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1.
土壤重金属含量是影响黄芩产量和质量的重要因素。选取承德市中部金沟屯和五道岭两处黄芩种植示范区为研究区，采集表层土壤样品355件，黄芩样品30件，重金属形态样品15件。在分析土壤Mn、Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Ni、Hg、V、Co、Sb和土壤有机质含量（SOM）及pH值，黄芩Zn、Cu、Cr、Co、Cd、Pb、Ni、Hg和As含量基础上，采用描述性统计、地累积指数、主成分和RDA分析、重金属生物富集系数、生物活性系数和迁移系数等方法论述了土壤-黄芩系统重金属生物有效性及迁移累积特征。结果表明:金沟屯和五道岭区土壤各重金属累积程度总体属无-中度累积水平。五道岭Cu和Hg累积程度高于金沟屯区，其它元素累积程度低于金沟屯区。五道岭区表层土壤Cr、Cu和Cd含量超标率分别为2.82%、1.69%和1.13%；金沟屯区土壤Cd、Cr和Ni，五道岭区土壤Zn和Hg含量超标率均为0.56%。五道岭区黄芩Cu元素含量高于金沟屯区，Co和Cu元素生物富集强度高于金沟屯区，其它元素含量和生物富集强度则均低于金沟屯区。土壤Cd和Hg元素生物活性系数相对最高，Ni、Zn和Pb元素次之，Cu、Cr和As生物活性系数相对较低。金沟屯区根系土具有较低的pH值和较高的SOM含量，区内黄芩根部As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn和Pb元素BCF平均值高于五道岭区，Cu元素富集强度低于五道岭区。土壤重金属生物有效性和黄芩重金属生物富集强度受土壤pH和SOM含量影响，其中Cd和Cu元素受SOM含量影响最为明显。 相似文献
2.
硒是人体和动物必需的微量有益元素,摄入适量硒是提高人群生活质量的重要标志。食用富硒农产品是缺硒地区人体获取和补充硒元素的重要途径。调查土壤硒的含量特征、圈定富硒土壤资源分布区、查明土壤硒迁移富集的影响因素,是高效利用富硒土壤资源和科学开发富硒农产品的重要依据。本文选择四川省沐川县西部地区采集土壤样品,采用原子荧光光谱法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱法等方法测定土壤中Se、Al2O3、TFe2O3、OrgC、Cd等元素含量和pH值,利用统计学及相关分析等方法研究了土壤硒等元素含量和分布特征,并对土壤硒含量的主要影响因素进行探讨。结果表明：①研究区表层土壤硒含量范围为0.08~1.30mg/kg,平均含量为0.39±0.15mg/kg,满足富硒土壤条件的土壤面积为112km2,占研究区总面积的52%,其中无公害富硒土壤面积为35km2。土壤Cd含量是造成富硒土壤和无公害富硒土壤面积具有较大差异性的主要因素。②地质背景与土壤硒含量密切相关,富硒土壤主要受含碳酸盐岩及夹碳质地层的砂岩、粉砂岩等地层控制,土壤硒来源稳定;③土壤硒含量随pH值、风化程度的降低而升高,随有机质、TFe2O3、S含量的升高而升高,其中有机质对土壤硒的影响显著大于TFe2O3,表明该区域铁氧化物对硒的吸附能力低于有机质。综上所述,研究区富硒土壤资源丰富,建议当地充分利用相关资源开发富硒农产品,同时应注重有机肥的平衡施肥,并进一步加强土壤-作物系统中硒迁移富集影响因素的协同分析。 相似文献
3.
