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1.
铜(Ⅱ)在高岭石表面的吸附 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
在天然水体系中,铜、铅、镉等重金属元素的形态分布、迁移、归宿和生物有效性强烈取决于重金属元素在水体颗粒物表面的分配趋势.本文对铜(Ⅱ)在常见的重要粘土矿物--高岭石表面的吸附进行了实验和模式研究,结果表明,在同时考虑自由水合离子CU2+和羟基金属离子CuOH+与高岭石表面络合的情况下,单一表面基团、无静电表面络合模式能很好地描述铜(Ⅱ)的吸附行为.拟合得到的CuoH+的络合常数比Cu2+的大得多. 铜(Ⅱ)在高岭石表面的吸附量随pH值的升高而增加.吸附铜的两种表面化合态,>SOCu+和>SOCuOH的浓度在实验的pH范围内,也随pH值升高而增加,并且以>SOCu+为主. 相似文献
2.
水体中三氮转化规律及影响因素研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以城市污染水体为对象,研究了水体中氨氮（NH3-N）、亚硝酸盐氮（NO3^--N）、硝酸盐氮（NO3^-N）的转化及去除规律。结果表明,温度对水体中三氮（氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮）的去除具有重要的影响,在夏季实验中三氮的转化及去除速率明显高于冬季;而在温度相似的情况下,光照则成为影响三氮转化去除速率的决定因素,还发现,在黑暗条件下,水体中亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮出现明显的累积现象,而在光照情况下则没有。由此推断,在光照条件下藻类生物的同化作用在三氮转化和去除中起了主要作用,藻类生物同化导致的三氮转化和去除速率明显高于硝化-反硝化过程。 相似文献
3.
以经岩溶水驯化的小球藻（Chlorella vulgaris）和喜钙念珠藻(Nostoc calcicola Breb.)为实验对象,在封闭体系中用Willbur和 Anderson 方法比较研究两种不同微藻在不同CO2浓度下碳酸酐酶活性变化情况。结果表明:在低于3%CO2浓度的环境中岩溶微藻可通过快速调节自身碳酸酐酶活性来应对CO2升高带来的生境影响,在影响最大的2.5%的环境下小球藻与喜钙念珠藻碳酸酐酶活性分别提高了1.46倍和2.12倍;岩溶微藻应对CO2浓度增大带来的pH下降有着重要的恢复作用,随培养时间增长培养环境中的pH得到恢复;随着CO2浓度的增大,岩溶因子对碳酸酐酶有着重要的影响;培养48 h时Ca2+与喜钙念珠藻碳酸酐酶的相关性最高,而电导率（EC）与小球藻碳酸酐酶相关程度最高。 相似文献
4.
利用13X沸石分子筛净化含Pb~(2+)废水的实验研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
采用静态间歇法 ,实验研究了含Pb2 +废水的 pH值及吸附时间对 13X沸石分子筛吸附Pb2 +性能的影响 ,得出了最佳去除效果的优化条件为 :废水的 pH值接近中性 ,吸附时间 10min。通过吸附实验 ,确定了在Pb2 +初始浓度为 2 0mg/L的条件下 ,13X沸石对Pb2 +的吸附量为 2 1 4 2mg/g ,即每克沸石净化含Pb2 +废水的最大体积量约为 75 0mL。解析实验表明 ,加入沉淀剂 ,浓缩洗脱液中的Pb2 +即以PbS的形式生成沉淀 ,为回收金属铅提供了可能 ;13X沸石在循环使用 5次的条件下 ,对废水中Pb2 +的吸附率仍高达 98% ,重复使用性能良好。经处理后的净化水中Pb2 +的浓度小于 0 4mg/L ,显著低于国家废水排放标准GB8978 88的指标 ( 1 0mg/L)。 13X沸石对Pb2 +的主要吸附形式是离子交换和表面络合反应。 相似文献
5.
土壤污染日益严重,其中作为土壤污染类型之一的放射性核素污染已引起广泛关注。土壤中的部分微生物可以矿化 固结重金属离子,从而达到去除重金属离子的目的。本文实验对从土壤中分离的1株碳酸盐矿化菌的特性及其对Sr2+的矿化 结果进行研究,发现该菌对1.0g/L和0.5g/L模拟核素Sr2+的去除率可达98%和99%。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析 （EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD） 、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）等结果显示,矿化产物为碳酸锶。可见,利用碳酸盐矿化菌 治理土壤中放射性核素Sr2+污染具有可行性,该方法将会有一定应用前景。 相似文献
6.
