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1.
快速气候变化与高分辨率的深海沉积记录 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
通过高分辨率海洋古气候序列研究快速气候变化的机制是大洋钻探ODP及相关的国际海洋古全球变化研究IMAGES的重要贡献。研究发现,千年、百年尺度的古气候事件具有全球性,不仅见于冰芯和北大西洋高纬区,也发生在热带太平洋等其它海区和地球的其它部分;不仅见于末次冰期,也发生在全新世和早、中更新世。尽管这些快速气候变化的原因和机理尚无定论,但至少说明存在有别于冰期／间冰期冰盖体积变化的因素（如热带过程、太阳活动等）在起作用,从根本上改变了学术界对地球气候环境系统历史的认识。 相似文献
2.
末次冰期40 ka以来阿拉善高原地区的环境演变与地貌演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阿拉善高原末次冰期（40 ka）以来的环境演变研究是揭示中纬度沙漠的发展变化与物质来源的重要依据,为不同尺度区域乃至全球气候变化间的比较提供依据,进一步揭示气候要素的发展变化。目前已有大量的研究工作及成果见诸文献报道,但缺乏系统性的总结与对比分析,尤其是40 ka以来的环境演变过程及其原因。本文通过对中西方已有文献的系统总结和对比研究,从末次冰期、全新世早、中、晚期的古气候变化记录、地貌演化记录及环境变化的原因、可能存在的问题等方面,分析了阿拉善高原地区末次冰期以来的环境演变历史。指出约40 ka到末次盛冰期结束时的环境比现在湿润,之后至更新世结束环境普遍干旱,风沙活动增强;但是乌兰布和沙漠的环境演变与区域总体的变化结果不同,即整个末次冰期均表现为干旱的环境;全新世早期和中期环境普遍湿润,湖泊、植被等进一步发育,风沙活动弱,全新世晚期环境干旱,沙漠或进一步扩大。但是,腾格里沙漠全新世早期表现为干旱的环境,并且存在争议最大的是巴丹吉林沙漠全新世中期的干旱事件,这些问题仍需要进一步研究。此外,西风带、东亚季风在不同时期对研究区气候变化的影响不同,关于研究区与全球气候变化的具体关系的研究很少,缺少代表性事件的证据。沙源的研究结果存在不一致性,由于研究方法的局限性和地貌营力作用的复杂性,沙源的定性和量化分析具有一定的难度;沙丘的形态、分布与风的方向、能量具有相互指示性,适当的风能才是沙丘建造的关键;从气候变化的全球尺度分析,沙漠的形成普遍与冰期或者气候寒冷干燥时期相对应。 相似文献
3.
气候快速变化过程与机制一直是古气候研究的热点科学问题,随着不同地区高分辨率地质记录的增多,年代学方法的改进,此类快速气候变化事件的区域差异性日益突出,对比和认识这些区域之间的变化细节,有助于认识快速气候变化的规律和驱动机制。文章以中亚黄土为主要研究对象,根据黄土沉积特征与现代气候特征,将中亚黄土分为西部、北部和东部3个亚区,在总结中亚西风区黄土古气候研究进展的基础上,回顾了近年来中亚地区末次冰期西风区气候突变事件研究现状与问题,初步探讨了在亚轨道尺度上末次冰期快速气候变化发生过程和机制。结果表明,粒度、矿物学、地球化学等指标均指示中亚这3个黄土亚区末次冰期确实存在千年尺度的快速气候波动信号,但在年代和变率上存在区域差异,这种差异除了缺乏精确的年代学控制外,还与区域水热组合和区域地形结构有关。这些冷暖的快速气候变化与北大西洋高纬地区冰盖收缩扩张、西伯利亚高压强度和范围的变化导致风动力变化和西风带南北迁移有关。今后需进一步加强高分辨率年代序列的建立,进一步遴选中亚黄土中有效的、能够独立反映风力强度、源区信息、古温度、古降水等代用指标,并结合古气候模拟试验研究其驱动机制。 相似文献
4.
