共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
Groundwater which occurs in fractured rock or porous aquifers or other geological weak zones such as faults and fractures is usually extracted via boreholes, hand wells or other sources such as springs.Water scarcity has become a severe problem due to many factors, such as an alarming increase in population and per capita water consumption, over exploitation of groundwater resources and abrupt global climatic change along with its related eco-environmental geological problems. In such situation, application of artificial recharge systems(e.g. surface recharge basin and deep injection well systems) can help to effectively manage and augment the unitization of groundwater resources. However, the clogging problem,which may be caused by a complex interdependent mechanisms of physical, chemical and biological has been a challenge for the efficacy and the implementation of recharge facilities. Clogging can reduce the permeability, recharge rate and longevity of recharge facilities and increase the operational and maintenance costs. Major influencing factors associated with the occurrence of clogging include the chemical composition of groundwater(both the recharge water and native groundwater), aquifer medium and microbial diversity, together with other environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, total dissolved solids, total soluble salts, pH, Eh, nutrients, gases, carbonates and others; these factors ultimately increase the piezometric head but reduce the permeability and infiltration rates of porous/seepage media.Pretreatment of recharge water can minimize the potential clogging. In the case of clogged wells,rehabilitation methods need to be deployed. In the meantime, there is an urgent needs to understand the basic causes and developmental processes/mechanisms of clogging in order to mitigate this problem. This paper reviews the major clogging mechanisms and their possible preventive measures and redevelopments in artificial recharge systems. 相似文献
2.
Henao Casas José D. Kalwa Fritz Walther Marc Rausch Randolf 《Hydrogeology Journal》2021,29(5):1813-1830
To cope with water scarcity in drylands, stormwater is often collected in surface basins and subsequently stored in shallow aquifers via infiltration. These stormwater harvesting systems are often accompanied by high evaporation rates and hygiene problems. This is commonly a consequence of low infiltration rates, which are caused by clogging layers that form on top of the soil profile and the presence of a thick vadose zone. The present study aims to develop a conceptual solution to increase groundwater recharge rates in stormwater harvesting systems. The efficiency of vadose-zone wells and infiltration trenches is tested using analytical equations, numerical models, and sensitivity analyses. Dams built in the channel of ephemeral streams (wadis) are selected as a study case to construct the numerical simulations. The modelling demonstrated that vadose-zone wells and infiltration trenches contribute to effective bypassing of the clogging layer. By implementing these solutions, recharge begins 2250–8100% faster than via infiltration from the bed surface of the wadi reservoir. The sensitivity analysis showed that the recharge rates are especially responsive to well length and trench depth. In terms of recharge quantity, the well had the best performance; it can infiltrate up to 1642% more water than the reservoir, and between 336 and 825% more than the trench. Moreover, the well can yield the highest cumulative recharge per dollar and high recharge rates when there are limitations to the available area. The methods investigated here significantly increased recharge rates, providing practical solutions to enhance aquifer water storage in drylands.
相似文献3.
M. F. Abu-Taleb 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(1-2):64-71
When using surface infiltration as a method of recharge, infiltration testing is considered an important additional data
input along with other hydrogeologic data into the recharge decision. As part of an investigation into the potential for groundwater
recharge, two desert basins in Jordan (Wadi Madoneh and Wadi Butum) were investigated to determine the possibility of recharge
using floodwater retention structures. For each area, short-duration (up to 7-h) infiltration tests were conducted to estimate
surface infiltration capacity of the upper soil layers in order to present to the authorities preliminary information which
could be used along with other factors to aid in the selection of the best site for a pilot recharge project. Given the highly
fractured rock formations that constitute the underlying aquifers in the two areas, it was assumed that the upper alluvium
layers are the limiting factors in transmitting water to target aquifers. The infiltration tests conducted to estimate the
recharge characteristics of the recharge sites yielded test results that indicated a representative infiltration rate of 0.44 m/day
for the Wadi Madoneh site and 0.197 m/day for the Wadi Butum site. The data input was used subsequently with other decision
factors to select the most promising site for the pilot project.
Received: 9 January 1998 · Accepted: 27 April 1998 相似文献
4.
