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到目前为止本省内早寒武世尚未发现有梅树村期和筇竹寺期沉积,仅有沧浪铺期和龙王庙期沉积存在。在济源—博爱—武陟一线以南地区有沧浪铺阶辛集组、朱砂洞组和龙王庙阶馒头组。该线以北只有龙王庙阶辛集组和馒头组。辛集组是个受特定环境控制的穿时地层单元。早寒武世沧浪铺早—中期(辛集组)沉积环境是潮下浅水陆棚和滨岸潮下带、滨岸潮坪潮间带。沧浪铺中—晚期(朱砂洞组)沉积环境是滨岸碳酸盐潮坪缓坡—潮间—潮上蒸发坪和潮间蒸发岩洼地以及潮下碳酸盐浅水缓坡。龙王庙期(馒头组)沉积环境是滨岸碳酸盐岩潮坪缓坡和潮下碳酸盐岩浅水缓坡。早寒武世痕迹化石主要产于三个层位,可分为H-T组合和L-B组合。前者为潮下浅水陆棚风暴环境痕迹组合,后者为潮间—潮上低能泥坪环境痕迹组合。早寒武世痕迹化石共11属(1新属)、16种(1新种、1相似种、10未定种)。 相似文献
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山东诸城早白垩世莱阳期古地震事件与恐龙迁移 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在诸城断陷皇华镇大山村黄龙沟存在丰富的、多样的恐龙足迹化石,在紧邻化石埋藏层下伏及上覆地层中发现了下白垩统莱阳群杨庄组多套古地震记录,主要包含波状褶皱、底劈构造、液化砂岩脉、液化角砾岩、粒序断层、卷曲变形和震积不整合等塑性、脆性软沉积物变形构造。分析表明初始沉积物、沉积相及构造作用确定了地震活动作用时形成的软沉积物变形构造类型。在早白垩世莱阳群沉积中期,地震活动具有阶段性及频发性,以单向挤压的丘-槽构造及双向挤压的波状变形为主,且后期有构造活动强度加大的特征。根据已识别的古地震记录发育及古地震活动强度分析,推测此时期发震断裂可能是断陷的南缘断裂——五莲断裂。区域构造作用使得该时期沉积环境发生变化,由湖相逐渐过渡到河流相,在突发古地震事件发生之后,在滨浅湖区域留下了丰富的恐龙迁徙足迹。古地震记录的研究,可建立古地震事件与沉积、构造演化的联系,约束构造作用的属性、频次及时限,为确定盆地及周缘构造-沉积演化历史提供证据。 相似文献
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Soft-sediment Deformation Structures Related to Earthquake from the Devonian of the Eastern North Qilian Mts. and Its Tectonic Significance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Devonian in the North Qilian orogenic belt and Hexi Corridor developed terrestrial molasse of later stage of foreland basin caused by collision between the North China plate and Qaidam microplate. The foreland basin triggered a intense earthquake, and formed seismites and earthquake-related soft-sediment deformation. The soft-sediment deformation structures of Devonian in the eastern North Qilian Mts. consist of seismo-cracks, sandstone dykes, syn-depositional faults, microfolds (micro-corrugated lamination), fluidized veins, load casts, flame structures, pillow structures and brecciation. The seismo-cracks, syn-depositional faults and microfolds are cracks, faults and folds formed directly by oscillation of earthquake. The seismic dykes formed by sediment instilling into seismic cracks. Fluidized veins were made by instilling into the seismo-fissures of the fluidized sands. The load casts, flame structures and pillow structures were formed by sinking and instilling caused from oscillation of earthquake along the face between sandy and muddy beds. The brecciation resulted from the oscillation of earthquake and cracking of sedimentary layers. The seismites and soft-sediment deformations in Devonian triggered the earthquake related to tectonic activities during the orogeny and uplift of North Qilian Mts. 相似文献
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河南南召盆地上三叠统太山庙组中发现的软沉积物变形构造包括同沉积断层、液化均一层与泄水脉、底劈构造、塑性变形层、碎裂岩及大型负载构造。它们集中保存在太山庙组中段深湖环境中,以该层段为界,其下水体渐深,其上水体渐浅。多数软沉积物变形构造与浊流沉积砂体相伴生,也可保存在泥岩层中,其形成可能与浊流沉积过程相关,但古地震活动是主要的触发机制。软沉积物变形的类型包括液化变形、塑性变形和脆性变形,指示了高强度的古地震活动,记录了秦岭造山带印支期一次强烈的造山活动。造山带逆冲推覆作用造成南召盆地的抬升,代表了前陆盆地系统中的楔顶沉积。 相似文献
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陕西境内的陶湾群和大片出露的寒牙纪地层之间，发育一套以千枚岩夹白云岩透镜体为主的复杂岩系。这套岩系实际上构成一个剪切混杂带，成为秦岭造山带和华北地台的界线，该带不是一个沉积地层单位，而应视为岩石－构造组合体，带内发育一系列冲断层，在洛南柏峪寺地区，从中可以分出３个构造岩片，其中的白云岩岩块为构造岩块。根据显微，小构造分析及岩性对比，认为冲断层由北向南逆冲，带内至少卷入有晚元古代大庄组，震旦纪罗圈组 相似文献
