共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
内蒙古乌梁素海底泥重金属元素污染评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据乌梁素海底泥（0~20 cm）重金属元素调查数据,利用潜在污染生态危害指数法评价了底泥重金属污染风险.底泥中Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Cr、Hg、Zn之间相关性明显,说明湖泊底泥中这些重金属的成因来源和地球化学行为相同.采用国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准、生态危害临界值（TEL）和国家土壤环境质量一级标准的评价表明,湖泊底泥中重金属的复合污染较严重,污染元素主要为Cu、Cd、Ni、Zn.乌梁素海大部分地区属轻度污染,仅3个排干渠入口附近为极度污染区,其他局部地区为重度污染区. 相似文献
2.
地球化学基线是区分地球化学背景和异常的重要参数.在采集和测试自贡市龙潭镇内168个表层土壤样品的基础上,采用了地质统计学方法建立了研究区内重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg、Cu、Ni、Zn的地球化学基线.在此基础上,应用地质累积指数方法评价了表层土壤重金属的污染状况.结果表明:区内各重金属元素基线值为As(3.86 μg/g)、Cd(0.183μg/g)、Cr(66.41 μg/g)、Pb(28.19 μg/g)、Hg(0.037 μg/g)、Cu( 23.1 μg/g)、Ni(24.5 μg/g)、Zn(62μg/g);研究区内Cd和Hg的污染较突出,各重金属元素的地质累积指数排序为:Cd＞H g＞Zn＞Cu＞As＞Cr＞Ni＞Pb. 相似文献
3.
湖南水口山及周边是湖南省重金属污染较为严重的地区之一,龙王山金矿床是该区中部的一个重要金矿床.为调查该矿床废石堆污染状况、是否为周边环境的污染源、污染途径、重金属迁移能力和潜在的危害,对矿区FS17废石堆进行了自然淋滤水和24 m浅钻系统取样,开展重金属元素总量分析,利用单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法对其重金属污染程度进行污染评价,采用四步改良BCR提取法分析废石堆中8种重（类）金属元素（Pb、Zn、Cd、Cu、Cr、Ni、As和Fe）的赋存形态,并利用迁移指数量化废石堆重金属元素迁移能力;发现废石堆中Cd、Cu、Pb、As、Zn、Ni重金属元素严重超标,且在垂向上分布极不均匀;其自然淋滤水样中重金属元素Cd、Ni、Zn、Cu也严重超标;废石堆浅层重金属元素潜在迁移能力顺序为:Cd＞Ni≈Zn＞Cu＞Pb＞As＞Cr＞Fe,深层重金属元素迁移能力顺序为:Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Pb＞As＞Fe,浅层重金属元素的迁移性大于深层;说明该废石堆重金属元素含量高,是周围环境重要污染源,酸性废水排放为其释放污染元素的主要途径;Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni迁移能力强,是周围环境的主要污染元素;Pb、Ni、As的迁移性在深层明显降低,可以通过埋深来削弱其迁移性,而Cr不会对周边环境产生污染. 相似文献
4.
土壤重金属含量是影响黄芩产量和质量的重要因素。选取承德市中部金沟屯和五道岭两处黄芩种植示范区为研究区，采集表层土壤样品355件，黄芩样品30件，重金属形态样品15件。在分析土壤Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Hg、V、Co、Sb和土壤有机质含量（SOM）及pH值，黄芩Zn、Cu、Cr、Co、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As含量基础上，采用描述性统计、地累积指数、主成分和RDA分析、重金属生物富集系数、生物活性系数和迁移系数等方法论述了土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征。结果表明:金沟屯和五道岭区土壤各重金属累积程度总体属无-中度累积水平。五道岭Cu和Hg累积程度高于金沟屯区，其它元素累积程度低于金沟屯区。五道岭区表层土壤Cr、Cu和Cd含量超标率分别为2.82%、1.69%和1.13%；金沟屯区土壤Cd、Cr和Ni，五道岭区土壤Zn和Hg含量超标率均为0.56%。五道岭区黄芩Cu元素含量高于金沟屯区，Co和Cu元素生物富集强度高于金沟屯区，其它元素含量和生物富集强度则均低于金沟屯区。土壤Cd和Hg元素生物活性系数相对最高，Ni、Zn和Pb元素次之，Cu、Cr和As生物活性系数相对较低。金沟屯区根系土具有较低的pH值和较高的SOM含量，区内黄芩根部As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb元素BCF平均值高于五道岭区，Cu元素富集强度低于五道岭区。土壤重金属生物有效性和黄芩重金属生物富集强度受土壤pH和SOM含量影响，其中Cd和Cu元素受SOM含量影响最为明显。 相似文献
5.
