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在羌塘盆地已经发现了190余处油气显示。近年笔者在盆地北部晚侏罗世地层中发现了迄今最大规模的沥青脉。研究结果表明，该沥青脉产出于上侏罗统索瓦组地层之中，地层下部系与沥青脉的形成有一定关系的中株罗统夏里组局部含油气显示的盐丘。沥青族组分(％)为：饱和烃5．72、芳烃18．46、沥青质52.37、非烃23．45，说明核沥青脉经过了运移、氮化的过程。同时，沥青脉产出于复背斜范围内，利于油气聚集成藏。这一发现对于羌塘盆地的油气地质的作用具有现实意义。 相似文献
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西藏改则东地区第四纪泥火山的首次发现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原作为印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞造山的产物,新生代以来构造活动强烈,构造样式和类型复杂,新构造运动成为了研究的热点问题。而南羌塘地区河流、湖泊及其构造阶地、泥火山广泛发育,对研究羌塘地区的新构造和青藏高原隆升问题来说都是得天独厚的优越条件。依托中国地质调查局《改则东四幅1∶5万区域地质调查》项目,在青藏高原羌塘盆地南部改则东益杰错地区首次发现了泥火山,对益杰错地区泥火山的规模、构成以及发育部位进行了调查,并结合高精度遥感影像的分析结果,阐述了泥火山的发育特征,确定了益杰错泥火山是由于地下富含有机质的沉积物受到地壳运动的影响,随高压的气体和水喷出地表所形成,并指出益杰错泥火山的发育指示了新生代以来康托-日俄东断裂依旧活动。 相似文献
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羌塘盆地为我国陆上油气资源潜力巨大的一个中生代海相残留盆地,地处青藏高原腹地,但高原的强烈隆升、新构造运动的频繁作用和中上侏罗统的大片裸露,以侏罗系为目的层的油气,能否保存至今令人怀疑。羌塘盆地油气保存条件的问题已成为石油地质条件评价中一个十分突出的焦点问题。笔者就已有的资料,通过对新生代构造活动、断裂活动影响和高原隆升等方面的初步分析,对羌塘盆地油气的保存条件进行初步的探讨。 相似文献
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羌塘盆地地处青藏高原腹地,油气资源丰富,是我国目前唯一未大规模勘探的含油气盆地。研究其地质结构,将为青藏高原科学考察与油气地质条件评价奠立重要基础。本文针对羌塘盆地“古生代南、北基底有别,中生代周缘板块构造边界限制,新生代陆内构造变形强烈”这一典型的缝合带上的多旋回复合、叠合盆地,利用盆地内部的钻井与高精度反射地震剖面对其分层地质结构进行研究。结果表明,羌塘盆地发育上三叠统肖茶卡组,中-下侏罗统雀莫错组,中侏罗统布曲组与中侏罗统夏里组泥岩、膏岩、膏泥岩等4套区域性滑脱层;此外,还发育下侏罗统曲色组泥质岩,上侏罗统索瓦组的泥灰岩、泥岩,始新统唢呐湖组的膏盐、泥岩,二叠系煤层等4套局部性滑脱层;基底内部发育韧性剪切层。它们在垂向上将羌塘盆地分划为软弱层与能干层相间的多套组合。受区域性滑脱层控制,羌塘盆地发育分层变形系统;滑脱层上、下构造几何学样式差异较大,运动学指向也不一致;整体表现为大型多重滑脱构造变形系统。分层滑脱变形系统约束了油气保存单元的分布。分层滑脱变形将为进一步认识羌塘盆地,评价羌塘盆地的油气保存单元提供新的学术思路。 相似文献
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羌塘中生代海相盆地演化与后期改造及油气赋存 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
发育在羌塘地块之上的羌塘中生代海相盆地,总体具中间地块盆地特征。盆地可划分为北羌塘坳陷、西部隆起、中部低隆起带、南羌塘坳陷和东北斜坡五个一级构造单元。盆地经历了三叠纪和侏罗纪—早白垩世初两大海相沉积期和其间晚三叠世晚期构造环境(体制)转换期三大演化阶段。三叠纪盆地演化受羌塘地块北缘拉竹龙-西金乌兰陆间洋开、合的控制,以碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩及膏盐岩和含煤碎屑岩建造为特征,盆地基底表现为南高、北低,东高、西低的特点。晚三叠世晚期,随着拉竹龙-西金乌兰洋的闭合和羌塘地块与可可西里地块的进一步汇聚,盆地整体隆升,沉积间断,形成岩溶风化壳,遂发生区域裂陷、火山活动和班公湖-丁青陆间洋裂谷新生。