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1.
安徽贵池铜山矽卡岩铜矿石榴石及其环带研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文
研究区为矽卡岩铜矿床,岩体与围岩接触带石榴石矽卡岩十分发育。通过类质同像端员分子百分比计算,石榴石划分为钙铁榴石、钙铝榴石及钙铝—钙铁榴石三种类型,其中钙铝—钙铁榴石是本区常见的石榴石类型。发育于矽卡岩晶洞或空隙中的半自形—自形石榴石具明显的非均质性及发育良好的环带。环带状石榴石CaFe及CaAl端员组分具有三种变异方式。研究表明,石榴石环带及其非均质性不仅与石榴石类质同像端员分子百分比组成有关,而且与石榴石的生成条件有关。  相似文献   

2.
冯帆  徐仲元  董晓杰  连光辉  贾振杨 《地质学报》2022,96(11):3819-3833
内蒙古乌拉山地区石榴子石花岗岩内发育大量石榴子石，这些石榴子石中保留着寄主岩石的变质演化历程的重要信息，故明确其成因类型至关重要。前人虽提出其为转熔成因，但未能提供充分证据证明。对此，本文对研究区深熔石榴黑云片麻岩以及石榴子石花岗岩内的石榴子石进行了岩相学以及矿物学研究。结果显示，在野外露头上，低度深熔石榴黑云片麻岩→中度深熔石榴黑云片麻岩的脉体/石榴子石花岗岩，石榴子石粒度逐渐增大，并且当岩石内的脉体小而少时不见粗粒石榴子石，脉体大而多时粗粒石榴子石发育，而石榴子石花岗岩内发育大量的粗粒石榴子石，此外脉体内的石榴子石粒度整体大于基体内的石榴子石粒度。在显微特征上，中度深熔石榴黑云片麻岩的脉体内的石榴子石和石榴子石花岗岩内的石榴子石晶形较差，形态各异，边界呈锯齿状，发育筛状变晶结构，并部分具有核部发育边部不发育的特点，基质内还具有逆反应结构以及斜长石堆晶体。矿物化学特征上，中度深熔石榴黑云片麻岩的脉体内的石榴子石和石榴子石花岗岩内的石榴子石以富Fe、Mg贫Mn、Ca为特点，不发育生长环带，与黑云母接触的石榴子石发育扩散环带，表现为TFeO曲线由中心向两边升高，MgO曲线由中心向两边降低，二者呈负相关。综合分析得出石榴子石花岗岩内的石榴子石是在变质深熔过程中，由固相变质生长至处于深熔熔体包裹状态下继续生长而成，这种石榴子石是转熔成因，为转熔矿物相(相当于残留矿物相)，且中度深熔石榴黑云片麻岩的脉体内的石榴子石也具有相同成因，说明二者关系密切，为石榴子石花岗岩是石榴黑云片麻岩高度深熔的产物提供了有力依据。同时大量转熔型石榴子石保留在花岗岩内的现象说明研究区内的花岗岩并未经历长距离运移，故而未达到彻底的固液两相分离，进一步证明了其原地—半原地成因。  相似文献   

3.
羌堆铜钼矿床是在冈底斯成矿带东段新发现的一处斑岩-矽卡岩型矿床.二长花岗斑岩是该矿床的主要成矿斑岩体,本文用精确的LA-IcP-Ms锆石u-Pb定年获得其年龄为16.7±0.9Ma,确定该矿床为中新世成矿,与冈底斯成矿带上驱龙、甲马矿床为同一期成矿事件.对该矿床矽卡岩中石榴石系统研究表明,早期矽卡岩主要以钙铝榴石为主,...  相似文献   

4.
西藏甲玛铜多金属矿石榴子石矿物学特征及成因意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
甲玛铜多金属矿主要的工业矿体赋存于矽卡岩中,石榴石矽卡岩是主要的矽卡岩类型,因此,研究石榴子石的矿物学特征及其成因具有重要的意义。本文综合前人研究成果,重点对采于甲玛矿区不同钻孔的、不同空间位置的石榴子石进行了矿石学及电子探针分析研究,并系统对比其矿物学特征。对18个石榴子石测点和项目组其它电子探针分析成果表明,甲玛铜多金属矿的石榴子石均为钙质系列,由贫Ti的钙铁榴石和富Ti、Mg、Mn的钙铝榴石组成。受流体氧逸度的制约,矿区中心以钙铁榴石为主,边缘以钙铝榴石为主,从深部至浅部钙铁榴石含量减少,钙铝榴石含量增加。此外,石榴子石"锯齿状"环带成分暗示了其流体过程的多期多阶段性。  相似文献   