通过福建省寿宁县多目标区域地球化学调查,查明了土壤硒分布和富集特征,研究了土壤硒与pH值及其他元素的相关关系。结果表明,表层土壤硒含量为0.13~0.92 mg/kg,平均值为0.35 mg/kg,深层土壤硒含量为0.14~0.54mg/kg,平均值为0.29 mg/kg,燕山晚期正常花岗岩（ξγK1）发育的土壤中硒含量最高,平均值为0.39mg/kg,其次为南园组四段（J3n4）和小溪组上段（K1x2）发育的土壤,不同土壤类型硒平均含量呈现出黄壤 > 红壤 > 水稻土的特点。表层土壤总体上属于富硒、足硒土壤,富硒土壤面积为405.04 km2,占28.24%,表层土壤硒含量相对于深层土壤表现出明显的富集特征,强烈富集区域与富硒土壤区域基本吻合,具有开发富硒农产品的潜力。相关分析表明,土壤硒含量与TOC、Al2O3、TFe2O3、Mn等呈显著正相关,与pH呈显著负相关,说明土壤理化性质、铁锰氧化物等对硒的表生地球化学行为有重要影响。 相似文献
4.
湖北宜昌鸦鹊岭地区岩石-土壤元素迁移特征及柑橘种植适宜性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“宜昌蜜桔”久享盛誉，鸦鹊岭地区是其典型产地之一。本文选取宜昌市鸦鹊岭地区柑橘基地开展岩石-土壤垂向剖面地球化学测量，通过对植物营养有益元素、稀土元素等进行测试分析，调查相关元素由岩石至土壤的迁移特征，评价柑橘生长岩土环境适宜性。结果表明：土壤元素多会继承其在母岩中的含量水平，如相似的稀土元素配分模式，Si、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Mo、Sr等元素相似的相对富集或贫化程度；根据相关性分析及聚类分析，识别出Al-FeGe-Ni-B-K-Si，S-N-Se-P，Cu-Zn-Mo等3类正相关性元素组合；选择种植柑橘土壤所对应的成土母岩适宜性优劣排序依次为，红花套组（K2h）长石石英砂岩>牌楼口组（E2p）钙质砂岩>掇刀石组（Nd）泥灰岩>罗镜滩组（K2l）钙质砾岩，并进一步提出种植优化建议。 相似文献
5.
辽宁大石桥菱镁矿床的碳氧同位素组成和成因 总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5
在2.33~2.06Ga期间,δ13Ccarb发生了地质历史上最强烈的正异常事件,被称为Lomagundi事件。辽河群形成于2.3~1.85Ga期间,其大石桥组蕴涵超大型的大石桥菱镁矿矿床,在矿区厚约1144m。为检验华北克拉通对Lomagundi事件响应,揭示大石桥菱镁矿的成因,本文报道我们最新获得的地球化学研究结果。大石桥菱镁矿6件下伏白云岩地层样品的CaO/MgO摩尔比为0.87~0.94,δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb值分别为0.6‰~1.4‰（平均1.2‰,V-PDB标准）和16.4‰~19.5‰（平均18.2‰,SMOW标准）;与世界正常海相碳酸盐岩地层相比,δ13Ccarb较高,而δ18Ocarb较低,表明原始沉积物具有类似于Lomagundi事件的δ13Ccarb正异常,δ13Ccarb可能高达4.2‰,但δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb值均在沉积之后的成岩或/和变质过程中显著降低。研究剖面大石桥菱镁矿含矿地层厚逾550m,6件样品的CaO/Mg0摩尔比为0.005~0.23,δ13Ccarb和δ18Ocarb值分别为0.1‰~0.6‰（平均0.4‰）,9.2‰~12.7‰（平均10.9‰）,均低于下伏围岩白云岩;推测与区域变质有关的流体交代作用导致岩石发生重结晶作用和同位素交换,使δ13CV-PDB和δ18OV-SMOW值降低。而对菱镁矿顶板白云岩和网脉状菱镁矿矿石的研究进一步证明了上述解释的合理性。总之,大石桥菱镁矿的形成经历了初始沉积、成岩作用、区域变质和流体交代作用以及成矿后的局部蚀变作用。 相似文献
6.