S. J. Appleyard 《Environmental Geology》1993,21(4):227-236
Twelve bores were sunk adjacent to three stormwater infiltration basins in the Perth metropolitan area to examine the impact of runoff from a light industrial area, a medium-density residential area, and a major arterial road on groundwater quality, and to examine the hydrological response of the aquifer to runoff recharge. Automatic and manual water level monitoring between April and November 1990 indicated that groundwater levels responded within minutes to recharge from the infiltration basins. Peak water levels of up to 2.5 m above rest levels occurred 6–24 h after the commencement of ponding in the infiltration basins. There was a marked reduction in salinity and increase in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the upper part of the aquifer downgradient of the infiltration basins. Concentrations of toxic metals, nutrients, pesticides, and phenolic compounds in groundwater near the infiltration basins were low and generally well within Australian drinking water guidelines. However, sediment in the base of an infiltration basin draining a major road contained in excess of 3500 ppm of lead. Phthalates, which are US EPA priority pollutants, were detected in all but one bore near the infiltration basins. Their detection may be a sampling artifact, but they may also be derived from the plastic litter that accumulates in the infiltration basins. The concentration of iron in groundwater near the infiltration basins appears to be controlled by dissolved oxygen concentrations, with high iron concentrations occurring where dissolved oxygen concentrations are low. Pumping bores located near infiltration basins may suffer from iron encrustation problems caused by the mixing of shallow, oxygenated groundwater with water containing higher concentrations of iron from deeper in the aquifer. 相似文献
5.
The study presented in this paper constitutes an initial approach to the problematic task of evaluating the effects of possible
climate change on natural water recharge to aquifers. To estimate such effects, a purpose-designed mathematical model termed
Estimation of Recharge in Over-exploited Aquifers (ERAS) has been used. It enables to simulate the monthly water recharge
to an aquifer, provided that prior knowledge of the exploitation to which it is subjected and the variation caused by these
two actions on the piezometric level of the aquifer is available. The basic data required for its application are: precipitation,
temperature, groundwater extraction, stored groundwater surface and storage coefficient. The main advantage presented by this
model is its independence of the mechanism by which water is displaced through the ground and within the unsaturated zone.
The ERAS code was applied to four over-exploited karstic aquifers in Alto Vinalopó (Alicante, Spain) with the goal of generating
a synthesized series of values for natural groundwater recharge in each of the aquifers for the 100 years of the twentieth
century. Each series thus obtained after being grouped into decades was subjected to statistical processing, which revealed
that in every case a logarithmically decreasing trend was present. 相似文献
6.
Groundwater recharge and chemical evolution in the southern High Plains of Texas, USA 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
The unconfined High Plains (Ogallala) aquifer is the largest aquifer in the USA and the primary water supply for the semiarid
southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. Analyses of water and soils northeast of Amarillo, Texas, together with data
from other regional studies, indicate that processes during recharge control the composition of unconfined groundwater in
the northern half of the southern High Plains. Solute and isotopic data are consistent with a sequence of episodic precipitation,
concentration of solutes in upland soils by evapotranspiration, runoff, and infiltration beneath playas and ditches (modified
locally by return flow of wastewater and irrigation tailwater). Plausible reactions during recharge include oxidation of organic
matter, dissolution and exsolution of CO2, dissolution of CaCO3, silicate weathering, and cation exchange. Si and 14C data suggest leakage from perched aquifers to the High Plains aquifer. Plausible mass-balance models for the High Plains
aquifer include scenarios of flow with leakage but not reactions, flow with reactions but not leakage, and flow with neither
reactions nor leakage. Mechanisms of recharge and chemical evolution delineated in this study agree with those noted for other
aquifers in the south-central and southwestern USA.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
7.
为了有效提升大清河流域平原区地下水水位,亟需在此区域开展地下水人工补给工程,并确定合理的建设位置及有效的补给方式。首先基于研究区可利用补给水源、地下水位、地表高程、地表坡度及与河道距离5个指标的分布特征,构建地下水补给潜力评价体系,采用ArcGIS空间分析功能对研究区进行了地下水人工补给潜力区划;然后在此评价体系基础上,在典型人工补给高潜力区进一步开展系列野外现场试验,探讨适宜可行的地下水人工补给方式。结果表明：研究区西北部及南部河道附近区域开展人工补给工程潜力较高,而中部、北部及西南部远离河道的区域潜力较低。高潜力区——白沟引河地段包气带及含水层渗透性良好,整体渗透系数均在5 m/d左右或更高,适宜地表补给,但河床渗透性较差,渗透系数基本在0.01~0.09 m/d间,若通过河道补给需配合清淤等措施。其中,在上游及中游沿岸适宜将河道水通过生态水渠引至修建的地表入渗池或借助天然渗坑内入渗补给,在中下游沿岸区域适宜将补给水进行严格的水处理后采用井灌方式补给,在白沟引河中下游河道适宜修建拦水坝,利用河道进行入渗补给。 相似文献
8.
