寄主碱性玄武岩更亏损的Sr和Nd同位素组成;而中生代单斜辉石SiO_2含量低、REE配分型式为LREE富集型、LILE和部分HFSE以及放射性元素含量低,并具有比寄主碱性玄武岩稍富集的Sr和Nd同位素组成;巨晶的结构、矿物成分和地球化学特征,以及Mg-Fe在熔体与单斜辉石间的分配状况皆说明,新生代碱性玄武岩中单斜辉石巨晶是碱性玄武岩浆在高压下结晶的,因此二者是同源的;而中生代单斜辉石巨晶是被寄主岩浆偶然捕获的捕虏晶,是不同源的。华北新生代单斜辉石巨晶存在于碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩中,它们具有比寄主碱性玄武岩更亏损的Sr和Nd同位素组成,说明即使是碱性玄武岩也不能完全代表软流圈来源的原始岩浆,其在上升过程中或多或少存在同位素组成富集的物质的混入。同时,拉斑玄武岩不是碱性玄武质岩浆直接结晶分异的产物,亦不是完全由部分熔融程度的不同造成的。拉斑玄武岩中存在岩石圈地幔物质的贡献或是岩浆房内碱性玄武质岩浆受地壳混染作用的结果。 相似文献
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在中国东部,北起黑龙江、南到海南岛,广泛地分布着新生代碱性玄武质岩石,例如碱性橄榄玄武岩、碧玄岩、霞石玄武岩等。它们含有丰富的超镁铁岩包体和各种巨晶。已发现的有辉石、角闪石、石榴石、歪长石、钛铁矿和云母等巨晶。Harte(1978)把巨晶定义为大的单矿物单个晶体,它比超镁铁岩团块中的矿物粗得多(2—20cm)。然而有的地质学家把巨晶的粒度下限定在1cm(Eggler 等,1979)。笔者遵循这一定义和采纳后一界线,在此基础上着重对中国东部部分地区的辉石和角闪石巨晶进行研究,研究情况见表1。 相似文献
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湘南中新生代玄武岩岩石学特征 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
根据３０多个玄武岩体的详细的实际资料，将研究区内中新生代玄武岩划分为５种类型，分属２个岩浆系列，判别出３种原生岩浆。橄榄拉斑玄武岩、白榴碧玄岩和碧玄岩为原生岩浆；碱性橄榄玄武岩和石英拉斑玄武岩为进化岩浆。玄武岩的矿物学和地球化学特征表现出大陆板内玄武岩之属性，是大陆岩石圈小范围热扰动的产物 相似文献
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Holocene basaltic rocks of the Jingpohu area are located in the "Crater Forest" and Hamatang districts to the northwest of the Jingpohu Lake. Although there is only a distance of 15 km between the two districts, their petrological characteristics are very different: alkaline olivine basalt without any megacrysts in the former, and leu-cite tephrite with Ti-amphibole, phlogopite and anorthoclasite megacrysts in the latter. On the basis of their geo-chemical characteristics, the two types of basaltic rocks should belong to weakly sodian alkaline basalts. But leucite tephrite is characterized by higher Al2O3, Na2O and K2O, higher enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), lower MgO and CaO, compatible elements and moderately compatible elements and lower Mg# values and Na/K ratios in comparison with alkaline olivine basalt. However, the two types of basaltic rocks have similar Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic compositions, which suggests that the mantle beneath the Jingpohu 相似文献
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Eslamy peninsula, 360 km2 in area, is located in the eastern coast of Urmieh lake in the northwest of Iran. This peninsula is a complex stratovolcano
with a collapsed center, which is elevated due to later intrusions of sub-volcanic masses with trachytic to microsyenitic
composition. The composite cone consists of a sequence of leucite tephrite, tephrite, leucite basanite, basanite and related
pyroclastic rocks. Magmatic activities in the Eslamy peninsula begin with potassic alkaline to ultrapotassic and basic, silica-undersaturated
shoshonitic rocks and they are followed by intrusions of lamprophyric dykes and end with acidic magmatism including trachytic,
microsyenitic, syenitic and phonolitic domes. The original magma of the Eslamy peninsula rocks has a potassic alkaline nature
(Roman type) rich in LREE and LILE and depleted of HREE. These characteristics suggest that the origin of magma can be from
deep mantle with a garnet lherzolite composition, a low partial melting rate which has been contaminated by crustal materials
in its way up. Fractional crystallization of olivine, diopsidic clinopyroxene and leucite played an important role in the
evolution of magmas. Scrutinizing the geodynamic environment of Eslamy peninsula rocks in discrimination diagrams indicates
that these rocks must have been formed in a post-collision magmatic arc setting. 相似文献