基于成渝地区土地质量地球化学调查资料,研究四川南部县土壤中54种元素的地球化学特征。结果表明,与全国土壤相比,研究区重金属元素As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn基准值较低,Cd、Cr较高,Ni相当;多数重金属元素和植物营养元素背景值低于全国A层土壤背景值,仅CaO、Cd、MgO、Cr、F等的背景值高于全国土壤水平。多数元素(指标)背景值与基准值相当,说明表生作用和人为活动对表层土壤影响较小;而C、CaO、Cd、Org.C、I、MgO、N、P、S、Se等10种元素(指标)在表层土壤富集,表明这些元素受自身地球化学行为和人为活动输入影响。第四系和侏罗系遂宁组地层表层土壤元素分布差异较大,富集或贫化特征明显。就pH值而言,Cd、F、Cl、Mn、N、P、K2O、S、CaO、C、Org.C均在碱性环境含量较高,As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Co、B、Mo、Ge、TFe2O3、SiO2在酸性环境含量高,多数元素在中性环境中趋于稳定。 相似文献
7.
本文以K2S2O7、NaF、Al2O3、NH4I和C粉做为缓冲剂,Ge元素做内标,试样与缓冲剂1 ∶ 1混合均匀后用杯状带颈碳电极直接双份装样。利用原子发射光谱法,采用交流电弧激发火焰光源对试样燃烧以摄取锡元素多条光谱线。使用新型全自动CCD测光系统,以Ge 270. 963 nm为内标线,选择了波长分别为283. 993 nm,285. 079 nm和281. 358 nm 的三条不同灵敏度的Sn元素谱线,对矿石中中、低及微量锡元素进行了测试,解决了传统原子发射光谱法只能进行微量元素分析无法对中低含量准确测试的缺陷,也克服了化学仪器法流程复杂、干扰严重的不足。本法不需要对试样进行稀释,就能对未知含量范围的试样直接测试,有效拓宽了锡元素的测试范围：0. 001 × 10-2 ~ 15. 00 × 10-2,分析数据与参考值和原子荧光测试值相吻合。方法操作简便、快速, 用于样品测试取得了满意的效果。 相似文献
8.
冈底斯岩基南缘自西向东，从楠木林到米林广泛出露一系列含暗色细粒包体的含紫苏辉石侵入岩。这一系列含紫苏辉石的侵入岩具有斜长石以及紫苏辉石的巨晶（>5mm），呈现出堆晶结构。锆石U-Pb定年表明，这一系列含紫苏辉石侵入岩的结晶年龄为97~77Ma，并不随侵位位置具有显著的经度上的变化。含紫苏辉石的基性岩具有高的Al2O3（17.3%~18.2%）含量，较高的MgO（3.9%~4.1%）含量，FeOT含量在8.7%~9.0%之间；低的Cr（<14.8×10-6）和Ni（<15.0×10-6）含量，基本不具有Eu的异常，富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）和LREE，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）。含紫苏辉石的中-酸性岩具有高的Al2O3（14.9%~18.8%）含量，高的Mg#值（>39.7）；变化较大的Cr（5.7×10-6~260×10-6）和Ni（10.2×10-6~78.2×10-6）含量，具有微弱-强烈的Eu的负异常，富集LILE和LREE，亏损HFSE。暗色细粒包体与含紫苏辉石基性岩相比具有相似的SiO2含量，FeOT（8.1%~9.0%）含量，稍高的MgO（4.7%~5.4%）含量，Al2O3（18.1%~19.4%）含量以及Mg#值（51.0~52.6）；具有与含紫苏辉石基性岩相似的微量元素分布和稀土元素配分模式。这一系列含紫苏辉石的侵入岩具有较低的初始Sr同位素比值（87Sr/86Sr（t）=0.7037~0.7044），较高并变化较大的εNd（t）值（+3.7~+9.4）和εHf（t）值（+9.9~+14.6）。这些特征共同说明，经流体+熔体交代的地幔楔中软流圈部分在俯冲流体存在的情况下发生部分熔融形成母岩浆，其母岩浆随后与俯冲板片熔体发生混合。在岩浆演化过程中经历了单斜辉石、斜方辉石以及斜长石的分离结晶并最终形成了冈底斯岩基南缘出露的含紫苏辉石侵入岩。暗色细粒包体可以代表母岩浆的早期堆晶，是岩浆淬火作用的产物。母岩浆中大量流体的存在，使其结晶顺序为单斜辉石-斜长石（紫苏辉石），随后的堆晶作用使得这一系列侵入岩得以赋存紫苏辉石。 相似文献
9.