5.
Oriented inclusions of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, sodic amphibole and rutile have been identified in garnet from the Lüliangshan garnet peridotite massif in the North Qaidam ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt, northern Tibetan Plateau, NW China. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses demonstrate that nearly half of the measured intracrystalline clinopyroxene (8 out of 17) have topotactic crystallographic relationships with host garnet, that is, (100)Cpx//{112}Grt, (010)Cpx//{110}Grt and [001]Cpx//<111>Grt. One‐fifth of the oriented sodic amphibole (23 out of 110) inclusions of have topotactic crystallographic relationships with host garnet, that is, (010)Amp//{112}Grt, (100)Amp//{110}Grt and [001]Amp//<111>Grt. Over a third of rutile (36 out of 99) inclusions also show a close crystallographic orientation relationship with host garnet in that one <103>Rt and one <110>Rt parallel to two <111>Grt while the axes of [001]Rt exhibit small girdles centred the axes of <111>Grt. But, no ‘well‐fit’ crystallographic relationship was observed between orthopyroxene inclusions and host garnet. Considering a very long and complex history for the Lüliangshan garnet peridotite, we suggest that the low fit rates for these oriented minerals may result from several possible assumptions including different generations or multi‐stage formation mechanisms, heterogeneous nucleation and growth under non‐equilibrium conditions, and partial changes of initial crystallographic orientations of some inclusions. However, the residual quantitative ‘well‐fit’ crystallographic information is sufficient to indicate that the nucleation and growth of many pyroxene, amphibole and rutile are controlled by the lattice of the host garnet. The revealed close topotactic relationships accompanied by clear shape orientations provide quantitative microstructural evidence demonstrating a most likely exsolution/precipitate origin for at least some of the oriented phases of pyroxene, sodic amphibole and rutile from former majoritic garnet and support an ultra‐deep (>180 km depth) origin of the Lüliangshan garnet massif.  相似文献   

6.
The gabbroic/dioritic Pembroke Hornblende Granulite (PHG) of Milford Sound displays a geometrically simple mesoscopic network of sub‐planar garnet reaction zones (GRZ) in which the meta‐igneous hornblende granulite has been depleted of Na, Si, and H2O, and c. 25 vol.% almandine‐rich garnet has formed. Some studies postulate the initial presence of melt along the centres of all GRZ, explaining the frequent absence of feldspathic veins by selective melt loss. A more parsimonious model is necessitated by structural evidence and, together with chemical data, suggests a relationship between mid‐range metasomatic transport and anatexis. The Pembroke outcrops show a process of incipient melting of gabbro/diorite in an environment of relatively low aH2O in lithologies that have limited free quartz. A non‐equilibrium steady state is proposed, in which a sodic dehydration fluid moves some distance via the GRZ network towards areas of partial melting. Only in these areas are Na and Si reconstituted as albite, with more garnet as byproduct, having avoided the need for melt percolation. The combined structural and chemical evidence directs a focus on mass transport in low‐aH2O gabbroic environments. In subsequent events of shearing and complete transposition, both sets of garnet – the atypical GRZ residue and partial melt melanosomes – were inherited by the Milford Gneiss ‘facies’ of the PHG.  相似文献   

7.
Serial sectioning and imaging with a flatbed scanner yielded the three-dimensional size and spatial distribution of garnet porphyroblasts in two garnet schists and one staurolite-bearing schist from the Everett Formation, north-west Connecticut. The dominant garnet-producing reaction in all samples was chlorite+quartz=garnet+H2O. The appearance of staurolite, and additional garnet growth in the staurolite-bearing sample, was due to the reaction chloritoid=garnet+staurolite+chlorite. Statistical measures of garnet spatial distributions, using the pair correlation function (PCF), indicate that garnet crystals are weakly to strongly clustered at length scales between 2 and 10 mm. Such clustered nucleation may reflect minor bulk compositional variations. Covariance measures between garnet size and nearest-neighbour distance, using the mark covariance function (MCF), suggest a very weak correlation between crystal size and nearest-neighbour distance for length scales of 2 mm or less. These statistical data suggest that if diffusional gradients were present around growing garnet crystals, they did not influence nucleation and growth patterns at length scales greater than c. 2 mm. Compositional maps, through the garnet centres, show that the smaller crystals have lower Mn core compositions relative to larger crystals, consistent with progressive nucleation during pro-grade metamorphism. Radius-rate plots calculated from compositional X-ray maps show similar growth rates for garnet crystals of different size, consistent with an interface-controlled growth model for garnet. The presence of minor diffusional gradients around growing garnet cannot be entirely dismissed, but the lack of observable reaction rims, the clustered spatial distribution and the radius-rate data are most consistent with an interface-controlled garnet growth model.  相似文献   

