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1.
全球大洋深海有孔虫碳同位素(δ13C)记录中广泛发现40万年周期,这一周期可能与偏心率长周期的轨道驱动有关.1.6 Ma以来,δ13C的这一长周期拉长到50万年,且重值期不再与偏心率低值对应.目前对δ13C 40万年周期的成因及其周期拉长的机制还不明确.这里使用了包含9个箱体的箱式模型,用于研究热带过程与冰盖相互作用及其对大洋碳循环的影响.模拟结果显示当北半球高纬海区海冰迅速增大时冰盖迅速融化,进入冰消期,而当海冰快速消失后,冰盖则重新缓慢增长.冰盖变化具有冰期长,间冰期短的非对称形态.在季节性太阳辐射量的驱动下冰盖变化具有10万年冰期-间冰期旋回.当冰盖融化速率受北半球高纬夏季太阳辐射量控制时,冰盖变化的岁差周期明显加强,相位与地质记录一致,说明轨道驱动可以通过非线性相位锁定机制使冰盖变化与其在相位上保持一致.海冰的阻隔效应使大气中CO2在冰消期时增多.冰期时大洋环流减弱使大气中CO2逐渐减少.当模型只有ETP驱动的风化作用而不考虑冰盖变化时,模拟的δ13C记录显示极强的40万年周期,体现了大洋碳储库对热带风化过程的响应.当同时考虑冰盖变化和风化作用时,模拟的δ13C结果中40万年周期减弱而10万年周期加强,并且40万年周期上碳储库与偏心率的相位与不考虑冰盖变化时的相位也存在差异,反映了冰盖变化引起的洋流改组压制了大洋碳循环对热带过程的响应. 相似文献
2.
解读末次冰消期全球水文气候演变过程对于理解气候系统对内外强迫的响应具有重要意义. 以冲绳海槽中部OKI02岩心为材料,通过浮游有孔虫Globigerinodes ruber和Pulleniatina obliquiloculata壳体Mg/Ca比值分别重建了19 ka BP以来海槽中部表层和温跃层海水温度（SST和TWT）,结合浮游有孔虫群落组成变化重点恢复了末次冰消期（~18~11.7 ka BP）上层水体温度变化的特征和过程. 结果显示SST在LGM显著偏低,末次冰消期表现为显著的千年尺度变化,清楚地记录了HS1、B/A、YD等快速气候波动事件. 19 ka BP以来重建的TWT整体呈明显的上升趋势,但波动频繁而剧烈,末次冰消期相对较低,未显示显著的千年尺度变化. 对比北半球高纬和热带太平洋的记录发现,末次冰消期冲绳海槽中部SST开始上升的时间基本与前者相当,但明显滞后于热带西太平洋;冰消期其变化模式明显区别于热带西太平洋持续稳定的升温过程,而更类似于北半球高纬区的变化. 与SST明显不同,海槽区温跃层的升温（~18 ka BP）明显早于北半球高纬变暖,却接近于热带西太平洋海表温度开始上升的时间;且TWT的上升和波动方式也更接近于热带太平洋海温的变化模式. 对末次冰消期SST和TWT差异化演变的分析表明,AMOC对中低纬大气环流的影响可能通过东亚冬季风强度的变化控制了海槽区SST的演变,而热带太平洋ENSO过程则可能通过黑潮强度的变化决定了区域TWT的演化. 末次冰消期冲绳海槽中部SST和TWT演化存在明显的脱耦现象,显示了其与高、低纬海洋和气候变化之间的密切联系. 相似文献
3.