通过对云南泸沽湖高分辨率沉积指标序列(硅藻、枝角类和孢粉)的对比分析,初步揭示了水生生物(硅藻、枝角类和水生孢粉)对末次冰盛期期间气候变化的快速响应过程.结果表明,硅藻群落组成首先响应末次冰盛期时期的开始变冷,枝角类滞后,水生孢粉则表现为渐进的响应过程.然而,泸沽湖沉积硅藻记录对末次冰期以来的短时间尺度气候快速变化的Heinrich和新仙女木事件并未有响应,揭示气候事件判别的准确性取决于指标直接响应气候的特征以及多指标的综合对比.综合西南季风区云南不同海拔湖泊沉积记录(硅藻、孢粉、摇蚊等)获得的2万年以来数据及序列表明,末次冰期千年尺度的气候突变事件( Heinrich 1、 B?lling/Aller?d暖期和新仙女木YD冷事件)在整个西南季风系统中都有反映,且气候事件变化区间及幅度存在区域差异,其根本原因是受不同气候系统、复杂地形(青藏高原)的制约. 相似文献
5.
大同盆地地处我国季风影响的北部边缘, 第四纪以来盆地内发育厚层的河湖相地层, 其上覆盖马兰黄土或全新世沉积, 蕴含着丰富的气候环境变迁信息, 是研究气候环境变化的理想场所. 在对盆地内地层考察的基础上, 对晚近地质时期河湖相与风成相互层沉积剖面的磁化率、粒度变化进行了分析. 结果表明: 220 ka BP以来大同盆地气候变化经历了中更新世(220~199 ka BP)暖湿期、中更新世(199~138 ka BP)干冷期、末次间冰期(138~71 ka BP)暖湿期、末次冰期(71~11 ka BP)干冷期、全新世(11 ka BP至今)频繁的干冷暖湿波动变化过程, 每个阶段仍有次一级的气候波动. 大同盆地这种气候变化与深海氧同位素以及我国北方萨拉乌苏河地区、岱海等地揭示的气候变化有很好的对应, 反映出本区气候变化是对全球冰期-间冰期气候波动的响应. 相似文献
6.
末次间冰期以来地球气候系统的突变 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
地球气候系统的突然变化是近年来地学研究的热点。取自极地冰芯、海洋沉积物和陆地的古气候记录表明,末次间冰期以来全球经历了一系列数百年—千年时间尺度的气候突变事件,证明了在末次冰期—间冰期旋回大尺度气候变化背景下,全球气候存在较大不稳定性这一基本事实。尽管末次间冰期以来这些数百年—千年时间尺度气候突变事件的成因和影响范围还存在明显的不确定性,但已从诸如末次间冰期(MIS 5e)中期的干冷事件、末次冰期的Dansgaard-Oeschger旋回、Heinrich事件和Younger Dryas事件以及发生在全新世冰后期的一些降温事件的研究中,获得对过去130 ka来气候变化过程总体上的认识和理解。综述了近年来的主要研究成果,介绍了有关末次间冰期以来全球气候突变事件发生的时间、过程和机制等最新的研究进展。 相似文献
7.
通过对青藏高原东北部共和盆地典型古土壤—风成砂剖面的释光（OSL）年代测定和沉积物中微量元素的分析,重建了区域全新世千年尺度的气候变化过程。研究表明,除Co、Rb、Sr和Ba以外的12种微量元素所反映的气候变化规律较显著,其含量变化曲线上的峰值段对应于古土壤层而谷值段对应于风成砂层,这一现象可作为气候暖湿、冷干波动的标志;区域全新世气候变化可分为以下阶段：11.8～10.0 ka气候寒冷干燥,10.0～9.2 ka气候逐渐趋于暖湿,9.2～4.6 ka气候相对冷干,4.6～0.7 ka气候相对暖湿,0.7 ka以来气候明显寒冷干燥;区域全新世气候变化中存在8次寒冷事件,与青藏高原和北大西洋揭示的寒冷期具有明显的对应关系,表明共和盆地千年尺度的气候变化与全球气候变化具有一致性。 相似文献
8.