内蒙古乌梁素海底泥中重金属污染的分布特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
研究了内蒙古乌梁素海0~20 cm深处底泥中重金属元素的全量,并利用潜在污染生态危害指数法评价了底泥中的重金属的污染风险。根据国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准、生态危害临界值和国家土壤质量一级标准,乌梁素海底泥中重金属的复合污染较严重,污染重金属主要为Cu、Cd、Ni、Zn。底泥中Pb、Cd、As、Cu、Cr、Hg、Zn之间相关性明显,说明湖泊底泥中这些重金属的污染来源相同。重金属生态风险评价结果表明:乌梁素海大部分地区属重金属轻度污染区,仅3个排干渠入口附近为极度污染区,其余地区为重度污染区。 相似文献
6.
为支撑雄安新区土地资源科学管理,完善中国土壤污染评价体系,文章以雄安新区某废旧金属冶炼区为研究区开展地质调查,采集541件表层土壤样品,测定了土壤中的Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni八种重金属元素的含量和pH,采用主成分分析法研究重金属元素的组合及分布特征,通过单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地质累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价法和人体健康风险评价法对土壤重金属的污染程度及风险进行评价。结果显示：研究区土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb元素超标主要受冶炼活动影响,As、Hg元素高值异常主要由受唐河污染的地下水灌溉引起;单因子污染指数超标比例大小顺序为Cd>As>Cu>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cr=Ni;内梅罗综合指数评价结果显示54%的样品达到了污染水平;地质累积指数超标比例大小为Cd>Cu>Pb>As>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cr,Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb、As极重污染比例分别为13.5%、10.2%、9.1%、10.9%、17.2%;Cd和Hg是主要的生态危害元素,Cd中等-强生态危害比例为65.2%,Hg中等-强生态危害比例为71.3%;非致癌风险因子主要为As、Cr、Pb,95.2%样品对儿童的非致癌风险超过了1,29件样品中As对儿童的致癌风险超过10-4,研究区土壤重金属对儿童具有较高的健康风险。 相似文献
7.
为查清高邮湖底泥及出入湖河口表层沉积物重金属分布特征,评价其潜在生态风险,以湖区及周边25个底泥和沉积物样品为载体,重点研究8种重金属元素,选用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法,相似比对重金属污染等级及评价潜在生态风险。测试数据表明,8种重金属元素中,仅Hg含量（平均值）未超过里下河浅洼平原表层土壤重金属元素背景值,As含量（最大值）超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值。Pearson相关系数矩阵表明,重金属元素Ni与Cr、Pb、Zn、Cu之间具显著同源性;单因子污染指数法与内梅罗综合指数法评价结果显示,污染指数均值排序均为As＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Zn＞Ni＞Cr＞Hg,但对As、Cd评价前者为轻度污染,后者为中度污染;地累积指数Igeo显示,仅As为轻度污染,其余元素均为无污染状态。沉积物单项潜在生态风险指数排序为Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Ni＞Cr＞Zn,仅Cd属中风险,其余元素为低风险;研究区综合潜在生态风险指数RI均值为115.7,表明全区总体生态风险属于低风险状态,重金属有沿入湖河口向湖心区富集趋势。 相似文献
8.
对北京市密云水库上游某流域周边土壤重金属(As、Hg、Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Ni、Cr)的空间分布、来源及污染现状进行评价。地累积指数法、单因子指数与内梅罗综合污染指数法、多元统计分析(相关性分析、主成分分析)表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和As五种元素主要来源于矿山开采、选矿以及运输等过程;Cr和Ni污染主要来源于旧金属垃圾及铁矿开采伴生元素;Hg元素污染主要来自于金矿的采选过程。Cr元素在该流域内污染比例较大,Hg与Cd两种元素变异程度较大,污染较为严重的区域主要集中在金矿和尾矿库附近。Pb和As两种元素污染程度处于相对安全水平。 相似文献
9.