《地球科学进展》2017,(12)
2013年启动的国际大洋发现计划(IODP)针对当前大气温室气体浓度急剧升高和全球变暖的气候变化现状,提出全球气候对CO2增高的响应、冰盖和海平面对全球变暖的响应、中—低纬水文循环的变化机制以及海洋碳化学体系的缓冲能力等4个科学挑战。截至2017年8月已经完成的8个IODP气候变化主题航次聚焦于亚洲—太平洋—印度洋区域的季风过程和西太平洋暖池的新生代演变,着重探索轨道—千年尺度上亚洲季风系统的变化特征和主导机制,以及构造时间尺度上亚洲季风与青藏高原隆升和剥蚀的动力联系。未来2年IODP将瞄准南半球高纬的冰盖、海冰、洋流和碳循环等气候因子,重点考察新生代西南极冰盖和海冰变化、白垩纪和古近纪南大洋的海洋环流和碳循环等。因此,IODP旨在深入探索以亚洲季风和西太平洋暖池为代表的热带海洋气候过程和以西南极冰盖为代表的高纬气候因子在多种时间尺度上的演变,为认识当前气候变化、预测未来气候趋势提供自然变化的科学依据。中国的优势在于全球季风概念和热带驱动假说方面的研究,特别是巽他陆架的气候效应。 相似文献
4.
南极地区晚第四纪环境及其与全球变化的关系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
南极无冰区和冰芯的记录均表明,晚更新世以来南极地区的环境和气候变化是与全球变化一致的。在最近几十年,大气CO2含量增加已引起南极地区气温升高,冰盖前缘缓慢消退。温室效应将促使南极冰盖（首先是陆缘冰）部分融化,但不可能崩溃。在今后50年内,南极冰盖部分消融引起的海面上升幅度将不超过2m。 相似文献
5.
地球圈层相互作用中的深海过程和深海记录（II）：气候变化的热带驱动与碳循环 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
地球轨道变化驱动冰期旋回的理论是气候演变研究在20世纪的最大突破。然而以65°N太阳辐射量为准的传统轨道理论，忽视了低纬区和碳循环的作用。本项目以“西太平洋暖池”为重点，通过地质资料和气候数值模拟的结合，揭示了“西太平洋暖池”和东亚季风发育的阶段性，发现了暖池海区冰消期表层水升温超前于北半球冰盖的融化。在南沙海区发现了碳同位素有40~50万年长周期，经过全球对比和对意大利上新世地层的实测与分析，证明这是世界大洋碳储库对于地球运行轨道偏心率长周期的响应，并推测是通过浮游植物群改变有机碳在海洋碳沉积中的比例所致。研究表明热带驱动和碳循环在气候演变中重要性，其正确认识是预测气候长期演变趋势的前提。是“深海973”项目总结报道之后的续篇，对上述成果作专题讨论。 相似文献
6.
气候变化轨道驱动的发现,使古气候研究进入了定量探索变化机理的新阶段。然而经典版本的米兰科维奇学说只考虑北半球高纬区的辐射量变化,与新发现的地质记录和热带过程在现代气候中所起的作用相矛盾。文章简要地综述以贸易风与季风系统为主的低纬过程如何响应轨道变化,指出岁差与偏心率周期通过驱动热带过程影响全球气候的重要性,建议在古气候研究中发展新思路,重视区别高、低纬区不同过程的轨道周期,从高、低纬区相互作用的角度研究气候变化的机理。 相似文献
7.
通过对黄土高原西峰黄土剖面S5古土壤层的蜗牛化石组合研究发现,西峰地区在S5形成时（对应海洋氧同位素MIS1513期）气候环境经历了几次显著的波动。MIS15期地层中绝大多数蜗牛壳体被溶蚀,气候非常暖湿,夏季风强盛;MIS14是个弱冰期,蜗牛组合显示气候以凉湿为主,仍然有较强的夏季风影响;MIS13期以暖湿的气候为主,夏季风增强。对温湿蜗牛种类冠状砂螺（Gastrocopta coreana）含量变化的功率谱分析显示出明显的23ka周期,表明岁差轨道驱动的低纬太阳辐射是控制黄土高原夏季风变化的主导因素;冷干种类杂色虹蛹螺（Pupilla aeoli）含量变化具有明显的100ka和弱的43ka周期,说明即使在气候特征总体暖湿的背景下,冬季风仍具有以全球冰量（100ka）为主导周期的变化特征。在海洋和冰芯记录中MIS13和MIS15时期并不是最温暖的间冰期,但在黄土高原受到强夏季风的持续影响,这可能与此时北半球夏季太阳辐射量的增强和北大西洋深层流强度的加强有关。S5中S5SS1与S5SS3两层强烈发育的古土壤可能有着不同的发育机制,S5SS1因其较发育的母质、超长的成壤期,形成了比S5SS3更强的成壤特征。分析认为全球冰量与轨道驱动的北半球太阳辐射对MIS1513时期黄土高原气候环境的演替和冬、夏季风的消长起了主导作用。 相似文献
8.
