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1.
胶东牟平-乳山金矿带金青顶金矿碲化物矿物的特征及沉淀机制 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜并结合能谱分析,在金青顶金矿Ⅱ号矿脉深部除含碲化物碲银矿、碲金银矿和碲铋矿外,首次发现碲金矿的存在,进一步证实了前人对于该矿床中存在碲金矿这一新矿物的推测,也打破了该金矿深部无碲金银矿的传统认识。这些碲化物呈连生体或者细脉状产于黄铁矿等硫化物、石英与黄铁矿裂隙中。在金银碲化物矿物中,Te含量变化较小,Au含量变化较大,与Ag呈负相关,与Bi为正相关。结合金-银-碲矿物成分-共生图解,对金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究。研究表明,Te总是优先与Ag结合形成碲银矿或碲金银矿,只有热液中Ag被消耗后才与Au结合形成碲金矿,最后Te被耗尽,矿液中残留很多的Au,从而形成自然金,说明随着成矿过程的演化,成矿热液可能逐渐富金,具体表现为碲银矿-碲金银矿-碲金矿-自然金的析出顺序。 相似文献
2.
对含碲金矿中碲化物物相组成和元素赋存特征开展系统的研究,有助于对此类金矿矿床成因的理解和找矿勘查工作。山东金青顶金矿床伴生的碲化物由于碲化物颗粒较小,不易被发现,以往的研究缺乏对碲化物元素分布的精细刻画。本文通过电子探针背散射图像、波谱分析、能谱分析结合面扫描技术对金青顶金矿床碲化物进行了分析,研究碲化物的种类、共生关系、化学成分以及元素分布特征等。结果表明:碲金银矿与碲银矿密切共生,常形成连生体,Au、Ag在连生体中不均匀分布,面扫描图局部可见碲金矿亮斑;Te总是优先和Ag结合,生成碲银矿,随着Ag的消耗碲金银矿开始出现,Ag被耗尽后Te与Au生成碲金矿,成矿后期热液中多余的金与碲金银矿或碲银矿反应生成非常规碲化物(如本文发现的Ag2.95Au1.83Te),当Te消耗完后生成自然金;金银矿物的生长顺序是碲银矿—碲金银矿—碲金矿—自然金。本研究为含碲金矿的综合利用提供了技术支持。 相似文献
3.
我国某些金矿床中金银碲化物矿物的共生关系 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
结合Au-Ag-Te三元系的实验矿物学结果,对我国金驹山 、银坑山、归来庄和驾鹿四 个金矿床中的金银碲化物矿物的共生组合特征进行了研究,并阐明了金银碲化物矿物在时空 关系上的共生组合和禁生关系特征。研究表明,金银碲化物是该类型金矿床中最重要的一类 矿物,其产出的种类和数量取决于成矿体系溶液中Au、Ag、Te元素的浓度及其含量比值;而 成矿体系中碲金银矿、碲银矿等低温同质多像变体的存在,反映了该类型矿床形成于成矿温 度和压力较低的环境条件下。 相似文献
4.
山东乳山金矿中金-银碲化物的矿物学特征与沉淀机理 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过显微鉴定和应用电子探针微束分析，查明乳山金矿中碲化物主要为碲银矿和碲金银矿，少量碲铅矿和碲铋矿，它们呈密切共生的集合体或联生体产出在黄铁矿等硫化物及石英等脉石矿物粒问或裂缝中。碲银矿和碲金银矿中Au含量变化较大，w（Au）为痕量至26．1％，与银呈负相关，与铋为正相关，可能是以类质同象形式替代Ag进入到碲银矿中；碲铅矿中未检测到金。金在金-银碲化物中的含量随温度降低而升高，相关矿物的形成顺序为碲银矿-碲金银矿-（碲金矿）。将金银碲化物成分投到Au-Ag-Te三元成分，共生图解上发现，它们都不是标准成分的端元矿物，推测这些碲化物（尤其是金银碲化物）是在非平衡状态下快速沉淀形成的，可能与含矿浠体的闻歇忡沸腾作用有关。 相似文献
5.