8.
Garnet granulite facies mid‐to lower crust in Fiordland, New Zealand, provides evidence for pulsed intrusion and deformation occurring in the mid‐to lower crust of magmatic arcs. 238U‐206Pb zircon ages constrain emplacement of the ～595 km2 Malaspina Pluton to 116–114 Ma. Nine Sm‐Nd garnet ages (multi‐point garnet‐rock isochrons) ranging from 115.6 ± 2.6 to 110.6 ± 2.0 Ma indicate that garnet granulite facies metamorphism was synchronous or near synchronous throughout the pluton. Hence, partial melting and garnet granulite facies metamorphism lasted <5 Ma and began within 5 Ma of pluton emplacement. Garnet granulite facies L‐S tectonites in the eastern part of the Malaspina Pluton record the onset of extensional strain and arc collapse. An Sm‐Nd garnet age and thermobarometric results for these rocks directly below the amphibolite facies Doubtful Sound shear zone provide the oldest known age for extension in Fiordland at ≥112.8 ± 2.2 Ma at ～920 °C and 14–15 kbar. Narrow high Ca rims in garnet from some of these suprasolidus rocks could reflect a ≤ 1.5 kbar pressure increase, but may be largely a result of temperature decrease based on the Ca content of garnet predicted from pseudosections. At peak metamorphic conditions >900 °C, garnet contained ～4000 ppm Ti; subsequently, rutile inclusions grew during declining temperature with limited pressure change. Garnet granulite metamorphism of the Malaspina Pluton is c. 10 Ma younger than similar metamorphism of the Pembroke Granulite in northern Fiordland; therefore, high‐P metamorphism and partial melting must have been diachronous for this >3000 km² area of mid‐to‐lower crust. Thus, two or more pulses of intrusion shortly followed by garnet granulite metamorphism and extensional strain occurred from north to south along the axis of the lower crustal root of the Cretaceous Gondwana arc.  相似文献   

9.
湖北大冶铜绿山铜铁矿床是长江中下游西段鄂东南矿集区一个大型夕卡岩矿床.围岩为三叠系大理岩及白云质大理岩,决定了其发育丰富的钙镁质复合夕卡岩矿物组合,包括石榴子石、辉石、角闪石、绿帘石、金云母、绿泥石等.本文详细描述了夕卡岩不同阶段矿物的特征,并对矿物进行了电子探针分析(EPMA)及碳、氧、硫稳定同位素研究.结果表明石榴子石形成于三期,成分上属于钙铝—钙铁系列,且从早到晚具有从钙铝向钙铁榴石演化趋势,反映出成矿溶液由酸性向碱性演化.环带结构的石榴子石和绿帘石从核部到边部Fe含量增高,说明磁铁矿是在Fe浓度升高的碱性溶液中沉淀.辉石为透辉石.角闪石属于单斜角闪石中的钙质角闪石,包括透闪石,韭闪石和少量阳起石.矿物成分分析表明辉石和石榴子石的Mn/Fe值与矿化金属元素存在一定的联系.相对于钙质夕卡岩,镁质或含镁质夕卡岩是铜铁矿体交代的更有利岩石.矿床硫化物的δ34 SV-CDT均为正值且变化范围较窄,介于0.6‰～3.8‰.成矿阶段方解石δ13CV-PDB变化于-2.9‰～6.3‰,δ18OV-SMOW变化于9.6‰ ～ 12.6‰,成矿后方解石的同位素值明显增大,δ13CV-PDB为-0.9‰ ～ 1.3‰,δ18OV-SMOW为15.2‰ ～ 17.3‰,趋向于围岩的同位素值.研究结果说明成矿阶段的硫和碳来自于深源或地幔,而成矿后期碳与地层发生明显的同位素交换反应.  相似文献   

