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西秦岭金龙山卡林型金矿床地质-地球化学及矿床成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金龙山金矿床位于南秦岭造山带的复理石褶冲带中,赋矿围岩为碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造,矿化明显受地层岩性与韧-脆性构造发育程度的控制。矿床稀土元素地球化学研究表明,地层岩石、矿石和热液矿物的轻重稀土分异程度和特征参数基本一致,表明成矿流体应主要来自于赋矿地层。铅同位素研究表明,地层岩石、矿石和热液矿物均具有较高的放射性成因的铅同位素组成,且均落入南秦岭造山带的泥盆系范围内,暗示铅也主要来自赋矿地层。对前人已有的碳-氧-硫-氢同位素组成和流体包裹体数据综合分析表明,碳和氧应主要来自海相碳酸盐的溶解作用,硫主要来自海相硫酸盐的热化学还原反应;从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体的δ18O及δD值向大气降水线＂漂移＂,指示成矿流体以盆地建造水和变质水为主,在晚阶段有大气降水加入。金龙山金矿床与卡林型金矿床的矿床地质-地球化学特征相似,应属于卡林型金矿床,其形成于秦岭造山带陆内造山作用过程中,多层次陆壳叠置加厚的地球动力学背景,是陆内碰撞造山作用的产物。 相似文献
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桐柏山老湾金矿带与燕山期岩浆作用有关的岩浆热液金多金属矿床成矿作用——来自地球化学、年代学证据及控矿构造地质约束 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
老湾金矿带为桐柏山北麓一条重要的金多金属成矿带,其内的老湾和上上河金矿床的控矿构造,分属脆性右行走滑断裂体系中压扭性P型和张扭性R型断裂。老湾金矿床的矿脉呈右形侧列、向南相对缓倾,以浸染状、条带状、网脉状的蚀变岩型矿化为特征。上上河金矿床的矿脉平行展布,向北陡倾,除浸染状蚀变岩型矿化外,石英脉型矿化较发育。该矿带的金矿化类型与断裂构造性质具有明显的耦合关系。右行断裂控矿体系晚于韧性剪切带形成,更晚于区域峰期变质作用,这排除了热液成矿作用与早期区域变质和韧性剪切变形之间的成因联系。矿带矿化元素显示,以松扒花岗斑岩脉带为中心的Mo→Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag→Au空间分带特征。矿石硫同位素较窄的变化范围和较均一的组成（δ34S值多变化在1.69‰~5.99‰）,显示单一深源岩浆硫特征。矿石与燕山期花岗岩的铅同位素的相似性,表明它们可能源自相同的源区。含金石英脉石英流体的氢、氧同位素（δ18O流体值为3.2‰~5.4‰,δD值为-86.3‰~-53.5‰）显示了成矿流体的岩浆来源。花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为（138.9±3.3） Ma,与前人测得的矿脉中热液云母（39Ar/40Ar法）的成矿年龄基本一致。综合分析认为,老湾金矿带金多金属成矿作用与燕山期浅成岩浆作用具有密切的时空关系和成因联系。 相似文献
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西秦岭地区是中国最重要的金矿矿集区之一,除产出少数夕卡岩型金矿床外,几乎所有的其他金矿床都可归并为造山型、卡林型和类卡林型3种类型。研究表明,西秦岭地区中生代花岗岩主要形成于中晚三叠世,而金矿成矿主要集中在晚三叠世,它们都是华北板块与华南板块碰撞导致的秦岭造山作用的产物。西秦岭地区造山型金矿床主要赋存在泥盆系和石炭系一套复杂的构造变形和区域变质的绿片岩相岩中,主要受北西西向脆韧性剪切带控制,成矿元素组合主要为Au-Ag。矿石中含有大量显微自然金、银金矿,明金可见。成矿流体主要为变质流体。由造山作用引起的强烈构造运动为成矿流体提供了运移通道,为矿质沉淀提供了有利的场所。虽然一些造山型金矿床与中酸性岩体相邻,但矿化与岩浆活动不具直接的成因关系。西秦岭地区卡林型金矿床主要产于轻微变质的寒武系至三叠系沉积岩中,明显受地层、岩性和构造控制。金矿床中的金以超显微金和存在于含砷黄铁矿与毒砂晶格中的固溶体金为主。成矿元素组合为Au-As-Hg-Sb-Ba。成矿流体由早期形成的地层水被后期大气降水补给活化形成,也有部分岩浆水或变质水的加入。在伸展背景下大气降水通过循环演化形成了较浅层次的流体系统,导致Au等成矿元素发生沉淀而形成浸染状矿石。西秦岭地区类卡林型金矿床主要产于浅变质沉积岩建造中,受脆韧性剪切带的控制,并形成于花岗岩岩体附近。与造山型、卡林型金矿床最大的不同之处在于,类卡林型金矿床的形成与同时期的岩浆活动有密切的成因关系。矿石中存在显微自然金,载金矿物主要为黄铁矿、含砷黄铁矿和碲化物。成矿热液主要是岩浆水与变质水、建造水的混合流体。与造山型金矿床类似,流体不混溶导致类卡林型金矿床的形成。 相似文献