冰芯记录中末次间冰期-冰期旋回气候突变事件的研究进展 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
冰芯记录中的气候变化是古气候研究中的重要组成部分. 极地、中低纬度和热带地区的冰芯记录表明, 在冰期间冰期旋回大尺度气候变化背景下, 全球经历了一系列数百年至千年时间尺度的快速气候突变事件, 诸如末次间冰期的干冷事件、末次冰期的DansgaardOeschger事件、 Heinrich事件和Younger Dryas事件等, 虽然这些穿插在冰阶中的暖湿气候事件、间冰阶中的干冷气候事件的成因、机制和影响范围还存在明显的不确定性. 主要介绍不同区域冰芯记录中末次间冰期冰期旋回这些气候突变事件发生的时间、过程和机制等的研究进展. 相似文献
9.
古气候数值模拟:进展评述 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
数值模拟是古气候研究的一个重要内容。过去30年来,古气候数值模拟研究在相当程度上深化了我们对古气候变化机制的理解。在轨道尺度上,数值模拟证明了冰后期气候系统变化主要是对地球轨道参数变化的响应,同时揭示了温室气体、植被、海洋、冰盖等反馈因子的重要性。针对短尺度气候变化,数值模拟揭示出大洋传送带对北大西洋淡水注入的敏感性。在构造尺度上,数值模拟揭示了气候系统对于高原抬升、海道开合、大陆漂移导致的古地理变化、大气CO2浓度变化和太阳常数变化等的响应,揭示了气候系统突变对驱动因子阈值的敏感性。目前,古气候模拟研究中还存在分辨率不高、模拟结果与记录不完全吻合、模拟的边界条件不清楚等诸多问题。今后古气候模拟研究的改进有赖于模式的改进和计算机运算速度的提高,也有赖于对变化机制的更深理解和对边界条件更精确的重建。 相似文献
10.
青藏高原东北部泥炭沉积粒度与元素记录的全新世千年尺度的气候变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对青藏高原东北部共和盆地泥炭沉积的粒度与地球化学元素分析, 重建了区域全新世千年尺度的气候变化过程. 结果显示: 10.0~8.6 cal ka BP区域暖湿程度逐渐增加, 但在8.6~7.1 cal ka BP气候相对寒冷干燥, 7.1~3.8 cal ka BP 暖湿程度总体上为全新世最佳, 但也出现明显的气候波动, 3.8~0.5 cal ka BP气候向冷干方向发展, 0.5 cal ka BP以来气候又逐渐转向暖湿. 这一特征与中国东部季风区的气候变化有很好的一致性. 此外, 区域全新世气候变化过程中存在10次千年尺度的寒冷事件, 并与高原冰芯、 湖泊、 泥炭和风成沉积记录的古气候变化, 甚至与北半球高低纬度的气候变化都具有良好的可比性. 因此, 认为区域全新世气候变化具有"季风模式"与"千年尺度震荡"的双重特点. 相似文献
11.
Rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is one of the most important aspects in paleoclimate study. It has
been found that rapid climate change at millennial and centennial scales is a global phenomenon during both the glacial age
and the Holocene with amplitudes typical of geological or astronomical time-scales. Simulations of glacial and Holocene climate
changes have demonstrated the response of the climate system to the changes of earth orbital parameter and the importance
of variations in feedbacks of ocean, vegetation, icecap and greenhouse gases. Modeling experiments suggest that the Atlantic
thermohaline circulation was sensitive to the freshwater input into the North Atlantic and was closely related to the rapid
climate changes during the last glacial age and the Holocene. Adopting the Earth-system models of intermediate complexity
(EMICs), CLIMBER-2, the response of East Asian climate change to Dansgaard/Oeschger and Heinrich events during the typical
last glacial period (60 ka B.P.-20 ka B.P.) and impacts of ice on the Tibetan plateau on Holocene climate change were stimulated,
studied and revealed. Further progress of paleoclimate modeling depends on developing finer-grid models and reconstructing
more reliable boundary conditions. More attention should be paid on the study of mechanisms of abrupt climatic changes as
well as regional climate changes in the background of global climate change.
__________
Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(10): 1054–1065 [译自: 地球科学进展] 相似文献
12.