10.
任留东  陈炳蔚 《地球学报》2003,24(3):219-224
西昆仑中巴公路剖面上多处产出石榴黑云角闪片岩、帘石石榴角闪岩和含榴斜长角闪片岩，即石榴角闪岩。不论在宏观尺度还是在微观尺度上中级变质的石榴角闪岩均可与较低级变质的黑云母—绿帘石—绿泥片岩呈条带状相间排列。通过野外岩石组合—构造变形的观察，结合室内岩石结构、变质组合和反应关系的分析，认为该区石榴角闪岩的形成与较低级变质基础上的局部变质叠加有关，这种叠加在构造活动的中心部位最为显著，石榴角闪岩的产出表明变质已达高角闪岩相。石榴子石—角闪石—斜长石的形成与一定程度上的流体活动密切相关，当流体挥发分组分活动强烈时，石榴子石不出现，而代之以单斜辉石—方柱石—斜长石组合。在组分活性方面，镁铁质组分比长英质组分的活动更为明显。石榴角闪岩的原岩既可以是基性岩，如玄武岩或辉长岩，也可以是沉积岩如杂砂岩。  相似文献   

11.
Garnet‐bearing ultramafic rocks (GBUR) enclosed in granulite or high‐grade gneiss are rare, yet typical constituents of alpine‐type collisional orogens. The Bohemian Massif of the European Variscides is exceptional for the occurrence of a large variety of mantle‐derived rocks, including GBUR (garnet peridotite and garnet pyroxenite). GBUR occur in several metamorphic units belonging to both the Saxothuringian and the Moldanubian zones of the Bohemian Massif. The northernmost outcrops of GBUR in the Bohemian Massif are situated in the Saxonian Granulitgebirge Core Complex in the Saxothuringian zone and are the subject of this study. Thermobarometric results and exsolution textures imply that the Granulitgebirge GBUR belong to the ultra high temperature group of peridotites. They experienced a decompression‐cooling path being constrained by the following four stages: (i) ～1300–1400 °C and 32 kbar, (ii) 1000–1050 °C and 26 kbar, (iii) 900–940 °C and 22 kbar, and (iv) 860 °C and 12–13 kbar. Occasional layers of garnet pyroxenite within GBUR lenses are interpreted as high pressure cumulates that crystallized at 32–36 kbar by cooling below 1400 °C. The GBUR were most probably derived from upwelling asthenosphere and came in contact with crustal granulite at ～60 km depth. Slab break‐off is suggested here as the most probable cause for: (i) asthenosphere upwelling and cooling of the latter as well as (ii) ultra high temperature granulite facies metamorphism of the crustal host rocks. The Granulitgebirge‐type peridotite is very similar to the Mohelno‐type peridotite from the Gföhl unit, Moldanubian zone, in the southern part of the Bohemian Massif. In contrast, peridotite from the adjacent Erzgebirge (also within the Saxothuringian zone) is derived from the subcontinental mantle and much resembles the Nove Dvory‐type peridotite from the Gföhl unit (Moldanubian zone). The fact that the Saxothuringian and Moldanubian zones host the same types of mantle rocks (asthenospheric and lithospheric) of the same metamorphic ages suggests that the classic distinction into the Saxothuringian and Moldanubian zones cannot be supported, at least as far as high‐grade units hosting GBUR are concerned.  相似文献   

12.
Middle Eocene conglomerates which overlie the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks contain clasts of metamorphic rock with isotope ages of 120-85 Ma, which fall within the age range reported from the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks. They were derived from the chlorite to oligoclase zones of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt. Clasts of garnet amphibolite and oligoclase-biotite schist show a mineral assemblage similar to the highest grade Sanbagawa schists. However, the metamorphic temperatures estimated by various mineralogical thermometers show that some of the clasts were formed at higher temperatures than the in situ Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks. Such higher grade rocks were at the surface by the Middle Eocene and for the most part they have been eroded away. Cretaceous and post-Cretaceous sediments overlie, or are in fault contact with, the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks which suggests that rocks in the belt were uplifted and eroded from the latest Cretaceous to Middle Eocene time after strike-slip movement along the Median Tectonic Line. Since the Middle Eocene, the belt has experienced relatively slow uplift which was locally around 2 km in central Shikoku.  相似文献   