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沃克金矿床是西昆仑西段金铜矿带近期发现的一处具有大型远景的金矿床。金矿体主要产于近东西向展布的韧-脆性剪切带中,赋矿岩石为穿切于绢云千枚岩中的石英脉。主要矿化类型为毒砂矿化、黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化,热液蚀变为绢云母化、硬绿泥石化和碳酸盐化。在野外地质勘查与研究的基础上,笔者结合镜下显微观察,将成矿阶段划分为早（S1）、主（S2）和晚（S3）阶段,主阶段形成大量硫化物及方解石石英脉。载金硫化物主要为毒砂,次为黄铜矿、方铅矿。利用电子探针（EPMA）对载金硫化物进行分析,结合单元素面扫描成像,笔者认为金矿石主要以细粒金和中粒金形式存在。流体包裹体显示温度变化范围230~493℃,w （NaCl） eq为1.56%~18.19%,成矿流体具有中高温、中低盐度的特征,表现为NaCl-H2O-CO2体系。石英δ18O值为8.6‰~14.0‰,流体的δD值在-83.7‰~-103.6‰,显示出变质水和大气降水的混合流体来源特征;硫同位素组成显示成矿物质源自中浅变质岩。笔者认为,沃克金矿床为与韧-脆性剪切带有关的中成造山型金矿床。 相似文献
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铲子坪金矿位于雪峰山构造岩浆岩带的白马山复式花岗岩体外接触带附近。本文通过对铲子坪金矿床岩石地球化学以及稳定同位素的研究,探讨其矿床成矿物质来源及矿床成因。研究结果表明:矿石中金属硫化物的δ34S介于-7.58‰~+0.32‰,平均为-2.44‰,富轻硫,表明硫化物中的硫主要来自花岗岩浆,有部分地层硫酸盐中的硫混入;铅同位素组成相对稳定,变化范围很小。根据铅构造模式图解和△γ-△β图解,铅同位素主要来源于地幔,有部分地壳铅的加入;氢、氧同位素表明成矿流体具有变质热液和岩浆热液的双重性,成矿晚期热液有大气水成分加入;碳同位素表明成矿流体与砂质板岩关系密切,与地幔或深部流体有一定的关系,矿床成矿流体中的CO2很可能为壳幔混合;锶同位素研究表明,铲子坪金矿床的(87Sr/86Sr)i组成特征与华南陆壳重熔性花岗岩初始岩浆水的(87Sr/86Sr)i组成特征基本一致,表明其成矿作用可能与岩浆热液有关。铲子坪金矿成因类型为岩浆热液型。 相似文献
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秦岭造山带是中生代华北和扬子大陆碰撞形成的造山带,甘肃阳山超大型金矿是秦岭造山带内储量最大、代表性最强的金矿床,也是中国最大的金矿床之一。本文对阳山金矿地质和地球化学特征的系统总结表明,阳山金矿矿体形成受断裂构造控制;主要赋存在泥盆系三河口群泥质、粉砂质千枚岩内,部分矿体赋存在花岗斑岩内或两侧;主要的金属矿物为黄铁矿和毒砂;流体包裹体和C、H、O、S、Sr、Pb同位素研究显示,成矿流体主要源自变质热液或地层改造热液;成矿物质主要来自泥盆系三河口群和碧口群。阳山金矿矿化作用时间为190Ma左右,滞后花岗斑岩岩浆侵位时间约30Ma,排除了金成矿与晚三叠世的花岗岩浆作用有关的可能。阳山金矿矿床地质特征类似于卡林型金矿,成矿流体则具造山型矿床特征,总体上属造山型向卡林型金矿过渡性质的类卡林型金矿床。由于阳山金矿的矿化时间与西秦岭陆陆碰撞和大规模流体成矿事件相一致,因此阳山金矿是陆陆碰撞体制下流体演化和成矿作用形成的卡林-类卡林型金矿的代表。 相似文献