粤北大宝山矿尾矿铅污染迁移及生态系统环境响应 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7
粤北大宝山铁多金属矿床的开发给环境带来了严重的危害。采选冶产生的废液及固体废弃物堆积的淋滤酸水, 携带浸滤出的大量重金属离子随着酸水排入下游河道, 严重影响矿区及酸水流域的生态环境。将矿床-土壤（含河流底泥）-水体-生命体视为统一的生态环境系统, 从尾砂、水体、河流底泥、土壤以及食用蔬菜等方面探讨整个环境系统对重金属Pb的环境响应。结果表明： 河流水中高Pb含量直接源于尾砂, 并受水体pH值的显著影响; 河流底泥能够大量聚集水体中的Pb, 在高pH值时, 相对稳定存在, 在水体pH值降低时, Pb会被再次从河流底泥中释放出来, 形成河流二次污染; 土壤中Pb含量受土壤pH值和土壤粒度的影响; 食用蔬菜中Pb的高含量受土壤Pb高含量决定, 并受土壤pH值的影响, 通过改善农业灌溉水质, 提高土壤pH值, 可以降低蔬菜重金属Pb含量。 相似文献
7.
凹凸棒石与Ni2+的长期吸附作用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以Ni2+为例研究了凹凸棒石与重金属离子长期作用过程,探讨了重金属离子在凹凸棒石上的吸附反应动力学,并运用高分辨透射电镜揭示了凹凸棒石与重金属离子互相作用引起重金属离子水解沉淀、形成氢氧化物或层状双氢氧化物次生物相的现象.实验表明,凹凸棒石-Ni2+水悬浮体系中,随着时间的延长溶液的pH值逐渐升高,Ni2+浓度逐渐降低,并且长期作用后悬浮液的pH值和重金属离子浓度受到固/液比控制.Ni2+在凹凸棒石和水两相中的分配在长达40 d的时间内都没有达到完全平衡,表明凹凸棒石-Ni2+水悬浮体系中存在凹凸棒石与重金属离子长期互相作用.凹凸棒石与Ni2+长期作用Ni2+浓度变化可以用抛物线扩散方程、双常数方程、一级扩散方程、Elovich方程较好地拟合.凹凸棒石与重金属的长期作用反应机制可能是由于凹凸棒石纳米效应和反应活性,表面缓慢水化导致含重金属离子溶液pH值缓慢升高,诱导了Ni2+在凹凸棒石表面沉淀,在凹凸棒石表面形成了氢氧化物或层状双氢氧化物. 相似文献
8.
随着中国经济发展,港口矿产品堆场重金属溶出作为港口土壤、水体的重要污染源不容忽视,重金属的溶出量与重金属种类有关。本文以天津港口矿石堆场中多类矿石为研究对象,通过静态浸泡实验,根据重金属的溶出情况确定典型矿产品和典型重金属因子,研究了时间、pH和温度对于典型矿产品中重金属溶出的影响。结果表明：铅精矿和铜精矿的重金属溶出量大,铅精矿中的Zn、Pb、Cd和铜精矿中的Ni是典型重金属因子,相应的溶出量比其他重金属高出1~3个数量级。随着时间的增加,铅精矿中Zn、Pb、Cd的溶出浓度增大,而铜精矿中Ni的溶出浓度基本上保持稳定。在pH 3.5~7.5的范围内,铅精矿中Zn、Pb、Cd和铜精矿中Ni的溶出浓度随pH值的变化均无显著性差异,且受pH的影响不大。在20~40℃的温度范围内,铅精矿中Zn、Pb、Cd的溶出浓度大体随温度升高而升高;铜精矿中Ni的溶出浓度则在30℃后呈现下降的趋势。本文初步探究了矿产品中重金属溶出的基本规律,为港口矿石堆场中矿产品重金属溶出的监控和防治提供了数据支持。 相似文献
9.