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The investigation of rocks, minerals, and melt inclusions showed that porphyritic alkaline picrites and meimechites crystallized from different parental magmas. At a similar ultrabasic composition, the alkaline picrite melts were enriched in K2O relative to Na2O, and contained up to 0.12–0.13 wt % F and less Cr, Ni, and H2O (only 0.01–0.16 wt % H2O, versus 0.6–1.6 wt % in the meimechite melts) compared with the meimechite magmas. The crystallization of alkaline picrite melts occurred under stable conditions at relatively low temperatures without abrupt changes: olivine and clinopyroxene crystallized at 1340–1285 and 1230–1200°C, respectively, as compared with 1600–1450 and 1230–1200°C in the meimechites. The alkaline picrite melts evolved toward melanephelinite, nephelinite, tephrite, and trachydolerite; whereas the meimechite magmas gave rise to subalkaline picritic rocks. The partitioning of vanadium between olivine and melt suggests that the meimechite magma crystallized under more oxidizing conditions compared with the alkaline picrite melts: the KDV values for the meimechite melts (0.011–0.016) were three times lower than those for the alkaline picrite melts (0.045–0.052). The parental magmas of the alkaline picrites and meimechites were enriched in trace elements relative to mantle levels by factors of tens to hundreds. The alkaline picrite magma showed lower LILE and LREE contents compared with the meimechite magma. The magmas had also different indicator ratios of incompatible elements, including those immobile in aqueous fluids. It was concluded that the meimechite and alkaline picrite melts were derived from different mantle sources. The former were generated at lower degrees of melting of an undepleted mantle source, and the meimechite melts were produced by high-degree melting of a probably lherzolite-harzburgite source. 相似文献
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西天山托云盆地及周边中新生代岩浆活动的岩石学、地球化学与年代学研究 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
天山西南部白垩纪-老第三纪发育的托云盆地及其周边出露的岩浆岩是一套完整的碱性岩浆岩系列，包含了苦橄质玄武岩、玄武岩、碧玄岩、碱玄岩（橄榄玄武岩、黑云母辉长二长岩、辉长辉绿岩、辉石橄榄岩）和响岩等多种岩石类型。野外工作显示有火山喷出岩和侵入岩两种不同的产状。年代学结果指示岩浆岩形成于120-50Ma间，为晚白垩世-老第三纪盆地形成演化阶段岩浆活动的产物。分离结晶作用是岩浆演化和岩浆系列形成最主要的因素，托云岩浆岩大致经历了结晶分异过程的两个阶段：早期苦橄质岩浆中橄榄石、尖晶石的结晶分离，表现为MgO和微量元素Cr含量随SiO2含量增加大幅度的降低；晚期主要是单斜辉石、斜长石和钛铁矿等矿物的结晶分异，以CaO、FeO、TiO2等随SiO2含量增加大幅度的降低为特点。苦橄质岩石的出现指示了地幔较高温熔融事件的存在，进而为托云盆地地幔柱的存在提供了有力的证据。无论如何，碱性岩浆的活动表明托云盆地形成的大地构造背景是大陆主动裂谷环境，对应的深部背景为区域性的地幔柱构造。首次发现的响岩是结晶分异作用的最终产物。响岩较极端地指示了岩浆结晶分离过程对岩浆演化的巨大影响。托云岩浆岩的同位素特征指示其源区是一个接近于PREMA地幔，但微量元素特征显示其受地壳流体交代改造的特点。岩浆岩的Nd同位素TDM集中在250～600Ma之间，反映了一个古生代时期形成的新生岩石圈地幔，与新疆北部地区的晚古生代新生岩石圈地幔的事实相符。 相似文献
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南极泰勒谷及罗斯岛地区火山岩的微量元素地球化学研究表明,它们可以分为两大类,博尼湖南岸、克雷克特山和鸟角的碧玄岩或碱玄岩是地幔平衡部分熔融作用的结果;罗德角和伊万思角的安粗岩是岩浆分离结晶作用的结果,其母岩浆相当于本区的碧玄岩。５个采样地区火山岩具有相同的地幔来源,地幔源区为轻稀土富集型,并富集重稀土元素。 相似文献
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The Mantle Source for Olivine Nephelinite, Basanite, and Alkaline Olivine Basalt at Fort Selkirk, Yukon, Canada 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Olivine nephelinite, basanite, and transitional alkaline basaltlavas of the Quaternary Fort Selkirk volcanic complex in thecentral Yukon represent three distinct alkaline magma serieswhich have evolved along diverging paths. They cannot be relatedby low-pressure crystal-liquid fractionation, and systematicisotopic differences make it difficult to derive them by variabledegrees of melting of a common mantle source. Field evidencerequires, however, that these three magma series are intimatelyrelated in time and space, and they share a number of anomalouschemical characteristics including low Ca/Na ratios with respectto the majority of terrestrial equivalents. When the effectsof differential olivine fractionation are ignored, the compositionalspectrum of the Fort Selkirk lavas approximates a binary mixingline between transitional alkaline basalt and olivine nephelinite.A population gap along this mixing line, located between thecompositions of the nephelinite and basanite lavas, coincideswith the compositions of amphibole and/or amphibole–garnet–clinopyroxeneassemblages observed in mantle xenoliths. This compositionalgap may represent a thermal divide separating two minimum-meltcompositions in a mantle source consisting of a lherzolite hostcut by amphibole–garnet–clinopyroxenite veins. Theolivine nephelinite endmember may have been derived by earlymelting in the amphibole–garnet–clinopyroxeniteveins, whereas the transitional alkaline basalt would representmore extensive melting of the host lherzolite. 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(1):77-93