泉州市街道灰尘重金属污染评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对泉州市街道灰尘中8种重金属元素Cu,Zn,Pb,Ni,Cr,Cd,Mn,Co的含量水平和分布特征进行分析,并采用地积累指数法对其污染状况进行评价。结果表明,泉州市街道灰尘中上述重金属元素平均含量分别是泉州市土壤背景值的7.12,27.36,12.80,6.94,2.29,28.49,1.64,3.2倍;与国内外城市街道灰尘中重金属平均含量相比,泉州市街道灰尘中上述重金属元素平均含量处于中等—偏高水平;Cr,Cu,Pb在工业区含量明显高于其它功能区,而Cr,Cu,Co,Ni含量在农业区最低。地累积指数评价结果表明,Zn为偏重度污染,Cd为中度污染,Cu,Pb,Ni为偏中度污染,Co为轻度污染,Cr,Mn为无污染。 相似文献
10.
11.
Lan Wang Yaping Wang Wenzhao Zhang Chunxue Xu Ziyi An 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1183-1193
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Hg, and Fe) in sediments of the Yangtze River, China, were investigated to evaluate levels of contamination and their potential sources. The lowest heavy metal concentrations were found in the source regions of the river basin. Relatively high concentrations of metals, except Cr, were found in the Sichuan Basin, and the highest concentrations were in the Xiangjiang and Shun’anhe rivers. All concentrations, except Ni, were higher than global averages. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis showed that Zn, Pb, As, Hg, and Cd were derived mainly from the exploitation of various multi-metal minerals, industrial wastewater, and domestic sewage. Cu, Co, and Fe were derived mainly from natural weathering (erosion). Cr and Ni were derived mainly from agricultural activities, municipal and industrial wastewater. Sediment pollution was assessed using the geoaccumulation index (I geo) and enrichment factor (EF). Among the ten heavy metals assessed, Cd and Pb had the highest I geo values, followed by Cu, As, Zn, and Hg. The I geo values of Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni were <0 in all sediments. EF provided similar information to I geo: no enrichment was found for Cr, Co, and Ni. Cu, Zn, As, and Hg were relatively enriched at some sites while Cd and Pb showed significant enrichment. 相似文献
12.
Street dust is one of the important indicators that reflect the status of urban environmental pollution. There are many studies of heavy metals contamination of street dust in capital cities; however, little attention has been paid to this kind of study in medium cities, including China. The dust samples were collected in the district of traffic crossroads in Xianyang city, Shaanxi Province. Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr and Mn concentrations were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The results indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals are higher than the background values of soils in Shaanxi Province. The contamination level of heavy metals is assessed by potential ecological risk index (E r), geoaccumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution index (Pi). The low I geo, EF, E r, Pi and PIn (integrated pollution index) for Mn in street dusts indicate an absence of distinct Mn pollution. The high EF, Pi and PIn of Cu and Zn indicate that there is considerable Cu and Zn pollution. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to heavy metals contamination of Cu and Zn. The assessment results of Pi and PIn suggest that Pb, Ni and Cr present strong pollution; however, their EFs indicate that they cause moderate pollution and their I geo indicates that they are unpolluted to moderately polluted. The contamination class value with different assessing methods is of the order: Pi ≈ PIn > EF > I geo > E r. 相似文献
13.
Contamination assessment and health risk of heavy metals in dust from Changqing industrial park of Baoji,NW China 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Lijun Wang Xinwei Lu Chunhui Ren Xiaoxue Li Cancan Chen 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(5):2095-2104
The contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the dust samples collected from Changqing industrial park of Baoji city, NW China, were measured by XRF, while As and Hg in the dust samples were analyzed by AFS. Geo-accumulation index (I geo), pollution index (PI) and integrated pollution index (IPI) were calculated to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level of dust. The health risk due to exposure to heavy metals in dust was analyzed by the Health Risk Assessment Model of US EPA. The results show that the arithmetic means of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are 23.3, 16.4, 1591.8, 178.2, 0.243, 346.5, 40.2, 1,586.2 and 1,918.8 mg kg?1, respectively, which are higher than the background values of Shaanxi soil, especially for Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. The mean values of I geo reveal the order of Pb > Zn > Cr > Hg > Cu > As > Co > Ni > Mn. The high I geo of Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in dust indicates that there is considerable pollution from Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, while the low I geo of As, Co, Mn and Ni presents no pollution in dust. The assessment results of PI support the results of I geo, and IPI indicates heavy metals in dust polluted seriously. The health risk assessment shows that ingestion of dust particles is the route for exposure to heavy metals from dust, followed by dermal adsorption. Exposure to As, Cr and Pb from dust may pose a potential health threat to children and adults. The risk of cancer from As, Co, Cr and Ni due to dust exposure is low. 相似文献
14.