淋洗剂乙二胺四乙酸对重金属污染土工程特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以重金属铅（Pb2+）污染土和淋洗剂乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）为研究对象,通过批次试验研究了不同浓度EDTA的淋洗对Pb2+污染土的渗透特性、持水特性、压缩特性、抗剪强度等工程特性的影响,为淋洗修复后土壤的二次利用提供参数支持。基于矿物成分、孔隙结构等微观试验,揭示了土壤工程特性变化的内在机制。研究结果表明,当淋洗剂EDTA浓度从0增加到0.15 mol/L,经淋洗修复后的污染土壤pH值从7.94下降到5.12,渗透系数降低超过一个数量级,黏聚力降低50%以上,而内摩擦角增大,持水性能提高,孔隙比从0.81下降到了0.76。微观试验的结果表明,随着淋洗剂浓度的增大,土壤中的蒙脱石、钠长石和伊利石矿物含量减少,石英矿物含量增加,其中蒙脱石含量从7.87%下降到了0.07%,而石英矿物含量增加了11.09%;淋洗后土壤单位质量进汞量由0.22 ml/g降低到0.15 ml/g,土壤总孔隙体积减少。重金属污染土淋洗修复工程在考虑重金属去除率及经济性指标的同时,还应考虑淋洗剂对土壤工程特性的弱化。 相似文献
10.
高钙粉煤灰是燃煤电厂排出的固体废物,其堆放不仅需占用大量土地,而且对周围环境存在严重威胁。通过系统的室内试验,着重研究了高钙粉煤灰固化铅与锌污染土的工程性质,揭示了其作用机制,探讨了利用高钙粉煤灰固化重金属污染土的可行性。试验结果表明,土体受到重金属离子污染后其无侧限抗压强度降低,掺入高钙粉煤灰可提高土体强度,并能抑制重金属离子的滤出;污染物浓度较低时,固化污染土中的Pb2+和Zn2+均能得到有效固化,污染物浓度较高时,Zn2+的固化效果优于Pb2+。干湿循环试验结果表明,高钙粉煤灰固化污染土的强度随干湿循环次数的增加,先增大后减小;固化土体中重金属离子浓度较低时,滤出液中金属离子浓度随干湿循环次数增加而增大;重金属离子浓度较高时,滤出液中金属离子浓度基本保持不变。 相似文献
11.
Vanadium-fulvic acid chemistry: conformational and binding studies by electron spin probe techniques
Two fractions of soil fulvic acid (FA) were separated by gel filtration chromatography. An observed increase in volume of the heavier fraction (FA I) with increasing pH was attributed to aggregation, intramolecular negative charge repulsions and the rupture of hydrogen bonds, which control molecular conformation. Optical absorption properties and elemental analyses of both fractions were determined. The stability constants and stoichiometries of FA complexes with vanadyl, VO2+, at pH 5.0 and ionic strength of 0.04 M were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. EPR spectra of model VO2+ complexes with phthalic and salicylic acids, which are the probable functional groups present in FA, are identical to those of the VO2+-FA complexes. Aggregation of FA I occurs in the presence of VO2+ to form a complex that can be approximated as ‘(VO)2(FA I)6’. The average site distance between vanadyl ions in this complex is shown to be greater than 1.2 nm. EPR parameters for FA I suggest binding by carboxylate groups. These parameters are compared with those of other vanadyl complexes with fulvic and humic acids reported by others. Reduction of VO3? to VO2+ by these materials is discussed. 相似文献
12.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
The purpose of this research is to study how the bacteria Pseudomonas putida (DCB13) utilises calcium ions in a culture medium with carbon dioxide (CO2) to yield calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The bacteria strain P. putida is a dominant strain isolated from the dolomitic surfaces in areas of Karst topographies, Guizhou Province. The experimental method was as follows: a modified beef extract-peptone medium (beef extract 3.0 g, peptone 10 g, NaCl 5.0 g, CaCl2 2.0 g, glass powder 2.0 g, distilled water 1 L and a pH between 6.5 and 7.5) was inoculated with P. putida in order to attempt to induce the synthesis of CaCO3. The sample was then processed by centrifugation every 24 hours during the 7-day cultivation period. The pH, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and the concentrations of both HCO3- and Ca2+ of the supernatant fluid were measured. Subsequently, precipitation in the culture medium was analyzed to confirm, or otherwise, the presence and if present, the formation of CaCO3. Methods used included X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed that P. putida can improve its pH value in this culture medium; concentrations of HCO3- and Ca2+ showed a significant decline over the duration of the cultivation period. CA activity reached its maximum during the second day; XRD, SEM and TEM all revealed the presence of CaCO3 as a precipitate. Additionally, these results did not occur in an aseptic control group: no detectable level of CaCO3 was yielded therein. In conclusion: P. putida can metabolise active materials such as secretase by its own growth and metabolism, and can either utilise atmospheric CO2, or respire, to induce CaCO3 production. 相似文献
13.