利用1650～1750年逐年变化的太阳辐照度等外强迫资料,驱动中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG发展的快速气候系统模式FGOALS_gl,模拟了小冰期(LIA)气候.把模拟的LIA表面温度变化与重建资料进行对比,结果表明FGOALS_gl对LIA气候具有较强的模拟能力,说明太阳辐照度的自然变化是导致小冰期气候的重要成因.模拟结果显示,LIA时期纬向平均温度变化表现为整个对流层降温,低纬度地Ⅸ的降温中心位于对流层中层,北半球降温幅度大于南半球,高纬地区的降温幅度大于低纬地区.分析发现,中高纬地区的局地温度变化主要与环流异常相对应的冷暖平流有关;低纬地区的降温主要与赤道东风加强有关,东风增强通过增大蒸发和引起次表层冷海水上翻而令表层温度降低.LIA时期的降水变化丰要位于中低纬地区,表现为日界线东(西)侧降水的负(正)异常.与降水异常相对应.Walker环流加强,东太平洋对流活动减弱,它与低纬地区对流层中层冷异常相联系.与大气层顶净短波辐射异常的季节变化相对应,南、北半球夏季平均表面温度异常较之冬季低0.28℃左右. 相似文献
9.
始新世-渐新世界线的全球气候事件：从“温室”到“冰室” 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
新生代以来,全球气候在持续不断的变冷,从两极无冰的"温室地球"变为现今两极终年有冰的"冰室地球",经历了多次冰盖扩张的变冷事件。始新世-渐新世界线（E/O）附近,δ18O值大幅度正偏,在短期内由 1．2‰迅速增加到 3．0‰,底层海水温度从12 ℃降低为 4．5 ℃。保存在大洋和大陆中的记录表明：E/O界线附近,全球气温大幅降低,海陆生物均有不同程度的灭绝,指示了气候变冷、变干的趋势。始新世-渐新世转换期间,南极洲与澳大利亚之间的塔斯曼尼亚海道和南极洲与南美洲之间的德雷克海峡（DrakeStrait）相继打开,形成环南极洋流,从而阻止赤道地区的热量向南极传送,导致南极大陆"热隔绝",使南极大陆东部为冰川所覆盖。最近的研究显示,E/O事件是与大气CO2含量快速变化密切相关的瞬时气候变化,其变化速率类似于现今地球由于人类活动引起大气CO2的变化,表明大气CO2浓度的变化在这一事件中起了极为重要的作用。 相似文献
10.