Pu Wanqiu Sun Jiaqi Zhang Fangfang Wen Xingyue Liu Wenhu Huang Chengmin 《中国地球化学学报》2019,38(5):753-773
Metallic ore mining causes heavy metal pollution worldwide. However, the fate of heavy metals in agrosystems with long-term contamination has been poorly studied. Dongchuan District (Yunnan, southwest China), located at the middle reaches of the Xiaojiang River, is a well-known 2000-year-old copper mining site. In this work, a survey on soil heavy metal contents was conducted using a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument to understand the general contamination of heavy metals in the Xiaojiang River Basin. Furthermore, river water, soil, and rice samples at six sites along the fluvial/alluvial fans of the river were collected and analyzed to implement an environmental assessment and an evaluation of irrigated agrosystem. V, Zn, and Cu soil levels (1724, 1047, and 696 mg·kg−1, respectively) far exceeded background levels. The geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo) showed that cultivated soils near the mining sites were polluted by Cd and Cu, followed by Zn, V, Pb, Cr, Ni, and U. The pollution index (Pi) indicated that rice in the area was heavily polluted with Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. The difference in orders of metal concentrations between the soil and rice heavy metal contamination was related to the proportion of bioavailable heavy metals in the soil. The crop consumption risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient exceeded the safe threshold, indicating a potential carcinogenic risk to consumers. The Nemerow integrated pollution index and health index indicated that the middle of the river (near the mining area) was the heaviest polluted site.
相似文献15.
In the present study, roadside-deposited sediment samples collected from Kuwait city district, in Kuwait, were analyzed for specific heavy metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Contamination assessment status of heavy metals in roadside sediments was made using mathematical models in terms of enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (I geo), and contamination factor (CF). The sediments showed remarkably high levels of all the metals, except Ni, above background concentrations in the following order (As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Cr). CF and I geo revealed overall moderately uncontaminated and moderate contamination, respectively, but the EFs for all metals ranged between moderate and significant enrichment. 相似文献
16.
Contamination and potential mobility assessment of heavy metals in urban soils of Hangzhou,China: relationship with different land uses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Concentration and distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in urban soils of Hangzhou, China, were measured based
on different land uses. The contamination degree of heavy metals was assessed on the basis of pollution index (PI), integrated
pollution index (IPI) and geoaccumulation index (I
geo). The 0.1 mol l−1 HCl extraction procedure and gastric juice simulation test (GJST) were used to evaluate the potential mobility and environmental
risk of heavy metals in urban soils. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban soils was measured at 1.2 (with
a range of 0.7–4.6), 52.0 (7.4–177.3), 88.2 (15.0–492.1) and 206.9 (19.3–1,249.2) mg kg−1, respectively. The degree of contamination increased in the order of industrial area (IA) > roadside (RS) > residential and
commercial areas (RC) > public park and green areas (PG). The PIs for heavy metals indicated that there is a considerable
Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn pollution, which originate from traffic and industrial activities. The IPI of these four metals ranged from
1.6 to 11.8 with a mean of 3.5, with the highest IPI in the industrial area. The assessment results of I
geo also supported that urban soil were moderately contaminated with Cd and to a lesser extent also with Cu, Pb and Zn. The IP
and I
geo values reveal the pollution degree of heavy metal was the order of Cd > Pb > Zn ≈ Cu. It was shown that mobility and bioavailability
of the heavy metals in urban soils increased in the order of Cd > Cu > Zn ≈ Pb. Owing to high mobility of Cd and Cu in the
urban soils, further investigations are needed to understand their effect on the urban environment and human health. It is
concluded that industrial activities and emissions from vehicles may be the major source of heavy metals in urban contamination.
Results of this study present a rough guide about the distribution and potential environmental and health risk of heavy metals
in the urban soils. 相似文献
17.
