共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Lin Chao-Yuan Lai Yuan-Chung Wu Shao-Wei Mo Fan-Chung Lin Cheng-Yu 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(2):1951-1975
In recent years, extreme rainfall events occur frequently, causing serious watershed sediment disasters, destroying mountain roads, and endangering the safety of residents' lives and property. This study aims to deal with the spatial change of potential sediment movement on the road slope pre-disaster and to screen disaster hot spots for early warning and control system. The conceptual model is used to simulate the distribution of primary and/or derived disasters on a watershed scale to assess the impact of sediment disasters caused by heavy rain event. Correlation analysis shows that the models in assessment of primary disaster and derived disaster are significantly correlated with the collapse ratio and disaster ratio, respectively. Since the primary disaster has been considered when calculating the derived disaster risk, the terrain subdivision along Provincial Highway 21 (Tai-21) is extracted to understand the derived sediment disaster on the road slope. The model can effectively evaluate the road sections prone to disasters. According to the risk level, the hot spot of road slope disasters and the management of disaster resilience are determined and can be the reference for disaster prevention and control.
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Emergency response to water-related disasters is an important part of many coalmine operations in China. It usually consists
of both incident prevention measures and rescue counter-plans. In principle, prevention is always the top priority, followed
by rescue. The prevention measures relies on thorough understanding of the mine hydrogeology, correct identification of water
burst risk levels, and an effective monitoring program for inundations. The emergency rescue is initiated when an accident
occurs, and a rescue plan often includes a self-rescue and mutual-rescue program. 相似文献
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Based on the historical records of natural disasters and human wars of the final 35 years in the late Ming Dynasty (1610–1644 AD) obtained using different spatial scales, a set of grading systems were established to classify, grade and present these records and their spatiotemporal characteristics. From natural and human perspectives to quantitative analyses of the direct causes of the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, the author draws conclusion regarding a total of six immediate factors, which were, according to the rate of contribution from high to low, internal rebellions, drought, inter-ethnic conflicts, locust, flood and external wars. Among these causes, human factors accounted for approximately 47%, while natural factors accounted for approximately 53%. Attribution analysis indicated that the basin areas in east China were sensitive to climate change during the Ming Dynasty. Severe drought and locusts in a cooling environment were the main natural causes, while frequent internal rebellions and inter-ethnic conflicts influenced by financial crisis were the major human factors. Although natural factors accounted for a greater percentage than human factors in the rate of contribution to the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, they were the only external factors impacting social development and changes. 相似文献
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概述了研究地质灾害现状及防治措施的意义,阐述了淮安市地质灾害种类、现状及地质灾害易发区的综合划分,对淮安市的地面沉降、滑坡等重点地质灾害提出了相应的防治措施。 相似文献
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文章通过对四川锦屏山地区区域地质概况、河流阶地、第四纪断层及老断层新活动、地震活动的研究，认为该地区自更新世以来，新构造运动较为强烈，由此造成的地质灾害主要有滑坡、崩榻、泥石流等。 相似文献
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黑龙江省地域辽阔,地质环境条件复杂,受自然和人为因素的综合作用,产生了一系列地下水下降、地下水污染、地面沉降、采空塌陷、崩、滑、流及土地"三化"等环境地质问题。在哈尔滨市、大庆市形成了面积分别为380km2和5000km2地下水开采降落漏斗;在鸡西、鹤岗、双鸭山、七台河四个煤炭城市形成了551km2的采空塌陷区;在松嫩平原形成了面积573752.1hm2沙化区和386486.79hm2盐渍化区。 相似文献
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V. M. Kotlyakov L. P. Chernova T. Ye. Khromova N. M. Zverkova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,472(1):57-61
Based on complex analysis of the latest data, new conclusions have been reached about the features and causes of glacial disasters. 相似文献
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茶隆隆巴曲位于帕隆藏布右岸,陡变地形孕育了大量高位地质灾害,威胁下游线性工程。采用多源、多期次高分辨率遥感数据,建立高位地质灾害遥感解译标志,厘定了研究区高位地质灾害类型,并详细阐述了其发育特征。结果表明,研究区主要地质灾害类型包括高位冰崩、高位崩塌、高位滑坡。其中高位冰崩发育3处,均位于沟谷上游南坡海拔5000 m斜坡,面积在15×104 m2以上。高位崩塌体发育19处,多分布于沟谷中游及上游主沟两侧高陡岸坡,北坡多于南坡。高位滑坡发育2处,位于沟谷上游,滑体以冰碛物为主。上述高位地质灾害在强震或强降雨作用下,极易发生失稳、堵沟,且堵沟后极易诱发洪水、泥石流等次生灾害链,对下游帕隆藏布造成堵江风险。 相似文献
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US billion-dollar weather and climate disasters: data sources, trends, accuracy and biases 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