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在塔里木盆地塔中隆起与满加尔坳陷结合部——顺托果勒地区的深钻井岩心中,发现了大量早中志留世软沉积变形构造。其中主要包括液化砂岩脉、液化角砾岩、触变底劈构造、触变楔、负载构造、球-枕构造和复合混插构造等。通过系统地观察软沉积变形构造的岩石组成、构造形貌及样式、垂向分布的循环性、横向分布的延展性、沉积环境及与古活动断裂的关系,确定其为震积岩。结合该区断裂早中志留世的发育特征,推测发震断裂主要可能是塔中隆起与满加尔坳陷结合部的北东向走滑逆冲断裂以及北西向剪切拉张断裂。在早志留世柯坪塔格组沉积时约4 Ma中最少发生了26次古地震事件(震级M5)。这些古地震记录不仅反映了研究区志留纪构造的活动性,也是弥补主构造运动中高频次构造事件脉动性、循环性的重要证据,为重建中古生代的古构造提供新的线索。 相似文献
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Soft-sediment deformation structures are common on passive continental margins, in trenches at subduction zones, and in strike-slip environments. Rocks from all these tectonic environments are incorporated into orogens, where soft-sediment deformation structures should be common. However, recognizing soft-sediment structures is difficult where superimposed tectonic structures are present. In seeking characteristic features of soft-sediment deformation, it is important to separate questions that relate to physical state (lithified or unlithified) from those that address the overall kinematic style (rooted or gravity driven). One recognizable physical state is liquefaction, which produces sand that has much lower strength than interbedded mud. Hence structures which indicate that mud was stronger than adjacent sand at the time of deformation can be used as indicators of soft-sediment deformation. These include angular fragments of mud surrounded by sand, dykes of sand cutting mud, and most usefully, folded sandstone layers displaying class 3 geometry interbedded with mud layers that show class 1 geometry. All these geometries have the potential to survive overprinting by later superimposed tectonic deformation; when preserved in deformed sedimentary rocks at low metamorphic grade they are indicators of liquefaction of unlithified sediment during deformation. 相似文献
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Tectonic Taphrogenesis and Paleoseismic Records from the Yishu Fault Zone in the Initial Stage of the Caledonian Movement 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
TIAN Hongshui ZHANG Zengqi ZHANG Banghu ZHU Jiewang SANG Zhongxi LI Hongkui 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(4):936-947
The Yishu fault zone (mid-segment of the Tanlu fault zone) was formed in the Presinian. Periodic tectonic activities and strong seismic events have occurred along the fault zone. During the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, with the proceeding of the marine transgression from the Yishu paleo-channel to the western Shandong, uneven thick sediments, composed mainly of sand, mud and carbonates of littoral, lagoon, and neritic facies, were deposited in the Yishu fault zone and western Shandong, and constructed the bottom part of the Lower Cambrian consisting of the Liguan and Zhushadong formations. Through field observations and the lab-examinations, various