The sorption of lead (II) and cadmium (II) on seven shales belonging to the Proterozoic Vindhyan basin, central India, and a black cotton soil, Mumbai, India, was studied and compared with sorbent geochemistry. The sorption equilibrium studies were conducted under completely mixed conditions in batch reactors (pH=5.0 and ionic strength= 0.01 M) at room temperature. The Freundlich model provided better fits to the experimental data compared to Langmuir model. High cadmium and lead sorption was observed for the calcareous shales with greater than 5% CaCO3. The Freundlich isotherm parameter relating to sorption capacity, i.e., KF, yielded a strong correlation with the calcium carbonate and calcium oxide content across the various geosorbents studied. The observed sorption pattern may be attributed to complex formation of CaCO3 with Pb2+ and Cd2+ leading to surface precipitation. Moreover, the Ca2+ present in the sorbents may also involve in ion exchange reaction with lead and cadmium. 相似文献
14.
The Removal of Dissolved Metals by Hydroxysulphate Precipitates during Oxidation and Neutralization of Acid Mine Waters, Iberian Pyrite Belt 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
J. Sánchez España E. López Pamo E. Santofimia Pastor J. Reyes Andrés J. A. Martín Rubí 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2006,12(3):269-298
This study examines the removal of dissolved metals during the oxidation and neutralization of five acid mine drainage (AMD)
waters from La Zarza, Lomero, Esperanza, Corta Atalaya and Poderosa mines (Iberian Pyrite Belt, Huelva, Spain). These waters
were selected to cover the spectrum of pH (2.2–3.5) and chemical composition (e.g., 319–2,103 mg/L Fe; 2.85–33.3 g/L SO4=) of the IPB mine waters. The experiments were conducted in the laboratory to simulate the geochemical evolution previously
recognized in the field. This evolution includes two stages: (1) oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) followed by hydrolysis and
precipitation of Fe(III), and (2) progressive pH increase during mixing with fresh waters. Fe(III) precipitates at pH < 3.5
(stages 1 and 2) in the form of schwertmannite, whereas Al precipitates during stage 2 at pH 5.0 in the form of several hydroxysulphates
of variable composition (hydrobasaluminite, basaluminite, aluminite). During these stages, trace elements are totally or partially
sorbed and/or coprecipitated at different rates depending basically on pH, as well as on the activity of the SO4=
anion (which determines the speciation of metals). The general trend for the metals which are chiefly present as aqueous
free cations (Pb2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+) is a progressive sorption at increasing pH. On the other hand, As and V (mainly present as anionic species) are completely
scavenged during the oxidation stage at pH < 3.5. In waters with high activities (> 10−1) of the SO 4= ion, some elements like Al, Zn, Cd, Pb and U can also form anionic bisulphate complexes and be significantly sorbed at pH
< 5. The removal rates at pH 7.0 range from around 100% for As, V, Cu and U, and 60–80% for Pb, to less than 20% for Zn, Co,
Ni and Mn. These processes of metal removal represent a significant mechanism of natural attenuation in the IPB. 相似文献
15.
Iron sulfide oxidation and the chemistry of acid generation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Acid mine drainage, produced from the oxidation of iron sulfides, often contains elevated levels of dissolved aluminum (AI),
iron (Fe), and sulfate (SO4) and low pH. Understanding the interactions of these elements associated with acid mine drainage is necessary for proper
solid waste management planning. Two eastern oil shales were leached using humidity cell methods. This study used a New Albany
Shale (4.6 percent pyrite) and a Chattanooga Shale (1.5 percent pyrite). The leachates from the humidity cells were filtered,
and the filtrates were analyzed for total concentrations of cations and anions. After correcting for significant solution
species and complexes, ion activities were calculated from total concentrations. The results show that the activities of Fe3+, Fe2+, Al3+, and SO4
2− increased due to the oxidation of pyrite. Furthermore, the oxidation of pyrite resulted in a decreased pH and an increased
pe+pH (redox-potential). The Fe3+ and Fe2+ activities appeared to be controlled by amorphous Fe(OH)3 solid phase above a pH of 6.0 and below pe+pH 11.0. The Fe3+, Fe2+, and SO4
2− activities reached saturation with respect to FeOHSO4 solid phase between pH 3.0 and 6.0 and below pe+pH 11.0 Below a pH of 3.0 and above a pe+pH of 11.0, Fe2+, Fe3+, and SO4
2− activities are supported by FeSO4·7H2O solid phase. Above a pH of 6.0, the Al3+ activity showed an equilibrium with amorphous Al(OH)3 solid phase. Below pH 6.0, Al3+ and SO4
2− activities are regulated by the AlOHSO4 solid phase, irrespective of pe+pH. The results of this study suggest that under oxidizing conditions with low to high leaching
potential, activities of Al and Fe can be predicted on the basis of secondary mineral formation over a wide range of pH and
redox. As a result, the long-term chemistry associated with disposal environments can be largely predicted (including trace
elements). 相似文献
16.