The present work studies the environmental isotopes assess groundwater characteristics of the different parts of the main aquifer in the northeast Missan Province in south of Iraq.Water samples of groundwater and surface water were collected for two dry and wet seasons during the water year of 2011–2012.The study shows that most of the groundwater in the aquifer falls above the global meteoric water line,and all the samples fall below the Mediterranean meteoric water line,indicating that these samples are a mixture of two water types.The tritium content of these samples supports this conclusion.The overall conclusion of this study indicates that there are two sources of groundwater recharge in the studied area:the ephemeral streams(Teeb and Dewerge) and major precipitation sources.According to the tritium levels at or below one tritium unit(TU) obtained from the water,supply wells are highly confined or "not vulnerable".Overall,the 3H results imply that recent recharge has taken place during the last four to five decades.In the recharge area,the high tritium content in the southern part of the Teeb area suggests that the recharge originates from rapid infiltration of surface runoff.Therefore,the groundwater resources in the study area should be protected from contamination,because it will influence the aquifer in a relatively short period of time if any contamination enters the recharge areas of the aquifer. 相似文献
9.
Alan L. Flint Lorraine E. Flint Edward M. Kwicklis June T. Fabryka-Martin Gudmundur S. Bodvarsson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):180-204
Obtaining values of net infiltration, groundwater travel time, and recharge is necessary at the Yucca Mountain site, Nevada,
USA, in order to evaluate the expected performance of a potential repository as a containment system for high-level radioactive
waste. However, the geologic complexities of this site, its low precipitation and net infiltration, with numerous mechanisms
operating simultaneously to move water through the system, provide many challenges for the estimation of the spatial distribution
of recharge. A variety of methods appropriate for arid environments has been applied, including water-balance techniques,
calculations using Darcy's law in the unsaturated zone, a soil-physics method applied to neutron-hole water-content data,
inverse modeling of thermal profiles in boreholes extending through the thick unsaturated zone, chloride mass balance, atmospheric
radionuclides, and empirical approaches. These methods indicate that near-surface infiltration rates at Yucca Mountain are
highly variable in time and space, with local (point) values ranging from zero to several hundred millimeters per year. Spatially
distributed net-infiltration values average 5 mm/year, with the highest values approaching 20 mm/year near Yucca Crest. Site-scale
recharge estimates range from less than 1 to about 12 mm/year. These results have been incorporated into a site-scale model
that has been calibrated using these data sets that reflect infiltration processes acting on highly variable temporal and
spatial scales. The modeling study predicts highly non-uniform recharge at the water table, distributed significantly differently
from the non-uniform infiltration pattern at the surface.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
10.
Michael E. Barber Akram Hossain John J. Covert Guy J. Gregory 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(6):1459-1470
Conjunctive management of surface water and groundwater requires sophisticated spatial and temporal analysis. In situations involving multiple jurisdictions such as state boundaries, management problems are magnified due to often conflicting regulations and policies. A transient MODFLOW model of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie (SVRP) aquifer/river system mutually accepted by both the states of Idaho and Washington, USA, was used to evaluate regional solutions to potential water shortages through the use of strategically placed infiltration basins or injection wells. Artificial recharge of the SVRP aquifer was simulated using diversions from Lake Pend Oreille during winter periods when flows are high and excess water is available. Alternative locations for potential wells and detention basins were examined. Lag times for the water to impact stream/groundwater interaction areas along the Spokane River were evaluated to assess the potential for augmenting stream flows from July through September. Results indicated that the aquifer could be used to improve low-flow season streamflow values utilizing both infiltration basins and injection wells with winter surface water diversions. Depending on the location, as much as 30% of the winter diversion rate could be lagged to improve summer flows at the Spokane gage. Thus, a regional mitigation strategy is scientifically feasible. 相似文献
11.
利用地下水数值模型MODFLOW和非饱和带水平衡模型对处于半干旱半湿润沙丘地区(Sand Hills)地下水位进行了模拟,并分析了含水层补排水量,河流与地下水补排关系,以及区域水平衡过程。揭示了独特沙丘地形和土壤特性对地下水补排量的影响。模拟结果表明,入渗率大、非饱和带厚的沙丘有利于降水入渗补给,减少了地下水蒸散发损失。加上下覆含水层具有良好的地下水储水空间,是该地区储存丰富的地下水量,以维持河流稳定流量,供给众多湖泊和湿地的原因。该研究对我国地下水资源评价和生态环境脆弱地区水资源保护具有指导意义。 相似文献
12.