侏罗纪羌塘盆地再复沉降和沉积,与南邻班公湖-丁青陆间裂谷的发生发展同步,海相沉积由南向北扩展;形成了北西西向展布的多个沉积-沉降中心,以碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和膏泥岩建造为主要特征,整体表现为西南部和东北部相对较高,南羌塘东部、北羌塘中西部沉降幅度较大的构造格局。白垩纪早期,冈底斯(拉萨)地块与羌塘地块汇聚,其间的班公湖-丁青陆间洋消亡,羌塘大型海相盆地沉积历史结束,遂进入了遭受后期改造和多个小型盆地陆相沉积时期。经早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世盆地反转和新生代进一步改造,使中生代羌塘盆地及其南北缘缝合带的原始面貌发生了较大改观,并使盆地西北部较大范围不复存在。羌塘盆地的叠合演化和改造,在中生界海相地层中发育了多套烃源岩,具有丰富的油气资源基础,构成了多层系聚集、多类型成藏的油气赋存-成藏条件。多处不同形式的油气显示和大型古油藏的发现,展示和证实了盆地所发生的油气成生、成藏过程。后期改造是影响羌塘盆地油气成藏及分布、资源规模和远景评价以及勘探成效的主控因素。 相似文献
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青藏高原羌塘盆地托纳木地区雪山组大规模沥青脉的发现 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
20世纪90年代,中国石油总公司在羌塘盆地开展了大规模的综合性油气地质调查工作,取得了丰硕的成果,证实其为一个重要的海相含油气盆地.期间,共发现了油气显示190余处(包括5处液态油苗),并在隆鄂尼发现古油气藏1个,预示着良好的找油前景.2002年在盆地龙尾湖地区上侏罗统索瓦组中发现大规模的沥青脉,认为龙尾湖地区是非常有望取得突破的远景区[1-2].在托纳木地区通过石油地质构造、化探等调查,认为该地区的托纳木背斜规模大、形态好、油气异常明显,是值得进一步勘探的油气有利圈闭构造. 相似文献
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羌塘盆地是一个中—新生代海相残留盆地,泥盆系至侏罗系以海相沉积为主,白垩系至第四系则以陆相沉积为主。分布最广的上三叠统和侏罗系是主要勘探目的层。喜马拉雅运动以来,羌塘盆地的中生代变形格架受到改造。晚白垩世以来至少有过四次强烈活动,走滑、逆冲与伸展三种构造变形形式共存,以逆冲断层和扭压断层占主导,正断层或扭张断层较少分布。断层发育程度是东、西两头强,中间相对较弱,在E89°～E91°中间区块受新构造应力破坏较弱。青藏高原以整体升降为主,羌塘盆地更是相对稳定,其二级夷平面依然平整,位于海拔5200～5300m之间,说明高原在隆升时保持着整体的稳定性。认为羌塘盆地受新生代动力作用的影响不大,仍具有良好的油气勘探潜力。 相似文献
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白云岩作为含油气盆地最重要的储层,长期以来一直是盆地油气评价和勘探的重点。报道近期在南羌塘安多地区达卓玛地区发现的含油白云岩地质特征。白云岩出露于中侏罗世布曲组,厚度大于30m,横向延伸大于80m,岩石类型为中-粗晶白云岩,其孔隙度在5.0%~17.0%之间,渗透率在2.84×10-3~236×10-3μm2之间,属于低孔低渗至中孔低渗储层,与已发现的隆鄂尼优质白云岩相似,是盆地良好的储集层。空间上,达卓玛白云岩位于隆鄂尼-昂达尔错白云岩东部,且处于同一层位,表明白云岩在南羌塘盆地东西展布约180km。达卓玛含油白云岩的发现扩大了羌塘盆地白云岩储层和古油藏带的范围和规模,为羌塘盆地油气地质评价和勘探部署提供了新的依据。 相似文献
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青藏高原羌塘中部冈玛日—菊花山地区大型逆冲推覆构造的基本特征及形成机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
青藏高原羌塘中部冈玛日地区发现冈玛日-菊花山大型新生代逆冲推覆构造,延伸长度超过200km,总体走向近东西,构成新生代戈木错盆地的北部主干边界。推覆构造在冈玛日一带出露最好,表现为一系列单冲型逆冲断层构成的叠瓦状构造,逆冲断面倾向北,倾角12～20°,逆冲方向190～200°。冈玛日-菊花山逆冲推覆构造的发现,对探讨高原隆升在羌塘地区的表现形式具有重要的科学意义,为探讨新生代戈木错盆地的演化和盆地油气资源远景评价提供了新的构造依据。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献