Aqueous oxidation of sulfide minerals to sulfate is an integral part of the global sulfur and oxygen cycles. The current model for pyrite oxidation emphasizes the role of Fe2+-Fe3+ electron shuttling and repeated nucleophilic attack by water molecules on sulfur. Previous δ18O-labeled experiments show that a variable fraction (0-60%) of the oxygen in product sulfate is derived from dissolved O2, the other potential oxidant. This indicates that nucleophilic attack cannot continue all the way to sulfate and that a sulfoxyanion of intermediate oxidation state is released into solution. The observed variability in O2% may be due to the presence of competing oxidation pathways, variable experimental conditions (e.g. abiotic, biotic, or changing pH value), or uncertainties related to the multiple experiments needed to effectively use the δ18O label to differentiate sulfate-oxygen sources. To examine the role of O2 and Fe3+ in determining the final incorporation of O2 oxygen in sulfate produced during pyrite oxidation, we designed a set of aerated, abiotic, pH-buffered (pH = 2, 7, 9, 10, and 11), and triple-oxygen-isotope labeled solutions with and without Fe3+ addition. While abiotic and pH-buffered conditions help to eliminate variables, triple oxygen isotope labeling and Fe3+ addition help to determine the oxygen sources in sulfate and examine the role of Fe2+-Fe3+ electron shuttling during sulfide oxidation, respectively.Our results show that sulfate concentration increased linearly with time and the maximum concentration was achieved at pH 11. At pH 2, 7, and 9, sulfate production was slow but increased by 4× with the addition of Fe3+. Significant amounts of sulfite and thiosulfate were detected in pH ? 9 reactors, while concentrations were low or undetectable at pH 2 and 7. The triple oxygen isotope data show that at pH ? 9, product sulfate contained 21-24% air O2 signal, similar to pH 2 with Fe3+ addition. Sulfate from the pH 2 reactor without Fe3+ addition and the pH 7 reactors all showed 28-29% O2 signal. While the O2% in final sulfate apparently clusters around 25%, the measurable deviations (>experimental error) from the 25% in many reaction conditions suggest that (1) O2 does get incorporated into intermediate sulfoxyanions (thiosulfate and sulfite) and a fraction survives sulfite-water exchange (e.g. the pH 2 with no Fe3+ addition and both pH 7 reactors); and (2) direct O2 oxidation dominates while Fe3+ shuttling is still competitive in the sulfite-sulfate step (e.g. the pH 9, 10, and 11 and the pH 2 reactor with Fe3+ addition). Overall, the final sulfate-oxygen source ratio is determined by (1) rate competitions between direct O2 incorporation and Fe3+ shuttling during both the formation of sulfite from pyrite and from sulfite to final sulfate, and (2) rate competitions between sulfite and water oxygen exchange and the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. Our results indicate that thiosulfate or sulfite is the intermediate species released into solution at all investigated pH and point to a set of dynamic and competing fractionation factors and rates, which control the oxygen isotope composition of sulfate derived from pyrite oxidation. 相似文献
17.