13.
对石榴子石冷却速率计中的几个重要参数误差分析结果表明，在慢速冷却的情况下，由测量数据误差所致的偏差可以忽略不计。但当冷却速率较大时，误差对模拟结果的影响则非常显著。然而，若采用现代分析仪器，由定位导致的模拟误差也可以完全忽略。空间测量的偏差往往使模拟得到的岩石冷却速率比实际值小得多；初始温度估计的偏差会使模拟结果产生很大的变化；扩散系数的选择对模拟结果影响也颇大。因此．具体情况下需仔细选取那些实验条件与所研究的具体地质情况最为相似的实验数据得到的模拟结果才是合理的。只有在合理的计算和选取参数以及可靠的测试技术的情况下，得到的模拟结果才具有地质意义。  相似文献   

14.
Inclusion trails in garnet and albite porphyroblasts in the Fleur de Lys Supergroup preserve successive generations of microstructures, some of which correlate with equivalent microstructures in the matrix. Microstructure–porphyroblast relationships provide timing constraints on a succession of seven crenulation cleavages (S1–S7) and five stages of porphyroblast growth. Significant destruction and alteration of early fabrics has occurred during the microstructural development of the rock mass. Garnet porphyroblasts grew episodically through four growth stages (G1–G4) and preserve a succession of five fabrics (S1–S5) as inclusion trails. Garnet growth during each of the four growth phases did not occur on all pre-existing porphyroblasts, resulting in contrasting growth histories between individual garnet porphyroblasts from the same outcrop. Albite porphyroblasts grew during a single stage of growth and have overgrown microstructures continuous with the matrix. The garnet and albite porphyroblast inclusion trails record a succession of crenulation cleavages without any rotation of the porphyroblasts relative to other porphyroblasts in the population.
Complex microstructural histories are best resolved by preparing multiple oriented thin sections from a large number of samples of different rock types within the area of study. The succession of matrix foliations must be understood, as it provides the most useful time-frame against which to measure the relative timing of phases of porphyroblast growth. Comparable microstructures must be identified in different porphyroblasts and in the rock matrix.  相似文献   

15.
The Cretaceous Abukuma metamorphic terrane consists of the oceanic Gosaisyo Series overthrust onto the terrigenous Takanuki Series. Although the dominant mineralogy defines one of the classic areas of andalusite–sillimanite type progressive metamorphism, there are several lines of evidence suggesting an earlier higher-pressure (up to c . 12  kbar) history of the Takanuki Series and the nearby Gosaisyo Series. These are: (1) the occurrence of rare although widespread relic kyanite in sillimanite+K-feldspar zone-grade pelitic rocks; (2) the high grossular content of garnet interiors (up to c . 30  mol %) overgrown by Ca-poor rims ( c . 2  mol % grossular) in pelitic rocks containing Al2SiO5 minerals (sillimanite±relic kyanite±retrograde andalusite), plagioclase and quartz; (3) the occurrence of rutile as inclusions in garnet in pelitic rocks; and (4) the occurrence of relic corundum+almandine association in silica-poor and Al–Fe-rich rocks. Garnet in the Takanuki Series pelitic rocks commonly shows textural sector zoning and preserves growth zoning despite the high metamorphic grade, suggesting rapid changes in P–T  conditions and a relatively short duration of high-temperature conditions. Combined with radiometric dating, these observations suggest that the Abukuma sillimanite+K-feldspar zone-grade rocks underwent a clockwise P–T  path with very fast (>4  mm  y−1) average burial and exhumation rates.  相似文献   