The aim of the present study was to assess the levels of heavy metal contamination in soils and its effects on human health in the northern Telangana, India. Soil samples were collected randomly from 15 sampling stations located in the northern Telangana and analyzed for arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb). The index of geo-accumulation (Igeo), ecological risk index (ERI), hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), cancer risk (CR), and lifetime cancer risk (LCR) were used to estimate the heavy metal pollution and its consequence to human health. Results indicated that As, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni were within recommended limits, while Cr concentration (60 mg/kg) exceeded the maximum recommended limit in 93% of soil samples. The HI values of Cu, Ni, and Zn were all less than the recommended limit of HI?=?1, indicating that there were no non-carcinogenic risks from these elements for children and adults. LCR for As and Cr concentrations of the soils was found higher than the acceptable threshold value of 1.0E?04, indicating significant carcinogenic risk due to higher concentration of these metals in the soils of the study region. The chronic daily intake of the metals is of major concern as their cumulative effect could result in several health complications of children and adults in the region. Therefore, necessary precautions should be taken to eradicate the health risk in the study region. 相似文献
18.
The present study to find seasonal (September 2010–June 2011) heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Fe, As) contamination and the origins thereof in surface sediments of Gökçekaya Dam Lake, as constructed on Sakarya River, the third-longest river in Turkey and the largest river of the Northwestern Anatolia. Upon analyses for the purpose thereof, heavy metal contamination in annual average concentrations in the lake sediment varied, respectively, as Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Cd. Statistical assessments performed in order to see whether the average values of the heavy metal contamination as measured at stations placed in the lake changed by seasonal periods. There found statistically significant differences especially in Cd, Zn, and Pb between seasonal periods. In accordance with the Sediment Quality Index, Gökçekaya Dam Lake sediment was classified as “highly polluted” in terms of the amount of anthropogenic contaminants of As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index values (I geo) were calculated in order to geochemically interpret the source of contamination due to heavy metal concentration in the lake sediment and the level of pollution. The As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni Pb, and Zn values demonstrated that the sediment was rich for anthropogenic contaminants. The lake was found especially rich for arsenic (14.97–34.70 mg/kg) and lead (68.75–98.65 mg/kg) in accordance with annual average values. In general the lake was geochemically characterized as “moderately contaminated” in terms of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn content. 相似文献
19.
H. Kamani A. H. Mahvi M. Seyedsalehi J. Jaafari M. Hoseini G. H. Safari A. Dalvand H. Aslani N. Mirzaei S. D. Ashrafi 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(12):2675-2682
Heavy metals are introduced in human tissue through breathing air, food chain and human skin. They can cause damage to the nervous system and internal organs. In the present study, sixty street dust samples were collected from the central area of Tehran and were digested in the laboratory to determine the content of Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The level of contamination with the analyzed metals was determined according to the following indices: geo-accumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF), pollution index (PI), integrated pollution index (IPI) and potential ecological risk index (RI). The average concentration of heavy metals found was in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd. The average I geo values for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were 1.53, ?1.88, 2.68, ?0.67, 1.62 and 2.70, respectively. Among the investigated heavy metals, zinc and copper had the maximum average EF values and were placed into the “very severe enrichment” class. Potential ecological risk factor (E r) also indicated that Cd had the highest risk, and it was classified as of considerable potential ecological risk. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to the appearance of Cd in the human environment. The calculated potential ecological risk index values also illustrated that the street dust samples presented a “moderate ecological risk.” The calculated IPI values showed that the pollution levels of the street dust samples ranged from high to extremely high. 相似文献
20.
Analysis of ten heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) in six sediment cores from Wellington Harbour show both anthropogenic enrichments and diagenetic modifications. Absolute concentrations determined by two methods, x-ray fluorescence and acid leaching for bioavailability, are not comparable. However, vertical trends in concentrations of the cored sediment are comparable. To assess levels of anthropogenic pollution, enrichment factors (enriched concentrations in upper core divided by background levels in lower core) are preferred over index of accumulation (I
geo) values because preindustrial or background levels of heavy metals are well constrained. The ten metals are placed into three groups: (1) Cu, Pb, and Zn, which show the most anthropogenic enrichment; (2) As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sb, which are often associated with anthropogenic pollution but show only minor enrichment; and (3) Fe and Mn, which are diagenetically enriched. Assuming harbor waters are well mixed, anthropogenic enrichments of Cu, Pb, and Zn, are time correlative, but the degree of enrichment depends on the method of analysis and core location. Levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn show small variations in preindustrial sediments that are not related to changes in grain size and probably result from changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediments and salinity of the pore waters. 相似文献