Exchange reactions between Ca2+, H+ and Al species and their effects on the aluminium mobility in two Chinese acidic forest soils were studied. The study was based on a batch experiment using extractant solutions with different base cation (calcium) concentrations and pH. The experimental data showed that increased Ca2+ concentrations increased the release of soil hydrogen—and aluminium ions, especially from the more acid soil. In agreement with a cation exchange process, the treatment with Ca2+ extracts gave significantly decreased soil aluminium saturation (AlS) and increased calcium saturation (CaS) on the ion exchanger. Geochemical calculation using AlCHEMI program showed that activities of Al3+ in the extracts were all strongly under-saturated with respect to any gibbsite mineral in the studied pH region (i.e. below 4.1). There were instead apparently two different mechanisms controlling the activities of Al3+ in extracts. At pH between about 4.1 and 3.7, the Al3+ activity did not change significantly with pH. This is especially the case in the more acid soil. Apparently there are no sizeable pools available to release Al in this pH region. At pH below 3.7 (induced by higher Ca2+concentration) the activity of Al3+ increased with H+ though not in a pattern that complies with a gibbsite solubility control. An increase of base cation deposition would therefore mainly enhance the release of hydrogen ions between pH 4.1 and 3.7 and aluminium ions below pH 3.7 from Chinese mature acidic soils. This will cause an increased acidity of soil water in the short term and a decrease in the soil acidity in the long term. More attention should be paid to this fact in Chinese acid rain studies and control options. 相似文献
18.
Xiaofen Yang Hongmei Wang Linfeng Gong Hima Hassane Zhengbo Jiang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(2):221-225
Fe2+ oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in pure and mixed cultures was investigated in batch cultures in the presence of arsenate. The pH value was periodically
monitored and Fe2+ content was analyzed by the 1,10-phenanthroline method. ICP-AES was employed for the analysis of As(V) concentration in the
solution phase. Precipitates were collected and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Slight enhancement of iron bio-oxidation was
observed in mixed cultures with the two greatest As(V) concentrations (1.0 and 5.0 mg/L As), which were enriched from sediment
samples in an abandoned copper mine site. As(V) concentrations decreased with time, indicating either the co-precipitation
with or the adsorption by jarosite, the major sink of solid phase. Our data suggest that biogenically synthesized jarosite
may play an important role in the attenuation of soluble arsenate in natural aquatic environments. 相似文献
19.
C.E. Clarke J. Aguilar-Carrillo A.N. Roychoudhury 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(17):4846-4856
Drying induced pH changes were quantified on the surface of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+ saturated smectite and kaolinite clays. This was achieved using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to measure real time changes to a pH indicator, sorbed to the clay mineral surface, during wetting and drying events. Using this technique it was possible to measure how low the pH of the surface drops during dehydration, the critical water content at which acidification of the surface begins and lastly how reversible the pH decrease is. The results show that only Al3+-smectite shows acidification below pH 4.8 with drying. The pH starts to decrease on the Al3+-smectite surface even when significantly hydrated (gravimetric water content ∼ 125 mg/m2), and falls to between 1.2 and 1.4 when completely air dry. The drying induced pH decrease is completely reversible on rewetting, suggesting large pH oscillations may occur on smectite surfaces with appreciable exchangeable Al3+. Aluminium saturated kaolinite did not show significant acidification in response to drying (pH > 3.5), however, a 0.1 M AlCl3 solution evaporated to a final pH of 2.8. The enhanced acidification observed on an Al-smectite clay compared to a solution containing free Al3+ ions highlights the role of highly charged surfaces in the hydrolysis reaction that occurs within the hydration shell of exchangeable Al3+ ions. 相似文献
20.
Stacin Martin Chen Zhu Joseph Rule Robert Ford Yee Soong 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(6):1543-1553
Experiments of Zn2+ and Fe3+ coprecipitation as a function of pH were conducted in the laboratory at ambient temperature and pressure. X-ray diffraction patterns of the coprecipitates show two broad peaks at 0.149 and 0.258 nm, which is consistent with published patterns for pure 2-line ferrihydrite. Zn2+ uptake occurred at pH ≥5 while Fe3+ precipitation occurred between pH 3 and 4, although both Zn2+ and Fe3+ were present in the same solution during the entire range of pH titration. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the coprecipitates are 2 to 6 nm sized single crystalline particles but aggregated to 50 to 400 nm sized clusters. Analytical electron microscopy indicated that the 5% atomic Zn with respect to Fe was homogeneously distributed. No segregated phases were found in the clusters or at single crystal edges, which is consistent with published extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results at similar Zn/(Zn + Fe) ratios. Hence, occlusion and surface precipitation may be excluded as possible coprecipitation mechanisms. The bulk solution Zn2+ sorption edge was fitted to both solid solution and generalized diffuse layer surface complexation models. However, a solid solution model is inconsistent with published EXAFS results that show tetrahedral polydentate Zn2+ complexes sharing apices with Fe3+octahedra. 相似文献