The Mid to Late Miocene intraplate alkaline volcanic suites of western Bohemia are relict of the intensive voluminous volcanism accompanied by large-scale uplift and doming. The association with the uplift of the NE flank of the Cheb–Domažlice Graben (CDG) is uncertain in view of the mostly transpressional tectonics of the graben. The volcanism is most probably of the Ohře/Eger Rift off-rift settings. Two cogenetic volcanic suites have been recognised: (i) silica-saturated to oversaturated consisting of olivine basalt–trachybasalt-(basaltic) trachyandesite–trachyte–rhyolite (13.5 to 10.2 Ma) and (ii) silica-undersaturated (significantly Ne-normative) (melilite-bearing) olivine nephelinite–basanite–tephrite (18.3 to 6.25 Ma). A common mantle source is suggested by similar primitive mantle-normalised incompatible element patterns and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions for the assumed near-primary mantle-derived compositions of both suites, i.e., olivine basalt and olivine nephelinite. Apparently, they were generated by different degrees of partial melting of a common mantle source, with garnet, olivine and clinopyroxene in the residuum. Negative Rb and K anomalies indicate a residual K-phase (amphibole/phlogopite) and melting of partly metasomatised mantle lithosphere. The evolution of the basanite–olivine basalt–trachybasalt-(basaltic) trachyandesite–trachyte–rhyolite suite suggests the presence of an assimilation–fractional crystallization process (AFC). Substantial fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, Fe–Ti oxide, plagioclase/alkali feldspar and apatite accompanied by a significant assimilation of magma en route by crustal material is most evident in evolved member, namely, trachytes and rhyolites. The magmas were probably sourced by both sub-lithospheric and lithospheric partly metasomatised mantle. The evolution of the (melilite-bearing) olivine nephelinite–basanite–tephrite suite is less clear because of its limited extent. Parental magma of both these rock suites is inferred to have originated by low-degree melting of the mantle source initiated at ca. 18 Ma and reflects mixing of asthenosphere-derived melts with isotopically enriched lithospheric melts. The older Oligocene alkaline rocks (29–26 Ma) occur within the Cheb–Domažlice Graben (CDG) locally but are significant in the closely adjacent neighbouring western Ohře Rift. The Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic composition of primitive volcanic rocks of both suites is similar to that of the European Asthenospheric Reservoir (EAR). Initial Pb isotopic data plot partly above the northern hemisphere reference line at radiogenic 206Pb/204Pb ratios of ∼19 to 20, and indicate the presence of a Variscan crustal component in the source. 相似文献
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西准噶尔是巨型中亚造山带的重要组成部分。该地区分布有多条蛇绿混杂岩带,其中达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩带被认为是西准噶尔规模最大的蛇绿混杂岩带,主要是以方辉橄榄岩为主的超镁铁质岩、镁铁质橄长岩、辉长(绿)岩,枕状熔岩、块状玄武岩及硅质岩。对达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩带中的块状玄武岩进行详细的岩石学、岩相学、同位素年代学及地球化学分析。结果表明,块状玄武岩的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb(加权平均206Pb/238U)年龄为(375±2) Ma,时代属于晚泥盆世。岩石SiO2质量分数为45.24%~49.86%,具有高镁、钛和碱的特征(w(MgO)=2.45%~6.85%,w(TiO2)=1.68%~3.74%,w(Na2O+K2O)=2.37%~5.34%),属于碱性玄武岩系列。碱性玄武岩具有典型洋岛玄武岩的稀土元素和微量元素模式,且相对富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th等。高场强元素Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta没有明显负异常,显示其来源于富集地幔,主要组成为尖晶石和石榴石二辉橄榄岩,并发生了5%~10%的部分熔融。结合研究区与碱性玄武岩伴生的沉积岩特征、前人资料及对比邻区同期火山岩,可知达尔布特蛇绿混杂岩碱性玄武岩形成于大洋板内与地幔柱有关的洋岛环境,即碱性玄武岩是晚泥盆世地幔柱活动的产物,暗示中亚造山带在晚泥盆世就有地幔柱活动。假若这里提出的晚泥盆世地幔柱模式是正确的,将意味着地幔柱活动在显生宙中亚造山带地壳增生过程中起到重要作用。 相似文献