辽南42号金伯利岩岩管主要由东部42-1号大岩管、西部42-2号小岩管和中部42-3号小小岩管组成。42-1号岩管从地表到40 m标高形态急剧收缩;42-2号岩管为烟筒状,40 m标高至-160 m标高面积比为1∶1.15;42-3岩管在-200 m标高处延深为脉状。42号岩管岩石类型为斑状金伯利岩、斑状富金云母金伯利岩、含或富含围岩角砾金伯利岩和含岩球斑状金伯利岩。岩石化学特征研究表明,岩石中w(SiO2)、w(Al2O3)、w(TiO2)值比山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩和戴里值偏高,w(MgO)、w(Cr2O3)、w(K2O)、w(Na2O)、w(P2O5)值较戴里值偏低,但w(K2O)、w(Na2O)、w(P2O5)值比山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩略高;w(ΣFe2O3+FeO)、w(CaO+H2O)值与山东胜利Ⅰ号金伯利岩及戴里值相当。通过采样分析42-2号岩管金刚石含量高,42-1号岩管金刚石含量低;研究认为受造岩矿物橄榄石和金云母的影响,金刚石含量与橄榄石斑晶含量正相关,与金云母含量呈负相关;伴生矿物铬铁矿、镁铝榴石、碳硅石含量高,则金刚石含量也随之增高,为正相关;而锐钛矿于金刚石含量为负相关。基于研究区的三维建模、推覆构造研究,推测42号岩管不是根部相,其东部可能存在深部金伯利岩体。 相似文献
10.
黔西南册亨县丫他金矿是扬子地块西南缘右江盆地中的重要卡林型金矿之一,产于三叠系巨厚的裂陷槽盆相复理石建造碎屑岩相区中。矿体受控于褶皱断裂带,其形态、规模、产状受高角度断裂带控制。根据典型矿物蚀变组合,可划分三个成矿阶段：铁白云石-黄铁矿阶段、白云石-黄铁矿-似碧玉岩-多金属矿物阶段以及毒砂-雌雄黄-方解石-石英阶段。本文为探究丫他金矿成矿过程中元素的迁移特征,通过采集不同矿化程度的样品,采用Isocon图解法对元素质量平衡进行了定量计算,结果显示在成矿作用过程中,伴随着持续的SiO2含量升高以及CaO含量的降低,指示硅化与去碳酸盐化与成矿关系密切;K2O和TFe2O3含量虽有变化但过程中有所波动,表现为载金矿物黄铁矿与黏土矿物的沉淀;TiO2和Al2O3含量在各个阶段岩石中变化不大,且显示出较高的平均值。与金矿化密切相关的微量元素是As、Sb、W、Hg、Ag、Cu、Zn、Tl,随着成矿流体通过与围岩的相互作用成矿过程中发生迁移,在金以Au(HS)0或是Au(HS)2-络合物形式进入含砷黄铁矿晶格中的同时沉淀黄铜矿、闪锌矿、硫砷锑汞矿等其他金属矿物。 相似文献
11.
Fluorine is one of the many environmental harmful elements released by volcanic activity. The content of total oxalate-extractable
and water-extractable fluorine was determined in 96 topsoils of three active volcanic systems of southern Italy (Mt Etna,
Stromboli and Vulcano). Total fluorine (F) content (F
TOT) ranges from 112 to 7,430 mg kg−1, F extracted with oxalate (F
OX) ranges from 16 to 2,320 mg kg−1 (2–93% of F
TOT) and F extracted with distilled water (
) ranges from 1.7 to 159 mg kg−1 (0.2–40 % of F
TOT). Fluorine in the sampled topsoils derives both from the weathering of volcanic rocks and ashes and from the enhanced deposition
due to volcanic gas emissions either from open-conduit passive degassing (Mt Etna and Stromboli) or from a fumarolic field
(Vulcano). Fluorine accumulation in the studied soils does not generally present particular environmental issues except for
a few anomalous sites at Vulcano, where measured contents could be dangerous both for vegetation and for grazing animals. 相似文献
12.