paleoseismic records have been discovered in the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formations of the Yishu fault zone and its vicinity, including some layers with syn-sedimentary deformation structures that were triggered by strong earthquakes (i.e. seismite, seismo-olistostrome, and seismo-turbidite). Paleoseismic records developed in the Zhushadong Formation are mainly seismites with soft-sediment deformation structures, such as liquefied diapir, small liquefied-carbonate lime-mud volcano, liquefied vein, liquefied breccia, convolute deformation (seismic fold), graded fault, soft siliceous vein, and deformation stromatolite, as well as seismites with brittle deformation structures of semiconsolidated sediments. Paleoseismic records preserved in the Liguan Formation are not only seismo-olistostrome with a slump fold, load structure, and ball-and-pillows, but also seismo-turbidite with convolution bedding, graded bedding and wavy-bedding. However, in the western Shandong area, the closer to the Yishu fault zone, the greater the thickness of the Liguan Formation and the Zhushadong Formation, the greater the number and type of layers with paleoseismic records, and the higher the earthquake intensity reflected by associations of seismic records. This evidence indicates that tectonic taphrogenesis accompanied by strong earthquake events occurred in the Yishu fault zone during the initial stage of the Caledonian Movement, which embodied the break-up of the Sino-Korean Plate along the Paleo-Tanlu fault zone at that time. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地西缘作为南北构造带的一部分,不仅是研究该盆地形成、演化及油气成藏的重要窗口,也是探讨中生代特提斯洋关闭、新生代青藏高原隆升的热点地区。本文将盆地西缘中部及以东的新生界覆盖区作为一个整体,利用二维和三维地震资料进行精细构造解释,在天环坳陷中生界发现大量微小断层。地震解释表明：地震剖面上,微小断层具有正、逆断层并存,切穿层位差异大,挤压褶皱相伴生的特点;平面上,微小断层呈北西西—南东东向规律性展布,与西部前缘带的大型断层共同构成扫帚状展布的断层发育带。晚侏罗世燕山运动主幕,北东东向构造挤压应力由南向北传递,由于受东西向横向构造转换带的阻挡,在本区产生压扭作用,微小断层的形成受此压扭作用控制。微小断层形成后,主要经历了早白垩世伸展作用和晚白垩世—至今的后期改造。依据断层切穿的层位及改造阶段,将微小断层划分为3个期次,井震联合分析认为：Ⅰ期断层主要改善了延长组致密储层的物性,一般在延长组内部成藏;Ⅱ期断层主要促进了石油的运移,在延长组和延安组均能成藏;Ⅲ期断层对早期油藏具有一定的破坏作用。 相似文献
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塘古巴斯坳陷是塔里木盆地油气勘探的重要接替区,初步研究显示玛东构造带具有良好的油气远景,但是构造研究相对薄弱,制约了下一步的油气勘探。本文利用最新的钻井和地震资料解释成果,对塘古巴斯坳陷玛东构造带断裂构造的几何学和运动学特征进行了分析,并探讨了断裂差异演化的成因机制。结果表明,玛东构造带纵向上以中寒武统阿瓦塔格组膏盐岩为界,形成盐下基底卷入逆冲断裂和盐上盖层滑脱逆冲断裂两套变形系统;横向上从南向北,划分为3个构造段,且断裂组合样式逐渐复杂。构造带南段、中段和北段断裂主要活动期分别为志留纪–泥盆纪、中奥陶世末–二叠纪以及晚奥陶世中期–泥盆纪,断裂活动具有中段早、两端晚以及中间延续时间长、两端延续时间短的特征。不同构造段地层缩短量和缩短率反映,构造带北段在志留纪–泥盆纪缩短作用最强,构造带中段和南段则在晚奥陶世缩短作用最强,断裂活动性整体具有由北东往南西减弱的规律。玛东构造带差异构造变形受多重因素控制,包括:基底断裂的控制作用、古隆起的隆升阻挡作用、构造应力场的叠加作用、盐岩层系的调节作用和区域构造的反转作用。 相似文献
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在济南南部下寒武统朱砂洞组丁家庄段硅质白云岩中,发育地震引起的硅质触变脉、硅质触变沉陷构造和触变楔等软沉积变形构造。从同一地震触变沉陷构造中,采得一组灰黑色燧石样品。使用英国VG354同位素质谱仪和同位素质谱分析方法,测得每个样品的 147Sm/144Nd 和 143Nd/144Nd 同位素值。采用Sm-Nd 等时线法,对燧石进行了测年。获得燧石的成岩年龄为530.8±6.1 Ma,由于软燧石(硅胶体)成岩至少经历了0.1 Ma的时间,所以,地震沉积事件发生在530.7±6.1 Ma,属早寒武世早期。由于测年结果与沧浪铺阶的下界年龄接近,山东朱砂洞组丁家庄段无化石且河南省标准地层剖面中的整个朱砂洞组属沧浪铺阶,这暗示济南地区朱砂洞组丁家庄段属沧浪铺阶。本次测年得到了鲁西地区第1个下寒武统的同位素年龄值,这对确定该地区早寒武世地震沉积事件发生的时间具有参考价值和意义,也为深入研究鲁西地区寒武纪地层提供了新资料。 相似文献