Chris Turney Mike Baillie Steve Clemens David Brown Jonathan Palmer Jonathan Pilcher Paula Reimer Hanns Hubert Leuschner 《第四纪科学杂志》2005,20(6):511-518
The temporal and spatial extent of Holocene climate change is an area of considerable uncertainty, with solar forcing recently proposed to be the origin of cycles identified in the North Atlantic region. To address these issues we have developed an annually resolved record of changes in Irish bog tree populations over the last 7468 years which, together with radiocarbon‐dated bog and lake‐edge populations, extend the dataset back to ～9000 yr ago. The Irish trees underpin the internationally accepted radiocarbon calibration curve, used to derive a proxy of solar activity, and allow us to test solar forcing of Holocene climate change. Tree populations and age structures provide unambiguous evidence of major shifts in Holocene surface moisture, with a dominant cyclicity of 800 yr, similar to marine cycles in the North Atlantic, indicating significant changes in the latitude and intensity of zonal atmospheric circulation across the region. The cycles, however, are not coherent with changes in solar activity (both being on the same absolute timescale), indicating that Holocene North Atlantic climate variability at the millennial and centennial scale is not driven by a linear response to changes in solar activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
本文试图介绍发生在非冰期,主要是全新世的突然气候变化研究所取得的进展,包括山地冰川和深海沉积物所记录的全新世突然气候变化,季风和干旱气候突然变化,以及突然气候变化与太阳变化的关系。太阳变化对整个全新世气候变化的影响似乎正愈来愈明晰起来。 相似文献
14.
Reconstructions of past climatic changes on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau(NETP) can provide insights into the Asian summer monsoon(ASM) variability. However, the regional climate changes on both orbital and suborbital time scales since the late Glacial remain controversial. Here we present the results of high-resolution geochemical and grain-size analyses of a sediment core from Genggahai Lake, a small, shallow lake in this area. Changes of the accumulation rate of the core sediments show a similar trend with variations of the coarse fraction. Accordingly, the chronological framework is constructed using a grain-size age model. In addition, the histories of chemical weathering and aeolian activity since the late Glacial are reconstructed based on the Al/Ti ratios and coarse fractions, respectively. The results suggest that an enhanced chemical weathering and a weakened aeolian activity occurred on the NETP under a warmer, wetter climate during the early to mid-Holocene(11.3–6.3 ka cal BP), compared with the late Glacial(17.1–11.3 ka cal BP) and the late Holocene(6.3 ka cal BP to present), which responded mainly to the strengthened ASM on orbital time scale. In addition, the synchronous occurrences of weakened chemical weathering, low lake level and intense aeolian activity on suborbital time scale reflect several episodes of weakened ASM. Furthermore, these episodes largely coincide with the centennial-to millennial-scale cold events in the North Atlantic, which demonstrates the close connection between the ASM and the cooling at high latitudes. 相似文献
15.
Michael B. Hillesheim David A. Hodell Barbara W. Leyden Mark Brenner Jason H. Curtis Flavio S. Anselmetti Daniel Ariztegui David G. Buck Thomas P. Guilderson Michael F. Rosenmeier Douglas W. Schnurrenberger 《第四纪科学杂志》2005,20(4):363-376
The transition from arid glacial to moist early Holocene conditions represented a profound change in northern lowland Neotropical climate. Here we report a detailed record of changes in moisture availability during the latter part of this transition (～11 250 to 7500 cal. yr BP) inferred from sediment cores retrieved in Lake Petén Itzá, northern Guatemala. Pollen assemblages demonstrate that a mesic forest had been largely established by ～11 250 cal. yr BP, but sediment properties indicate that lake level was more than 35 m below modern stage. From 11 250 to 10 350 cal. yr BP, during the Preboreal period, lithologic changes in sediments from deep‐water cores (>50 m below modern water level) indicate several wet–dry cycles that suggest distinct changes in effective moisture. Four dry events (designated PBE1‐4) occurred centred at 11 200, 10 900, 10 700 and 10 400 cal. yr BP and correlate with similar variability observed in the Cariaco Basin titanium record and glacial meltwater pulses into