Using groundwater levels to estimate recharge 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24
Accurate estimation of groundwater recharge is extremely important for proper management of groundwater systems. Many different
approaches exist for estimating recharge. This paper presents a review of methods that are based on groundwater-level data.
The water-table fluctuation method may be the most widely used technique for estimating recharge; it requires knowledge of
specific yield and changes in water levels over time. Advantages of this approach include its simplicity and an insensitivity
to the mechanism by which water moves through the unsaturated zone. Uncertainty in estimates generated by this method relate
to the limited accuracy with which specific yield can be determined and to the extent to which assumptions inherent in the
method are valid. Other methods that use water levels (mostly based on the Darcy equation) are also described. The theory
underlying the methods is explained. Examples from the literature are used to illustrate applications of the different methods.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
13.
A catchment water balance model for estimating groundwater recharge in arid and semiarid regions of south-east Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents a new model of the rainfall-runoff-groundwater flow processes applicable to semiarid and arid catchments
in south-east Iran. The main purpose of the model is to assess the groundwater recharge to aquifers in these catchments. The
model takes into account main recharge mechanisms in the region, including subsurface flow in the valley alluvium in mountainous
areas and recharge from the bed of ephemeral rivers. It deals with the effects of spatial variation in the hydrological processes
by dividing the catchment into regions of broad hydrologic similarity named as highland, intermediate and aquifer areas. The
model is based on the concept of routing precipitation within and through the catchment. The model has been applied to the
Zahedan catchment and the results indicate that the groundwater level estimated by the recharge model generally is in agreement
with the behaviour of groundwater levels in observation wells. The sensitivity analysis indicates that when the rainfall in
the aquifer area is used to replace the values recorded in the intermediate area and the highland area, the recharge estimates
are reduced by 42-87%. This result supports the division of the catchment into different zones of hydrological similarity
to account for spatial variability of hydrological processes.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
14.
Recharge and groundwater models: an overview 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
Ward Sanford 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):110-120
Recharge is a fundamental component of groundwater systems, and in groundwater-modeling exercises recharge is either measured
and specified or estimated during model calibration. The most appropriate way to represent recharge in a groundwater model
depends upon both physical factors and study objectives. Where the water table is close to the land surface, as in humid climates
or regions with low topographic relief, a constant-head boundary condition is used. Conversely, where the water table is relatively
deep, as in drier climates or regions with high relief, a specified-flux boundary condition is used. In most modeling applications,
mixed-type conditions are more effective, or a combination of the different types can be used. The relative distribution of
recharge can be estimated from water-level data only, but flux observations must be incorporated in order to estimate rates
of recharge. Flux measurements are based on either Darcian velocities (e.g., stream baseflow) or seepage velocities (e.g.,
groundwater age). In order to estimate the effective porosity independently, both types of flux measurements must be available.
Recharge is often estimated more efficiently when automated inverse techniques are used. Other important applications are
the delineation of areas contributing recharge to wells and the estimation of paleorecharge rates using carbon-14.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
15.
M. O. Schwartz 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(2):237-249
The UNSAT-H, HELP3 and MACRO4.3 computer codes, which have been developed for simulating the water balance of the unsaturated zone of soils and unconsolidated sediments, are also capable simulating water flow in low-porosity media such as fractured rock. The codes can be used to model the ability of rocks and overlying soils in the vadose zone to protect the groundwater in the uppermost aquifer. The net infiltration rates simulated by the different codes are compared against recharge determined by the chloride-balance method in Namibia. The dual-permeability code MACRO4.3 was found to produce more realistic estimates of net infiltration than the UNSAT-H and HELP3 codes, which are based on a single-permeability or effective-continuum method. The net infiltration rate together with the water storage in the unsaturated zone and the groundwater depth are used to calculate the residence time of pore water in the unsaturated zone. This parameter determines the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer. 相似文献
16.
为了研究人工回灌条件下地下水位抬升对悬浮颗粒在含水层中的迁移-沉积的影响机理,在室内模拟实验中,采用100 mg/L的金刚砂悬浊水回灌中粒石英砂介质,分别研究了不同抬升速率(0、2、4cm/h)条件下人工回灌过程中的悬浮物堵塞规律。实验结果表明:地下水位抬升速率对堵塞位置和堵塞位置处悬浮物的级配影响不大,悬浮物主要淤积在0~2cm深度处;在26h前地下水位抬升引起的入渗量比地下水位固定的入渗量小,在26h后二者相反;水位抬升使介质表层堵塞发展速度减慢,非堵塞层渗流状态出现非饱和时刻滞后;在堵塞层0~2cm处地下水位抬升使堵塞速率小于地下水位固定的堵塞速率。 相似文献
17.