Spatial distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of germanium in soil of northern Dabie Mountains,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 With the increasing application of germanium (Ge) elements in modern industry, military and medical health industries, especially with the growing demand for Ge-rich agricultural products, the study of Ge-rich soil has become particularly important, but the enrichment pattern and control factors of Ge-rich soil are still not well understood due to the high dispersion and high migration of Ge-rich soil. In this paper, 495 surface soil (0–20 cm) and 149 deep soil (150–200 cm) samples were collected from the northern foothills of Dabie Mountain using a double-layer grid layout, and the spatial distribution and enrichment characteristics of Ge were studied by high-resolution method, and the controlling factors affecting the distribution of Ge-rich soil was analyzed by geo-statistics and spatial analogy. The results show an average Ge content of 1.34 mg/kg for the surface and 1.36 mg/kg for the deep soil. In the assessment grade classification of surface and deep soil for Ge, the abundant and sub-abundant grades account for 37.97% and 31.70%, respectively, covering 752 km2 and 634 km2. Surface Ge-rich regions are distributed in concentrated strips in the north-central part of the studied region, and there is no clear pattern in the spatial distribution of deep soils. In the areas under study, such as Fenlukou, Dingji, and Jiangjiadian, the surface soil is very rich in Ge and has a high enrichment factor, which is valuable for agricultural development. In surface soils, river deposits and shallow metamorphic rock parent materials have the highest content of Ge, while in deep soils, the highest content has been found in the parent material of moderately acidic rock. Both surface and deep soils have the highest Ge content in purple paddy soils and plain areas. The source of Ge in the soils of the study area is most influenced by the lithology of the soil-forming parent material, while the distribution of Ge in the surface soils is jointly influenced by pH, SiO2, TFe2O3, and Al2O3 in the soil. This study has implications for understanding the enrichment pattern of Ge in soil and its controlling factors as well as for the development of Ge-rich agricultural products. 相似文献
13.
The Sarcheshmeh copper mine smelter plant is one of the biggest copper producers in Iran. Long-time operation of about 25 years
of the smelter plant causes release of potentially toxic heavy metals into the environment. In this paper, geochemical distribution
of toxic heavy metals in 28 soil samples was evaluated around the Sarcheshmeh smelter plant. Soils developed over the nonmineralized
and uncontaminated areas have an average background concentration of 41.25 mg kg−1 Cu, 26.6 mg kg−1 As, 12.7 mg kg−1 Pb, 0.9 mg kg−1 Sb, 1.9 mg kg−1 Mo, 1.7 mg kg−1 Sn, 0.2 mg kg−1 Cd, 0.15 mg kg−1 Bi, 235 mg kg−1 S and 73.4 mg kg−1 Zn, respectively. As a result of smelting process, the upper soil layers (0–5 cm) were polluted by Cu (>1,397 mg kg−1), Cd (>3.42 mg kg−1), S (>821 mg kg−1), Mo (>10.3 mg kg−1), Sb (>11.7 mg kg−1), As (>120.6 mg kg−1), Pb (>83.8 mg kg−1), Zn (>214.9 mg kg−1), and Sn (>3.7 mg kg−1), respectively. These values are much higher than the normal concentration of the elements in the uncontaminated soil layers.
The elemental values decrease with distance travelled away of the smelter plant, especially at minimum wind direction. Furthermore,
high contaminated values of Cu (8,430 mg kg−1), As (500 mg kg−1), Pb (331 mg kg−1), Mo (61 mg kg−1), Sb (56.2 mg kg−1), Zn (664 mg kg−1), Cd (17.2 mg kg−1), Bi (13.4 mg kg−1), and S (3,780 mg kg−1) were observed in the upper soil layers close to the smelting waste dumps. Sequential extraction analysis shows that about
270 mg kg−1 Cu, 28 mg kg−1 Pb, 50.33 mg kg−1 Zn, and 47.84 mg kg−1 As were adsorbed by Fe and Mn oxides. The carbonate phases include 151 mg kg−1 Cu, 28 mg kg−1 Pb, 25 mg kg−1 Zn, and 32.99 mg kg−1 As. Organic matter adsorbed 314.6 mg kg−1 Cu and 29.18 mg kg−1 Zn. 相似文献
14.
Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) and grazing land soil (Gr-horizon, 0–10 cm) samples were collected from a large part of Europe (33 countries, 5.6 million km2) as part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and grazing land Soil) soil mapping project. GEMAS soil data have been used to provide a general view of element mobility and source rocks at the continental scale, either by reference to average crustal abundances or to normalized patterns of element mobility during weathering processes. The survey area includes a diverse group of soil parent materials with varying geological history, a wide range of climate zones, and landscapes.The concentrations of Ge in European soil were determined by ICP-MS after an aqua extraction, and their spatial distribution patterns generated by means of a GIS software.The median values of Ge and its spatial distribution in Ap and Gr soils are almost the same (0.037 vs. 0.034 mg/kg, respectively). The majority of Ge anomalies is related to the type of soil parent material, namely lithology of the bedrock and minor influence of soil parameters such as pH, TOC and clay content. Metallogenic belts with sulphide mineralisation provide the primary source of Ge in soil in several regions in Europe, e.g. in Scandinavia, Germany, France, Spain and Balkan countries.Comparison with total Ge concentrations obtained from the Baltic Soil Survey shows that aqua regia is a very selective method with rather low-efficiency and cannot provide a complete explanation for Ge geochemical behaviour in soil. Additionally, large differences in Ge distribution are to be expected when different soil depth horizons are analysed. 相似文献
15.
江苏富硒土壤元素地球化学特征及主要来源 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
有关生态地球化学调查工程的成果应用已经受到高度关注。本文以江苏区域生态地球化学调查工程所获取的土壤、岩石等元素含量数据为基础，探讨了富硒土壤的分布特点、元素地球化学特征、物质来源与成因类型。研究结果显示：（1）全省富硒土壤的Se含量一般介于0.3~15 mg/kg，同时伴有S、TOC、Zn、Sb、Cd、Pb、As、Cr、Ni、Fe等相对富集；（2）富硒土壤可分为原岩风化残积型、煤矸石风化迁移型、湖相沉积型、粉煤灰型、污染叠加型、多金属矿化伴生型等6个成因类型，以产于苏南酸性土壤环境的原岩风化残积型富硒土壤利用价值最高，该类富硒土壤也是天然富硒农产品的主要产地；（3）富硒土壤物质来源具有多源复合性，表现为先天性物质来源（自然）、后天性物质来源（人为）及复合性物质来源（自然与人为叠加）等3种形式；（4）在先天性物质来源所形成的富硒土壤中，Se与S、TOC等呈显著正相关性，且Cd、Zn、Pb、As等未超标，富硒土壤厚度不受耕作层限制、深度可超过2 m。 相似文献
16.
Heavy metals pollution in the soil of an irregular urban settlement built on a former dumpsite in the city of Tijuana, Mexico 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Eustorgio C. Nava-Martínez Enrique Flores-García Heriberto Espinoza-Gomez Fernando T. Wakida 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(4):1239-1245
The aim of this study was to evaluate soil pollution by heavy metals in an irregular settlement built on a dumpsite. The soil
samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni. None of the concentrations found for the heavy metals analyzed were higher
than the established Mexican official standards for contaminated soils. The mean concentrations found for the analyzed metals
were as follows: 1.4 mg kg−1 for Cd, 4.7 in mg kg−1 for Cr, 304 mg kg−1 for Cu, 74 mg kg−1 for Pb and 6 mg kg−1 for Ni. The results of the geoacummulation index values show that the site was very polluted with Cu and Pb (class 7), polluted
to strongly polluted with Ni (class 4); moderately polluted to polluted with Cd (class 3), and moderately polluted with Cr
(class 1). The correlation analysis shows a high correlation between Pb and Cu (r
2 = 0.98), which would be explained if the main source of the polluting heavy metals was the result of electrical wire burning
to recover Copper. Principal component analysis shows three principal components. The first main component (PC1) encompasses
Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu. These heavy metals most likely have their origins from the open burning of municipal solid waste, tires
and wire. The other two components are encompassed by Cr (PC2) and Ni (PC3). The sources of these pollutants are more likely
related to the corrosion of junk metal objects and automobile use. 相似文献
17.