利用1650～1750年逐年变化的太阳辐照度等外强迫资料,驱动中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG发展的快速气候系统模式FGOALS_gl,模拟了小冰期(LIA)气候。把模拟的LIA表面温度变化与重建资料进行对比,结果表明FGOALS_gl对LIA气候具有较强的模拟能力,说明太阳辐照度的自然变化是导致小冰期气候的重要成因。模拟结果显示,LIA时期纬向平均温度变化表现为整个对流层降温,低纬度地区的降温中心位于对流层中层,北半球降温幅度大于南半球,高纬地区的降温幅度大于低纬地区。分析发现,中高纬地区的局地温度变化主要与环流异常相对应的冷暖平流有关; 低纬地区的降温主要与赤道东风加强有关,东风增强通过增大蒸发和引起次表层冷海水上翻而令表层温度降低。LIA时期的降水变化主要位于中低纬地区,表现为日界线东(西)侧降水的负(正)异常。与降水异常相对应,Walker环流加强,东太平洋对流活动减弱,它与低纬地区对流层中层冷异常相联系。与大气层顶净短波辐射异常的季节变化相对应,南、北半球夏季平均表面温度异常较之冬季低0.28℃左右。 相似文献
11.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(6)
We present here a simple and novel proposal for the modulation and rhythm of ice-ages and interglacials during the late Pleistocene. While the standard Milankovitch-precession theory fails to explain the long intervals between interglacials, these can be accounted for by a novel forcing and feedback system involving CO_2, dust and albedo. During the glacial period, the high albedo of the northern ice sheets drives down global temperatures and CO_2 concentrations, despite subsequent precessional forcing maxima. Over the following millennia more CO_2 is sequestered in the oceans and atmospheric concentrations eventually reach a critical minima of about 200 ppm, which combined with arid conditions,causes a die-back of temperate and boreal forests and grasslands, especially at high altitude. The ensuing soil erosion generates dust storms, resulting in increased dust deposition and lower albedo on the northern ice sheets. As northern hemisphere insolation increases during the next Milankovitch cycle, the dust-laden ice-sheets absorb considerably more insolation and undergo rapid melting, which forces the climate into an interglacial period. The proposed mechanism is simple, robust, and comprehensive in its scope, and its key elements are well supported by empirical evidence. 相似文献
12.
At the 41,000-period of orbital tilt, summer insolation forces a lagged response in northern ice sheets. This delayed ice signal is rapidly transferred to nearby northern oceans and landmasses by atmospheric dynamics. These ice-driven responses lead to late-phased changes in atmospheric CO2 that provide positive feedback to the ice sheets and also project ‘late’ 41-K forcing across the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. Responses in austral regions are also influenced by a fast response to summer insolation forcing at high southern latitudes.At the 22,000-year precession period, northern summer insolation again forces a lagged ice-sheet response, but with muted transfers to proximal regions and no subsequent effect on atmospheric CO2. Most 22,000-year greenhouse-gas responses have the ‘early’ phase of July insolation. July forcing of monsoonal and boreal wetlands explains the early CH4 response. The slightly later 22-K CO2 response originates in the southern hemisphere. The early 22-K CH4 and CO2 responses add to insolation forcing of the ice sheets.The dominant 100,000-year response of ice sheets is not externally forced, nor does it result from internal resonance. Internal forcing appears to play at most a minor role. The origin of this signal lies mainly in internal feedbacks (CO2 and ice albedo) that drive the gradual build-up of large ice sheets and then their rapid destruction. Ice melting during terminations is initiated by uniquely coincident forcing from insolation and greenhouse gases at the periods of tilt and precession. 相似文献
13.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2003,22(15-17):1597-1629
The SPECMAP models of orbital-scale climate change (Imbrie et al., Paleoceanography 7 (1992) 701, Paleoceanography 8 (1993) 699) are the most comprehensive to date: all major climatic observations were analyzed within the framework of the three orbital signals. Subsequently, tuning of signals in Vostok ice to insolation forcing has fixed the timing of greenhouse-gas changes closely enough to permit an assessment of their orbital-scale climatic role. In addition, evidence from several sources has suggested changes in the SPECMAP δ18O time scale. This new information indicates that the timing of CO2 changes at the periods of precession and obliquity does not fit the 1992 SPECMAP model of a “train” of responses initiated in the north, propagated to the south, and later returning north to force the ice sheets. In addition, analysis of the