Groundwater recharge and agricultural contamination 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
John-Karl Böhlke 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):153-179
Agriculture has had direct and indirect effects on the rates and compositions of groundwater recharge and aquifer biogeochemistry.
Direct effects include dissolution and transport of excess quantities of fertilizers and associated materials and hydrologic
alterations related to irrigation and drainage. Some indirect effects include changes in water–rock reactions in soils and
aquifers caused by increased concentrations of dissolved oxidants, protons, and major ions. Agricultural activities have directly
or indirectly affected the concentrations of a large number of inorganic chemicals in groundwater, for example NO3
–, N2, Cl, SO4
2–, H+, P, C, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, and As, as well as a wide variety of pesticides and other organic compounds. For reactive contaminants
like NO3
–, a combination of chemical, isotopic, and environmental-tracer analytical approaches might be required to resolve changing
inputs from subsequent alterations as causes of concentration gradients in groundwater. Groundwater records derived from multi-component
hydrostratigraphic data can be used to quantify recharge rates and residence times of water and dissolved contaminants, document
past variations in recharging contaminant loads, and identify natural contaminant-remediation processes. These data indicate
that many of the world's surficial aquifers contain transient records of changing agricultural contamination from the last
half of the 20th century. The transient agricultural groundwater signal has important implications for long-term trends and
spatial heterogeneity in discharge.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
18.
东刘家金矿矿区位于海阳市郭城镇,主要发育3组NE向断裂裂隙,含水岩组主要为第四系冲洪积、坡积孔隙含水岩组,碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙含水岩组,碳酸盐岩类岩溶裂隙含水岩组及基岩风化带裂隙含水岩组。文中在查清水文地质条件的情况下,详细分析了矿区含水层的富水性,地下水补给、径流、排泄及动态特征,矿区地下水开发利用现状。在此基础上,进行了地下水均衡计算,地下水补给来源主要为大气降水入渗和农灌入渗补给,补给方式为地表直接下渗补给、断裂带导水补给以及上覆松散层下渗补给,主要排泄方式为人工开采、矿坑涌水和蒸发,总体上矿区处于地下水均衡状态。研究成果为矿区在今后的开采过程中控制地下水,合理防治与排水,维持区域地下水自然动态等提供了科学的依据。。 相似文献
19.
Characterization of the shallow groundwater system in an alpine watershed: Handcart Gulch,Colorado, USA 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Katherine Gurley Kahn Shemin Ge Jonathan Saul Caine Andrew Manning 《Hydrogeology Journal》2008,16(1):103-121
Water-table elevation measurements and aquifer parameter estimates are rare in alpine settings because few wells exist in these environments. Alpine groundwater systems may be a primary source of recharge to regional groundwater flow systems. Handcart Gulch is an alpine watershed in Colorado, USA comprised of highly fractured Proterozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks with wells completed to various depths. Primary study objectives include determining hydrologic properties of shallow bedrock and surficial materials, developing a watershed water budget, and testing the consistency of measured hydrologic properties and water budget by constructing a simple model incorporating groundwater and surface water for water year 2005. Water enters the study area as precipitation and exits as discharge in the trunk stream or potential recharge for the deeper aquifer. Surficial infiltration rates ranged from 0.1–6.2×10?5 m/s. Discharge was estimated at 1.28×10?3 km3. Numerical modeling analysis of single-well aquifer tests predicted lower specific storage in crystalline bedrock than in ferricrete and colluvial material (6.7×10?5–2.0×10?3 l/m). Hydraulic conductivity in crystalline bedrock was significantly lower than in colluvial and alluvial material (4.3×10?9–2.0×10?4 m/s). Water budget results suggest that during normal precipitation and temperatures water is available to recharge the deeper groundwater flow system. 相似文献
20.
海河流域地下水资源保护 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
韩再生 《水文地质工程地质》2001,28(1):25-28
地下水资源在海河流域至关重要的资源。海河平原的浅层和深层含水层大面积处于严重超采状态。地下水资源的的过量开采造成了严重环境问题。为了保护地下水资源，评价了可行的技术。利用洪水和废水进行人工回灌已进行了试验。在很多地区可以应用地表回灌系统，城市地区实施深层含水层的回灌。更好地策略是减少地下水的抽取量，特别是为了减缓地面沉降和海水入侵。应该联合运用减少地下水抽水量和人工回灌，以解决地下水位持续下降和含水层恢复的问题。 相似文献