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伏牛山构造带由多条近平行的断裂带和夹持其间的变形岩片组成,洛南-栾川断裂带和瓦穴子-乔端断裂带为其中的两条主要断裂带。这两条断裂带虽遭受多期强烈构造活动的影响,但主造山期的构造特征至今仍然保存完好,并以中深层次的韧性剪切变形为主,形成了典型的糜棱岩和同构造期石英脉。本文从宏观、微观、超微观变形特征及年龄等方面对这些变质流体脉进行了研究,以探讨与其形成密切相关的构造活动特征、年代及其在秦岭造山带和华北板块南缘强变形带中的作用。石英脉中石英颗粒动态重结晶特征总体显示远离剪切带只有少量的膨凸式,靠近断裂带为亚颗粒式,形成核-幔结构,位错特征显示远离剪切带位错密度较小,靠近断裂带较大,位错形态显示瓦乔断裂带以挤压为主,洛南-栾川断裂带以剪切为主。两条断裂带石英脉的变形特征说明它们的糜棱岩化过程均为塑性变形中的晶质塑性变形,形成过程均为挤压在先,剪切在后。所测糜棱岩中石英脉的ESR年龄分别为372.9±30.0 Ma、275.0±20.0 Ma和218.0±20.0 Ma,真实地记录了晚加里东至中-晚海西期北秦岭的构造活动及所受影响。其中372.9±30.0 Ma是宽坪岩块向华北板块下的斜向俯冲汇聚和走滑的年代, 275.0±20.0 Ma是瓦乔断裂带的形成年龄。218.0±20.0 Ma的年龄则反映了华南、华北两大板块印支晚期全面闭合作用在秦岭造山带内部的影响。从以上3个年龄可以看出:北秦岭各构造带自北向南演化,时代上自北向南变新。 相似文献
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LI Chunlin WANG Zongxiu WU Qingzi LIU Yongqing GAO Wanli TAN Yuanlong KUANG Hongwei LI Huijun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1531-1545
On the basis of field observations of the structures of three profiles from the Linshu region, deformation characteristics and the tectonic background of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic have been discussed in detail.Three structural profiles, whose deformations consist mainly of earlier transpressional faults and later normal faults, were developed for the Mengtuan Formation of the Lower Cretaceous Dasheng Group.Typical positive flower structures, duplex structures, and break-through faults were found in these profiles.On the basis of analyses of the structural deformation and previous geochronological studies, it was concluded that the earlier transpressional faults of the profiles were triggered by the sinistral transpression of the Yishu fault belt in the Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene, and that the later normal faults, formed during the Late Paleogene–Neogene extension, truncated the earlier transpressional faults.With consideration of the tectonic evolution of the Tan-Lu fault belt and the different drift directions of the Pacific plate since the Cretaceous, we suggest that the major tectonic events of the Late Cretaceous–Neogene in eastern China were mainly controlled by the subduction of the Pacific plate. 相似文献
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The distribution and formation mechanisms of typical identified seismites are analyzed based on various factors from plate tectonic positions, types of sedimentary basins and properties of seismogenic faults to focal mechanisms. Especially, structural styles, reserved positions, activity times, formation mechanisms and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by seismic activity are systematically analyzed. According to the genetic types of seismites, we propose 5 categories, including liquefied deformation, thixotropic deformation, hydroplastic deformation, superimposed gravity driving deformation and brittle deformation. Further, based on the main genetic types, composition of sediments and