16.
Rare centimeter-sized superzoned garnets (SZGs) were discovered in two coesite-bearing whiteschists of the Brossasco-Isasca Unit (BIU), southern Dora-Maira massif (DMM), Western Alps. The superzoned garnet consists of a reddish-brown almandine core crowded with inclusions of staurolite, chloritoid, kyanite, chlorite and paragonite, and of a pinkish pyrope rim with sporadic inclusions of kyanite, and magnesian chlorite. The core–rim contact is relatively sharp and marks the termination of the inclusion-rich portion. The core composition of the superzoned garnet is almost identical to, or slightly richer in Mg, than that of the rim of porphyroblastic garnet in metapelites from the same unit. In the rim of the superzoned garnet, Mg–Fe ratio increases abruptly towards the outermost rim, whose composition is identical to that of the common pyrope in the whiteschist. At the core–rim boundary, there is no chemical gap. Chloritoid and staurolite are common inclusions in the core of the superzoned garnet in the whiteschist and in the porphyroblastic garnet in the metapelite. The staurolite composition (Si=2.00 and total R2+<2.0 for O=23 basis) and its reverse Fe–Mg distribution with respect to garnet suggest a HP origin. The Fe–Mg distribution between chloritoid and garnet is reverse in the superzoned garnet, but normal in the garnet of metapelite. Because normal Fe–Mg distribution was reported from other eclogite-facies metapelites, a model petrogenetic grid was constructed in the FMASH model system considering St, Cld, Ky, Chl, Grt, and assuming the following Fe–Mg partitioning of St>Grt>Cld>Chl. The resulting petrogenetic grid suggests that the core of the superzoned garnet contains incompatible assemblages, such as St–Cld–Chl vs. Cld–Chl–Ky. New and literature data and results of experiments in the KFASH system suggest that: (1) the superzoned garnet was formed under a single prograde high-pressure/ultra high-pressure (HP/UHP) Alpine metamorphism, (2) the almandine inclusion-rich core of the superzoned garnet crystallized at disequilibrium in a pelitic composition system at around 600°C and less than 16 kbar, probably from a former metapelite xenolith included in a Variscan granitoid, and (3) the chemical environment of the host rock suddenly changed from the normal pelite to the whiteschist composition by a metasomatic process during the rim growth, i.e., at a stage close to the UHP climax.  相似文献   

17.
Regularly oriented orthopyroxene (opx) and forsterite (fo) inclusions occur as opx + rutile (rt) or fo + rt inclusion domains in garnet (grt) from Otrøy peridotite. Electron diffraction characterization shows that forsterite inclusions do not have any specific crystallographic orientation relationships (COR) with the garnet host. In contrast, orthopyroxene inclusions have two sets of COR, that is, COR‐I: <111>grt//<001>opx and {110}grt～//～{100}opx (～13° off) and COR‐II: <111>grt//<011>opx and {110}grt～//～{100}opx (～14° off), in four garnet grains analysed. Both variants of orthopyroxene have a blade‐like habit with one pair of broad crystal faces parallel/sub‐parallel to {110}grt plane and the long axis of the crystal, <001>opx for COR‐I and <011>opx for COR‐II, along <111>grt direction. Whereas the lack of specific COR between forsterite and garnet, along with the presence of abundant infiltrating trails/veinlets decorated by fo + rt at garnet edges, provide compelling evidence for the formation of forsterite inclusions in garnet through the sequential cleaving–infiltrating–precipitating–healing process at low temperatures, the origin of the epitaxial orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet is not so obvious. In this connection, the reported COR, the crystal habit and the crystal growth energetics of the exsolved orthopyroxene in relict majoritic garnet were reviewed/clarified. The exsolved orthopyroxene in a relict majoritic garnet follows COR‐III: {112}grt//{100}opx and <111>grt//<001>opx. Based on the detailed trace analysis on published SEM images, these exsolved orthopyroxene inclusions are shown to have the crystal habit with one pair of broad crystal faces parallel to {112}grt//{100}opx and the long crystal axis along <111>grt//<001>opx. Such a crystal habit can be rationalized by the differences in oxygen sub‐lattices of both structures and represents the energetically favoured crystal shape of orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet formed by solid‐state exsolution mechanism. Considering the very different COR, crystal habit, as well as crystal growth direction, the orthopyroxene inclusions in garnet of the present sample most likely had been formed by mechanism(s) other than solid‐state exsolution, regardless of their regularly oriented appearance in garnet and the COR specification between orthopyroxene and garnet. In fact, the crystallographic characteristics of orthopyroxene and the similar chemical compositions of garnet at opx + rt inclusion domains, fo + rt inclusion domains/trails and garnet rim suggest that the orthopyroxene inclusions in the garnet are most likely formed by similar cleaving‐infiltration process as forsterite inclusions, though probably at an earlier stage of metamorphism. This work demonstrates that the oriented inclusions in host minerals, with or without specific COR, can arise from mechanism(s) other than solid‐state exsolution. Caution is thus needed in the interpretation of such COR, so that an erroneous identification of exhumation from UHP depths would not be made.  相似文献   