Hyperaccumulation of lead,zinc, and cadmium in plants growing on a lead/zinc outcrop in Yunnan Province,China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A field survey was conducted to identify potential hyperaccumulators of Pb, Zn or Cd in the Beichang Pb/Zn mine outcrop in
Yunnan Province, China. The average total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the soils were up to 28,438, 5,109, and 52 mg kg−1, respectively. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 60 genera of 37 families naturally colonizing the outcrop were recorded.
According to metal accumulation in the plants and translocation factor (TF), Silene viscidula was identified as potential hyperaccumulator of Pb, Zn, and Cd with mean shoot concentrations of 3,938 mg kg−1 of Pb (TF = 1.2), 11,155 mg kg−1 of Zn (TF = 1.8) and 236 mg kg−1 of Cd (TF = 1.1), respectively; S. gracilicanlis (Pb 3,617 mg kg−1, TF = 1.2) and Onosma paniculatum (Pb 1,837 mg kg−1, TF = 1.9) were potential Pb hyperaccumulators. Potentilla griffithii (Zn 8,748 mg kg−1, TF = 1.5) and Gentiana sp. (Zn 19,710 mg kg−1, TF = 2.7) were potential Zn hyperaccumulators. Lysimachia deltoides (Cd 212 mg kg−1, TF = 3.2) was a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. These new plant resources could be used to explore the mechanisms of Pb,
Zn and/or Cd hyperaccumulation, and the findings could be applied for the phytoremediation of Pb, Zn and/or Cd-contaminated
soils. 相似文献
18.
Chemical Weathering Rates, Erosion Rates and Mobility of Major and Trace Elements in a Boreal Granitic Till 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Chemical weathering rates and erosionrates of granitic till in northern Sweden have beenestimated. The present-day chemical weathering rate iscompared with the long-term average weathering ratesince the last deglaciation approximately 8,700 yearsago. Also, the present-day release rates of major andtrace elements due to chemical weathering are comparedwith the mobility of these elements in a spodosolprofile as shown by soil water samples from the vadozezone. The estimation of the past weathering rate isbased on elemental depletion trends in a soil profile(typic haplocryod), whereas the present weatheringrate is based on elemental input/output budgets in asmall catchment (9.4 km2). The long-term averagechemical erosion rate, expressed as the sum of majorelement oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO,Fe2O3, K2O, MgO, MnO, Na2O,P2O5, TiO2), was estimated to be4.9 gm-2 yr-1. The long-term base cation(Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) depletionwas 0.325 keq ha-1 yr-1. The currentchemical erosion rate was estimated to be2.43.0 g -2 yr-1, which is at least an order ofmagnitude higher than the rate of physical erosion,and the base cation flux due to chemical weathering is0.356–0.553~keq ha-1 yr-1. However,0.074 keq ha-1 yr-1 of this flux may be related tocation exchange processes induced by atmospheric inputof acid rain. There is no evidence for any recentlyincreased weathering rate of silicates in this area.The inputs of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn exceed the outputs,and hence, these elements are currently accumulatingin the soil.There is a distinct seasonal variation in thechemical composition of the soil water. Results fromthe soil water samples show that Na, followed by Siand S (Cl was not measured), are the most mobileelements in the spodosol profile between the E-horizonand the C-horizon, and that Al and Fe were the leastmobile elements. However, there is no simplerelationship between the mobility of an element in thespodosol profile and the current release rate due toweathering of that element. This fact may haveimplications for the validity of the comparisonbetween the past and present weathering rates asperformed in this study. 相似文献