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西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制。本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与示踪,测定了成矿流体的氢-氧同位素组成,并对与矿体相伴产出花岗斑岩脉进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。研究表明,李坝金矿床花岗斑岩脉中黄铁矿δ34S值范围为8.19‰~10.06‰,赋矿围岩中金属硫化物δ34S值范围为4.94‰~9.81‰,矿石硫化物的δ34S值范围为4.94‰~10.82‰,矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成与矿区花岗斑岩及赋矿围岩的硫同位素组成相似,暗示成矿流体中的硫源主要来自受改造或变质的地层岩石与岩浆热液硫的混合。不同地质体的铅同位素组成变化范围较小,在Zartman铅构造模式图解中,样品投影点均落于造山带与上地壳演化线附近,矿石铅投影点与赋矿围岩及矿区岩脉的投影点重合,表明矿石中的铅可能来源于赋矿围岩和岩浆作用的混合。氢-氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体可能为变质流体、岩浆流体及地层建造水的混合热流体。矿区花岗斑岩脉与矿体相伴产出,花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为223 Ma,与金矿化时间一致,暗示成矿作用与岩浆活动同时发生。李坝金矿床与矿区岩浆岩同为造山作用的产物,并且其矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学特征与造山型金矿床相似,为形成于秦岭造山带由碰撞向伸展转变环境下成矿物质来源复杂的造山型金矿床。 相似文献
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广西隆或金矿床位于右江盆地隆或孤立碳酸盐岩台地内部,为一产于C/D不整合面上的层状卡林型矿床。为了查明隆或金矿的成矿流体来源,探讨矿床成因,本次工作对其开展了详细的野外地质考察,对不同成矿阶段石英、方解石进行了系统的包裹体岩相学观察、显微测温及C-H-O-He-Ar同位素分析。包裹体岩相学及测温结果显示,石英、方解石中主要发育富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体,含有少量CO2三相包裹体。其中石英中包裹体均一温度集中在170.4~282.6℃,盐度w （NaCleq）集中在2.57%~8.41%,密度为0.774~0.938 g/cm3;方解石中包裹体的均一温度集中在178.5~237℃,盐度w （NaCleq）集中在2.9%~7.17%,密度为0.845~0.935 g/cm3,为中低温、低盐度、低密度的H2O-NaCl体系。通过计算得出成矿流体的成矿压力为45.83~74.17 MPa,成矿深度为1.611~2.472 km。石英的δ18OV-SMOW值为25.5‰~28.7‰,对应的δ18OH2O为14.10‰~17.18‰,δDV-SMOW值为-79‰~-51‰,两个阶段石英H、O同位素投点虽位于变质水区域及附近,但Ⅱ阶段石英具有向岩浆水漂移的趋势。方解石的δ13CPDB集中在-6.5‰~-4.6‰,δ18OV-SMOW分布在19.9‰~21.1‰,其投点靠近海相碳酸盐岩区域,表明方解石的形成主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解。石英包裹体中3He/4He的值为0.351~0.744 Ra,位于地幔氦和地壳氦之间,幔源He （%）值为5.11%~11.17%,说明地壳流体占主导地位;方解石中3He/4He值为0.038~0.073 Ra,位于地壳氦附近。石英、方解石的40Ar/36Ar值为303.1~436.4,经计算得成矿流体中大气40Ar贡献介于67.71%~97.49%,表明了成矿流体具有壳幔混合的特征,并且有大量大气水的参与。综上分析,文章推测隆或金矿床中原始成矿流体来自深部岩浆流体,原始成矿流体在上升过程中与盆地建造水发生混合,形成了多流体混合的成矿流体,并且随着成矿的进行,大量的大气降水或地下水的渗入。结合构造环境、矿化蚀变等特征,文章认为隆或金矿床为中低温低压浅成热液卡林型金矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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17.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
18.
滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
19.
Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献