effects of rectification on 100,000-year climatic signals reveals that all have a phase on or near that of eccentricity. This close clustering of phases rules out the long time constants for 100,000-year ice sheets required by the 1993 SPECMAP model.A new hypotheses presented here revives elements of an earlier CLIMAP view (Hays et al., Science 194 (1976a) 1121) but adds a new assessment of the role of greenhouse gases.As proposed by Milankovitch, summer (mid-July) insolation forces northern hemisphere ice sheets at the obliquity and precession periods, with an ice time constant derived here of 10,000 years. Changes in ice volume at 41,000 years drive ice-proximal signals (SST, NADW, dust) that produce a strong positive CO2 feedback and further amplify ice-volume changes. At the precession period, July insolation forces ice sheets but it also drives fast and early responses in CH4 through changes in tropical monsoons and boreal wetlands, and variations in CO2 through southern hemisphere processes. These CH4 and CO2 responses enhance insolation forcing of ice volume.Climatic responses at 100,000 years result from eccentricity pacing of forced processes embedded in obliquity and precession cycles. Increased modulation of precession by eccentricity every 100,000 years produces 23,000-year CO2 and CH4 maxima that enhance ablation caused by summer insolation and drive climate deeper into an interglacial state. When eccentricity modulation decreases at the 100,000-year cycle, ice sheets grow larger in response to obliquity forcing and activate a 41,000-year CO2 feedback that drives climate deeper into a glacial state. Alternation of these forced processes because of eccentricity pacing produces the 100,000-year cycle. The 100,000-year cycle began 0.9 Myr ago because gradual global cooling allowed ice sheets to survive during weak precession insolation maxima and grow large enough during 41,000-year ice-volume maxima to generate strong positive CO2 feedback.The natural orbital-scale timing of these processes indicates that ice sheets should have appeared 6000–3500 years ago and that CO2 and CH4 concentrations should have fallen steadily from 11,000 years ago until now. But new ice did not appear, and CO2 and CH4 began anomalous increases at 8000 and 5000 years ago, respectively. Human generation of CO2 and CH4 is implicated in these anomalous trends and in the failure of ice sheets to appear in Canada. 相似文献
14.
中更新世气候转型与100ka周期研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
中更新世气候转型是第四纪气候变化中最重要的特征之一，它是指全球气候的主导周期在中更新世时从41ka转变为100ka，且气候波动的幅度也加大。经典的Milankovitch假说不能完全解释中更新世气候转型的原因以及100ka周期在气候记录中的强烈表现，因为太阳辐射与气候记录之间存在着相当的差异，尤其是二者在变化幅度上不匹配。近年来围绕这一转型过程的时代和原因获得了一些新的进展，主要是针对中更新世气候转型的时间、对气候记录中100ka周期的重新检讨以及非太阳辐射因素在这一转型过程中所起的作用。其它可能的转型原因包括大冰盖、温室气体、地球轨道面倾角、冰盖基底、构造隆升等。 相似文献
15.
大洋环流型式转换在冰期旋回中的作用及经典第四纪冰期理论质疑(续)汉景泰Ｗ．Ｓ．Ｆｙｆｅ(加拿大西安大略大学地质系)４问题及讨论大洋环流－气候学说认为从冰期到间冰期海洋－大气系统全球性巨型再组合导致了末次冰期的终止。 相似文献
16.
Milankovitch theory posits that Earth's orbital cycles were the primary forcing of Pleistocene ice-age cycles through their strong influence on summer insolation at high latitudes. Accordingly, Milankovitch theory predicts ice volume should vary at both obliquity and precessional periods. However, early Pleistocene global ice volume varied mainly at the obliquity period with weak variability at the precessional period suggesting that Milankovitch theory is not sufficient to explain the ice-age cycles. Here we describe the results from a series of coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model experiments, using the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model, that systematically investigate the influence of precession and obliquity on continental snowfall and potential ablation.Our model results identify three factors that magnify the influence of obliquity forcing on the global ice volume: First, high-latitude snowfall variability is dominated by changes in Earth's axial tilt. Second, hemispheric changes in net snowfall due to Earth's precession are out-of-phase, and largely cancel to produce a very small global snowfall change. Third, snowmelt variability over Antarctica responds greatly to changes in obliquity that intensify accumulation over obliquity cycle. We discuss the implications of these factors for existing hypotheses that account for the variability in the ice volume record. 相似文献
17.