This paper focuses on the US Billion-dollar Weather/Climate Disaster report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Climatic Data Center. The current methodology for the production of this loss dataset is described, highlighting its strengths and limitations including sources of uncertainty and bias. The Insurance Services Office/Property Claims Service, the US Federal Emergency Management Agency’s National Flood Insurance Program and the US Department of Agriculture’s crop insurance program are key sources of quantified disaster loss data, among others. The methodology uses a factor approach to convert from insured losses to total direct losses, one potential limitation. An increasing trend in annual aggregate losses is shown to be primarily attributable to a statistically significant increasing trend of about 5 % per year in the frequency of billion-dollar disasters. So the question arises of how such trend estimates are affected by uncertainties and biases in the billion-dollar disaster data. The net effect of all biases appears to be an underestimation of average loss. In particular, it is shown that the factor approach can result in a considerable underestimation of average loss of roughly 10–15 %. Because this bias is systematic, any trends in losses from tropical cyclones appear to be robust to variations in insurance participation rates. Any attribution of the marked increasing trends in crop losses is complicated by a major expansion of the federally subsidized crop insurance program, as a consequence encompassing more marginal land. Recommendations concerning how the current methodology can be improved to increase the quality of the billion-dollar disaster dataset include refining the factor approach to more realistically take into account spatial and temporal variations in insurance participation rates. 相似文献
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In this article, disasters are understood as processes that have different impacts on social routines in terms of scale, scope
and duration. The extent of adaptive processes in society can provide the ground for a rough classification of disaster types.
Such classification has, on the one hand, practical and analytical advantages. On the other hand, they harbour the danger
of overlooking transitions of scale and discourage comprehensive scale-related learning forms. Based on the disaster scale
by Fischer (Int J Mass Emerg Disasters 1:91–107, 2003), flash floods in mountain rivers and torrents are described as extreme emergencies or small-town disasters. Three given
examples will clearly show that learning rarely takes place within an institutional setting that is subjected to small disasters, because the stakeholder’s focus remains on only one level. Therefore, we propose to implement a system of self-organised
and scale-independent learning, so called deutero learning, within the political subsystem. Following a damaging event, participative
processes that involve all levels should be initialised. Their task would be to assess the combination of causes and draw
conclusions for mitigation measures. An aggregation of these assessments would help the responsible political subsystems to
adapt the current natural disasters policy to the changing environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Felix Riede 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):335-362
It is widely recognised that natural disasters emerge in the interplay between extreme geophysical events and the human communities affected by them. Whilst detailed natural scientific knowledge of a given event is critical in understanding its impacts, an equally thorough understanding of the affected communities, their economies, ecologies, religious structures, and how all of these have developed over time is arguably as important. Many extreme events leave methodologically convenient traces in the geological and archaeological records in the form of discrete stratigraphic layers often associated with both accurate and precise dates. This paper focuses on volcanic eruptions and draws on matched case studies to illustrate the usefulness of a two-step, quasi case–control comparative method for examining vulnerability and impacts in the near- and far-fields of these eruptions. Although issues of data resolution often plague the study of past disasters, these limitations are counterbalanced by the access to unique long-term information on societies and their material expressions of livelihood, as well as a similarly long-term perspective on the critical magnitude/frequency relationship of the geophysical trigger(s) in question. By drawing together aspects of contemporary Disaster Risk Reduction research, archaeology, and volcanology, this paper sketches out a methodological roadmap for a science of past disasters that aims to be relevant for not only understanding vulnerabilities and impacts in the deep past, but for also better understanding vulnerability in the present. 相似文献