18.
A new deposit of high-quality bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays was discovered in the Paleogene section of the southwestern foothill of Southern Nuratau Range. The bentonites have a substantially montmorillonitic composition. Minor and admixture components are represented by illite, palygorskite, quartz, iron hydroxides, and other minerals. In terms of physicochemical properties, the bentonites are subdivided into the alkaline and alkaline-earth varieties. The carbonate–palygorskite clays possess a calcite–montmorillonite–palygorskite composition. The bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays formed in the alkaline medium of a marine basin. The major rock-forming montmorillonite formed as a result of the transformation of structurally similar clay minerals, while calcite and palygorskite are authigenic minerals. The bentonites and carbonate–palygorskite clays have been ascertained as a material suitable for the preparation of drilling muds, as adsorbents for the bleaching of cotton oil and purification of alcoholic products, as ointment bases and the principal component for medicinal preparations, and for other purposes.  相似文献   

19.
Garnet megacryst with a multiphase inclusion from intraplate alkali basalts of the Shavaryn Tsaram(Tariat,Mongolia)was the object of the study.This unusual aggregate consists of porous glass,Ti-rich biotite,orthopyroxene,spinel,clinopyroxene,olivine,and ilmenite.Win TWQ 2.32 thermodynamic simulation of this system revealed a few intervals of equilibrium.Pressure and temperature adjustment reflected in the paragenetic minerals of the melt pocket.The capture of already crystallised garnet megacryst was at P=0.8-1 GPa and T=1120-1160℃.Mineral crystallisation inside the melt pocket,accompanied by external inputs,occurred at P=0.75-0.95 GPa;T=790-1120℃.Symplectite assemblage formed in the garnet megacryst due to decomposition at(P=0.55-0.7 GPa;T=850-930℃).The study of the oxygen isotope content in primary garnet and biotite of the melt pocket showed that the δ18OVSMOW values are the same and correspond to that of typical mantle xenoliths.However,the chemical and microcomponent composition of the melt pocket minerals reveals a material that differs from basalts and peridotites.Thus,it has been revealed that the multiphase inclusion in the garnet megacryst formed not only on account of the garnet’s substance,but also due to the entrapped material of the Earth’s interior.  相似文献   

20.
Garnet is a prototypical mineral in metamorphic rocks because it commonly preserves chemical and textural features that can be used for untangling its metamorphic development. Large garnet porphyroblasts may show extremely complex internal structures as a result of a polycyclic growth history, deformation, and modification of growth structures by intra‐ and intercrystalline diffusion. The complex internal structure of garnet porphyroblasts from garnet–phengite schists (GPS) of the Zermatt area (Western Alps) has been successfully decoded. The centimetre‐sized garnet porphyroblasts are composed of granulite facies garnet fragments overgrown by a younger generation of grossular‐rich eclogite facies garnet. The early granulite facies garnet (G‐Grt) formed from low‐P, high‐T metamorphism during a pre‐Alpine orogenic event. The late garnet (E‐Grt) is typical of high‐pressure, low‐temperature (HPLT) metamorphism and can be related to Alpine subduction of the schists. Thus, the garnet of the GPS are polycyclic (polymetamorphic). G‐Grt formation occurred at ~670 MPa and 780°C, E‐Grt formed at ~1.7 GPa and 530°C. The G‐Grt is relatively rich in Prp and poor in Grs, while E‐Grt is rich in Grs and poor in Prp. The Alm content (mol.%) of G‐Grt is 68 of E‐Grt 55. After formation of E‐Grt between and around fragmented G‐Grt at 530°C, the GPS have been further subducted and reached a maximum temperature of 580°C before exhumation started. Garnet composition profiles indicate that the initially very sharp contacts between the granulite facies fragments of G‐Grt and fracture seals of HPLT garnet (E‐Grt) have been modified by cation diffusion. The profiles suggest that Ca did not exchange at the scale of 1 µm, whereas Fe and Mg did efficiently diffuse at the derived maximum temperature of 580°C for the GPS at the scale of 7–8 µm. The Grt–Grt diffusion profiles resulted from spending c. 10 Ma at 530–580°C along the P–T–t path. The measured Grt composition profiles are consistent with diffusivities of log DMgFe = ?25.8 m2/s from modelled diffusion profiles. Mg loss by diffusion from G‐Grt is compensated by Fe gain by diffusion from E‐Grt to maintain charge balance. This leads to a distinctive Fe concentration profile typical of uphill diffusion.  相似文献   

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