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The Tertiary to Recent basalts of Victoria and Tasmania havemineralogical and major element characteristics of magmas encompassingthe range from quartz tholeiites to olivine melilitites. Abundancesof trace elements such as incompatible elements, including therare earth elements (REE), and the compatible elements Ni, Coand Sc, vary systematically through this compositional spectrum.On the basis of included mantle xenoliths, appropriate 100 Mg/Mg+ Fe+2 (68–72) and high Ni contents many of these basaltsrepresent primary magmas (i.e., unmodified partial melts ofmantle peridotite). For fractionated basalts we have derivedmodel primary magma compositions by estimating the compositionalchanges caused by fractional crystallization of olivine andpyroxene at low or moderate pressure. A pyrolite model mantlecomposition has been used to establish and evaluate partialmelting models for these primary magmas. By definition and experimentaltesting the specific pyrolite composition yields parental olivinetholeiite magma similar to that of KilaeauIki, Hawaii (1959–60)and residual harzburgite by 33 per cent melting. It is shownthat a source pyrolite composition differing only in having0.3–0.4 per cent TiO2 rather than 0.7 per cent TiO2, isable to yield the spectrum of primary basalts for the Victorian-Tasmanianprovince by 4 per cent to 25 per cent partial melting. The mineralogiesof residual peridotites are consistent with known liquidus phaserelationships of the primary magmas at high pressures and thechemical compositions of residual peridotite are similar tonatural depleted or refractory lherzolites and harzburgites.For low degrees of melting the nature of the liquid and of theresidual peridotite are sensitively dependent on the contentof H2O, CO2 and the CO2/H2O in the source pyrolite. The melting models have been tested for their ability to accountfor the minor and trace element, particularly the distinctivelyfractionated REE, contents of the primary magmas. A single sourcepyrolite composition can yield the observed minor and traceelement abundances (within at most a factor of 2 and commonlymuch closer) for olivine melilitite (4–6 per cent melt),olivine nephelinite, basanite (5–7 per cent melt), alkaliolivine basalt (11–15 per cent melt), olivine basalt andolivine tholeiite (20–25 per cent melt) provided thatthe source pyrolite was already enriched in strongly incompatibleelements (Ba, Sr, Th, U, LREE) at 6–9 x chondritic abundancesand less enriched (2.5–3 x chondrites) in moderately incompatible(Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, HREE) prior to the partial melting event. Thesources regions for S.E. Australian basalts are similar to thosefor oceanic island basalts (Hawaii, Comores, Iceland, Azores)or for continental and rift-valley basaltic provinces and verydifferent in trace element abundances from the model sourceregions for most mid-ocean ridge basalts. We infer that thismantle heterogeneity has resulted from migration within theupper mantle (LVZ or below the LVZ) of a melt or fluid (H2O,CO2-enriched) with incompatible element concentrations similarto those of olivine melilitite, kimberlite or carbonatite. Asa result of this migration, some mantle regions are enrichedin incompatible elements and other areas are depleted. Although it is possible, within the general framework of a lherzolitesource composition, to derive the basanites, olivine nephelinitesand olivine melilitites from a source rock with chondritic relativeREE abundances at 2–5 x chondritic levels, these modelsrequire extremely small degrees of melting (0.4 per cent forolivine melilitite to 1 per cent for basanite). Furthermore,it is not possible to derive the olivine tholeiite magmas fromsource regions with chondritic relative REE abundances withoutconflicting with major element and experimental petrology argumentsrequiring high degrees (15 per cent) of melting and the absenceof residual garnet. If these arguments are disregarded, andpartial melting models are constrained to source regions withchondritic relative REE abundances, then magmas from olivinemelilitites to olivine tholeiites can be modelled if degreesof melting are sufficiently small, e.g., 7 per cent meltingfor olivine tholeiite. However, the source regions must be heterogenousfrom 1 to 5 x chondritic in absolute REE abundances and heterogerieousin other trace elements as well. This model is rejected in favorof the model requiring variation in degree of melting from 4per cent to 25 per cent and mantle source regions ranging fromLREE-enriched to LREE-depleted relative to chondritic REE abundances. 相似文献