deformation styles, we draw up 35 secondary classifications. To determine paleo-seismic sequences in different times, activities of seismogenic faults, high-resolution tectonic events in one main tectonic movement and paleo-tectonic settings, and to understand the inducing mechanisms of paleo-earthquakes and ecologic environment evolution, researching on seismites are of great significance. Combing multiple approaches to identify the paleoearthquake records, simulating experiments on various soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by different magnitudes of shocking, dating precisely on paleo-seismic events, impacting on paleogeography and biological environment and on energy and resources domain are the frontiers of paleoseismic research. 相似文献
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通过野外观察,发现贺兰山中段长城系黄旗口组中发育大量的软沉积变形构造,主要包括液化砂岩墙（脉）、液化水压破碎构造和液化角砾岩、负荷构造、砂岩球和砂岩枕构造、砂岩串珠状构造、包卷层理（液化卷曲变形）、阶梯状微断层等。室内显微镜下观察发现,石英砂岩成分成熟度相对较高,但结构成熟度较低,颗粒多呈次圆状-圆状,粒径大小不等,碎屑颗粒间有泥质混入,泥质多呈不规则脉状穿插在砂岩中,显微镜下也见微逆断层切过纹层。沉积环境分析结果显示,黄旗口组发育脊状波痕、小型交错层理、水平层理、泥裂等沉积构造,指示沉积时水体较浅,沉积环境为滨-浅海。认为黄旗口组中的软沉积变形构造不是由上覆重荷引起,可能为古地震成因。在黄旗口组中第一段下部识别出4个地震事件层,推测黄旗口组沉积时早期地壳运动相对活跃,晚期渐趋稳定。地震岩的出现可能与贺兰裂陷槽拉张-裂陷的构造背景有关。 相似文献
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ABHIK KUNDU BAPI GOSWAMI PATRICK G ERIKSSON ABHIJIT CHAKRABORTY 《Journal of Earth System Science》2011,120(1):167-181
The Raniganj basin in the Damodar valley of eastern India is located within the riftogenic Gondwana Master-Basin. The fluvio-lacustrine
deposits of the Lower Triassic Panchet formation of the Damodar valley in the study area preserve various soft-sediment deformation
structures such as slump folds, convolute laminae, flame structures, dish-and-pillar structures, sandstone dykes, pseudonodules
and syn-sedimentary faults. Although such soft-sediment deformation structures maybe formed by various processes, in the present
area the association of these structures, their relation to the adjacent sedimentary rocks and the tectonic and depositional
setting of the formation suggest that these structures are seismogenic. Movements along the basin margin and the intra-basinal
faults and resultant seismicity with moderate magnitude (2–5 on Richter scale) are thought to have been responsible for the
soft-sediment deformations. 相似文献
19.
20.
新元古代沂沭海峡位于郯庐断裂带昌邑—大店断层西侧宽60~90,km、长300,km的区域内,其分布范围基本与郯庐断裂带中段一致。新元古代,该海峡盆地先后沉积了青白口系、南华系及震旦系的滨—浅海相陆源碎屑、泥质及碳酸盐沉积物,其岩石地层称之为土门群。本次研究从该海峡盆地土门群佟家庄组(由石英砂岩、泥灰岩和页岩组成,属南华系)、浮来山组(由细—粉砂岩夹页岩组成,属震旦系)及石旺庄组(主要由碳酸盐岩组成,下部夹页岩,属震旦系)中鉴别出了一系列地震触动软沉积物形成的变形构造,包括液化砂墙和砂脉、负载构造、火焰构造、球枕构造、软布丁构造、底辟构造、滑塌褶曲和同沉积断层等。它们是地震事件的记录——震积岩。新元古代中晚期(约800—600,Ma)沂沭海峡盆地拉张裂陷是它们形成的动力机制。根据石旺庄组中的微亮晶方解石脉与地震成因的变形构造(如负载、火焰、软布丁及同沉积断层等)共(伴)生的事实,并结合模拟地震试验结果分析,认为微亮晶方解石脉很可能是地震引发的饱和灰泥(方解石微粒)液化脉。微量化学元素分析结果表明,这些震积岩中的w(La)/w(Sc)和 w(La)/w(Th)值高于上地壳平均值和正常沉积层,而w(Th)/w(Sc)值则较低,深源微量元素Ni和Cr的含量也高于上地壳平均值及正常沉积层。这些微量元素特征是当时的盆地基底不稳定、快速沉积且伴有深部物质元素混入的反映,强地震很可能是快速沉积和促进深源物质混入的主要动力。土门群中发育的一系列地震引起的软沉积物变形(震积岩),再次证明了古郯庐断裂带的存在,由它们记录的地震事件也是晋宁运动乃至Rodinia超大陆的裂解的响应。 相似文献