the Gulf of Mexico. After 10 350 cal. yr BP, multiple sediment proxies suggest a shift to a more persistently moist early Holocene climate. Comparison of results from Lake Petén Itzá with other records from the circum‐Caribbean demonstrates a coherent climate response during the entire span of our record. Furthermore, lowland Neotropical climate during the late deglacial and early Holocene period appears to be tightly linked to climate change in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. We speculate that the observed changes in lowland Neotropical precipitation were related to the intensity of the annual cycle and associated displacements in the mean latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Azores–Bermuda high‐pressure system. This mechanism operated on millennial‐to‐submillennial timescales and may have responded to changes in solar radiation, glacial meltwater, North Atlantic sea ice, and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
全新世暖湿气候背景下的代表性气候突变是发生在约8.2kaB.P. 和4.2kaB.P. 的气候突然变冷变干的事件。对于气候突变事件的出现,海洋环流被普遍认为是其中的关键环节。科学家们利用不同类型的气候模式进行过个例和机理模拟试验,但还未能对气候突变机理做出合理的解释。本研究使用一个中等复杂程度的地球系统模式EMIC ( Earth-system Models Intermediate Complexity) MPM-2,模拟研究了全新世气候背景下北大西洋区域,淡水强迫机制作用对温盐环流以及全球气候的可能影响、气候系统响应和恢复时间特征以及南北半球的差异。模拟结果表明海洋对北大西洋淡水通量异常的强度响应敏感,海洋环流对热量和盐份的输送与淡水通量异常强度之间的平衡决定了温盐环流能否对淡水强迫产生不可逆转变,当淡水通量异常达到某一阈值后可能引起海洋和气候平衡态的改变。同时还发现,在气候变化过程中,两次淡水通量异常对海洋和大气系统的强迫作用是不同的,首次淡水通量异常对气候平衡态的影响要远大于其后的淡水通量异常。模拟结果还表明,北大西洋海洋的异常状况可以通过海洋、大气等各圈层相互作用传递到不同圈层和空间区域,在南北半球出现不同的响应特征。上述模拟结果对于认识全新世气候变化特征、不同突变事件之间的关系及其对现代气候的可能影响具有启发意义。 相似文献
17.
The occurrence of a millennial‐scale bipolar climate seesaw has been documented in detail for the last glacial period and Termination. There is, however, debate whether it occurs during interglacials and if it does what influence it could have on future climate. We present here new evidence from a North East Atlantic Ocean deep‐sea core which supports the hypothesis for a Holocene bipolar climate seesaw. BENGAL Site 13078#16, from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, is 4844 m deep and situated at the North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) interface. Planktic foraminiferal fragment accumulation rate data at this site is an indicator of coarse carbonate dissolution, which is highly sensitive to the incursion of under‐saturated AABW. Five dissolution peaks have been identified, which seem to occur approximately 500 a after each of the North Atlantic 'Bond' ice rafting pulses, suggesting a subsequent subtle shallowing of AABW. This indicates a possible lagged climatic link between North East Atlantic surface water conditions and AABW production in the Southern Ocean during the Holocene. This provides the first tentative evidence that there was a Holocene bipolar climate seesaw and that the deep ocean was involved. This study also suggests that extremely sensitive locations need to be sought as the Holocene bipolar climate seesaw seems to be very subtle compared with its glacial counterparts. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Tephra provides regional chronostratigraphical marker horizons that can link different climate archives with highly needed accuracy and precision. The results presented in this work exemplify, however, that the intermittent storage of tephra in ice sheets and during its subsequent iceberg transport, especially during glacial stages, constitutes a potential source of serious error for the application of tephrochronology to Nordic Seas and North Atlantic sediment archives. The peak shard concentration of the rhyolitic component of the North Atlantic Ash Zone II (NAAZ‐II) tephra complex, often used to correlate marine and ice core records in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3, is shown to lag the eruption event by ca. 100–400 years in some North Atlantic and Norwegian Sea cores. While still allowing for a correlation of archives on millennial timescales, this time delay in deposition is a major obstacle when addressing the lead–lag relationship on short timescales (years to centuries). A precise and accurate determination of lead–lag relationships between archives recording different parts of the climate system is crucial in order to test hypotheses about the processes leading to abrupt climate change and to evaluate results from climate models. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献