J. D. Hays, J. Imbrie, and N. J. Shackleton (1976, Science194, 1121–1132) showed that the astronomical theory explained many features of late Quaternary ice-age climates, but they did not specify the physical mechanisms involved. Here it is proposed that interlocked variations of ice-sheet heat sinks in both polar hemispheres amplified and transmitted Milankovitch summer half-year insolation changes (a version of the astronomical theory) between 45° and 75°N into the globally synchronous climate changes recorded in geologic records. It is suggested that late Quaternary ice sheets had terrestrial components (grounded above sea level, melting margins, fluctuations controlled by climate) and marine components (grounded below sea level, drained largely by ice streams, limited melting margins, fluctuations controlled primarily by sea level and secondarily by climate, interior surface elevations coupled to downdraw through ice streams). Northern Hemisphere ice sheets were largely marine (with minor melting margins) in the Arctic and terrestrial (with major melting margins) in the midlatitudes. West Antarctic and peripheral East Antarctic ice was marine-based and lacked melting margins. Because of their geographic array, these terrestrial and marine components formed an ice-sheet system whose variations were coupled on a global scale. Milankovitch summer isolation changes near midlatitude Northern Hemisphere melting margins controlled most variations of this system, because advance or retreat of melting margins initiated concurrent eustatic sea-level change. Such sea-level change afforded the critical interlocking mechanism between terrestrial and marine components because it forced simultaneous expansion or contraction of marine margins in both polar hemispheres. This initiated an amplifying feedback loop among all marine components and influenced interior downdraw through ice streams. Arctic summer insolation change was less important because northern melting margins were relatively minor. Its greatest influence was on surface ablation of ice streams that controlled interior downdraw. This affected eustatic sea level and activated global linkage of marine sectors. By analogy with present-day Antarctica, late Quaternary ice sheets were enormous planetary heat sinks due to their reflective and radiative surface characteristics. It is suggested that the effectiveness of these ice-sheet heat sinks varied with their areal extent and interior surface elevation. Thus, it is postulated that concurrent growth or decay of these interlocked ice-sheet heat sinks in both polar hemispheres served as the global amplifier of regional Milankovitch summer insolation. 相似文献
18.
地球气候变化的米兰科维奇理论研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
米兰科维奇理论是从全球尺度上研究日射量与地球气候之间关系的天文理论（以下简称为“米氏理论”）。该理论认为，地球轨道偏心率、黄赤交角及岁差等三要素变化引起的到达北半球中高纬度夏季日射量变化是造成冰期—间冰期旋回的根本原因。详细回顾了米氏理论的发展历程，并以南极东方站过去42万年大气和气候变化的历史资料为例，讨论了经典米氏理论中有待研究的若干问题。 相似文献
19.
T.C. Partridge P.B. Demenocal S.A. Lorentz M.J. Paiker J.C. Vogel 《Quaternary Science Reviews》1997,16(10):1125-1133
Late Pleistocene variations in rainfall in subtropical southern African are estimated from sediments preserved in the Pretoria Saltpan, a 200000 year-old closed-basin crater lake on the interior plateau of South Africa. We show that South African summer rainfall covaried with changes in southern hemisphere summer insolation resulting from orbital precession. As predicted by orbital precession geometry (Berger, 1978), this South African record is out of phase with North African palaeomonsoon indices (Street and Grove, 1979; Rossignol-Strick, 1983; McIntyre et al., 1989); the amplitude of the rainfall response to insolation forcing agrees with climate model estimates (Prell and Kutzbach, 1987). These results document the importance of direct orbital insolation forcing on both subtropical North and South African climate as well as the predicted antiphase sensitivity to precessional insolation forcing. 相似文献
20.
天文古气候理论及其进展—从米兰柯维奇到贝尔杰 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
扼要介绍了天文古气候学的创立和发展简史。太阳是地球大气运动的第一驱动力，地球气候的长期演变在很大程度上受到入射太阳辐射变化的影响。入射太阳辐的变化主要和三个地球轨道参数有关，即地球绕太阳运行的椭圆轨道偏心率，地球自转轴倾角及岁差。太阳辐射的长期振荡主要集中在与这三个参数有关的频率上，这些频率通常被称为米兰柯维奇频率，数值模拟和地学记录都证实地质时间尺度的古气候的演化大多位于米兰柯维奇频率带上。 相似文献