黑龙江省三道湾子金矿床是碲化物型低硫化浅成低温热液矿床,矿石类型主要为贫硫石英脉型,矿石矿物组合较简单,除了黄铁矿、黄铜矿以外,通过光薄片鉴定以及电子探针、扫描电镜分析,在矿脉中发现大量金银碲化物,主要有斜方碲金矿、针碲金银矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿等;脉石矿物有石英、方解石等,富含碲化物的地段往往是富矿囊的部位。三道湾子金矿床经历了四个成矿阶段：石英-黄铁矿阶段;石英-多金属硫化物阶段;石英-金、碲化物-硫化物阶段,为金矿脉的主体;石英-碳酸盐阶段。 相似文献
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松里沟金矿位于华北陆块南缘熊耳山地区,已探明金资源储量26 t。矿体产于中新太古界-古元古界太华群片麻岩NWW向的断裂带中。其热液成矿过程包括4个成矿阶段:黄铁矿-石英阶段、石英-黄铁矿阶段、金-碲化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段。显微镜下发现金-碲化物阶段存在大量与金共生的碲化物。利用电子探针和能谱分析查明碲化物的种类、共生关系和形成条件,确认的碲化物有碲铅铋矿、碲铅矿、碲铋矿、碲金矿、碲金银矿、硫碲铋铅金矿、辉碲铋矿,此外还有大量的自然金和少量的辉铋矿。该矿床为一与岩浆作用有关的碲金矿床。Au主要以自然金和金银碲化物的形式存在。Au、Ag以硫氢络合物的形式发生迁移,Te2(g)和H2Te(g)冷凝进入含贵金属的氯化物溶液是碲化物沉淀主要机制。相图及化学反应方程式分析表明,金-碲化物阶段受温度、碲逸度、硫逸度、氧逸度和酸碱度控制,其中,黄铁矿-石英阶段和石英-黄铁矿阶段形成于logf_(Te2)-14.4和logf_(S2)=-11.1~-6.5的环境。金-碲化物阶段形成于温度为110~313℃、logf_(Te2)=-15.2~-9.4和logf_(S2)=-16.5~-14.6、f_(O_2)升高和pH值降低的环境。碲化物的发现为探讨该矿床成因和熊耳山地区寻找同类型的矿床提供了依据。 相似文献
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为探讨鲁西铜石地区归来庄金矿和卓家庄金矿的成矿物质来源及成矿机制,利用显微镜和电子探针对矿石中典型碲化物矿物进行了分析研究。结果显示,碲化物矿物主要为自然碲和碲银矿,其次是针碲金银矿、AgAu_2Te_6、含银自然金和碲铅矿,初步认为AgAu_2Te_6为新矿物。针碲金银矿、AgAu_2Te_6、部分碲银矿、含银自然金可能是在非平衡状态下快速沉淀而成,与含矿流体的间歇性沸腾作用有关。碲化物的沉淀顺序反映了其各自熔化温度的差异,说明熔点高的碲化物将优先沉淀。矿床成矿热液具有多来源性,可能存在含Au、Ag流体和Te流体,二者在一定的条件下发生不混溶;流体沸腾作用可能是导致碲化物和金等成矿物质快速沉淀的主要机制。 相似文献
8.
北山成矿带霍勒扎德盖金矿床碲化物的发现及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
甘肃省霍勒扎德盖大型金矿床位于北山造山带的黑鹰山弧内,含金石英脉主要赋存在早石炭世英云闪长岩内的裂隙或断裂中。流体成矿过程从早到晚划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三个阶段,分别形成(磁铁矿)-黄铁矿-石英脉、石英-多金属硫化物脉和石英-方解石脉。本次研究通过矿相学观察、扫描电镜/能谱及电子探针分析,在该矿床Ⅱ阶段矿石样品中首次发现大量碲化物,该矿物系列主要产出在黄铁矿、石英中或其裂隙内。矿区已发现的碲化物包括碲金矿、斜方碲金矿、针碲金银矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿、碲铅矿、碲汞矿、碲铋矿等;金银矿物仅以碲化物的形成存在。Ⅰ阶段流体的硫逸度(logfS2=-11.1~-9.5)较高、碲逸度(logf Te2≤-12.8)较低,Ⅱ阶段流体显示低硫逸度(logfS2=-13.5~-10.2)、高碲逸度(logfTe2=-11.1~-7.8)特征。碲化物的发现揭示了矿床与深部幔源的紧密联系,但同时不能排除矿区英云闪长岩提供成矿物质的可能。 相似文献
9.
图古日格金矿床是兴蒙造山带内的一个大型石英脉型金矿床，矿床的矿化与矿区内的钙碱性花岗质岩浆活动存在密切的成因联系。与钙碱性岩浆活动有关的富碲金矿床比较少见；具有富碲特征的金矿床，在兴蒙造山带内也鲜有报道。本次研究通过矿相学观察和电子探针分析，在图古日格金矿床矿石中发现了大量碲化物，包括碲金矿、六方碲银矿、碲金银矿和自然碲等，矿床中金的赋存形式主要为碲化物，其次为自然金和银金矿。图古日格金矿床的主成矿阶段(Ⅱ, 石英多金属硫化物阶段)从早到晚可划分为Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2和Ⅱ3三个亚阶段。Ⅱ1阶段的矿物组合为粗粒黄铁矿+六方碲银矿+碲金银矿+自然碲+粒状方铅矿；Ⅱ2阶段的矿物组合为细粒黄铁矿+碲金矿+碲金银矿+碲铅矿；Ⅱ3阶段的矿物组合为自然金+银金矿+脉状方铅矿。碲化物和硫化物共生组合显示，Ⅱ1阶段成矿流体的lgfS2为-13. 5 ~-10. 9，lgfTe2为-10. 5 ~-9. 4；Ⅱ2阶段成矿流体的lgfS2为-16. 7 ~-12. 4，lgfTe2为-11. 2~-9. 4。流体演化过程中发生的沸腾作用及含H2Te气相流体的冷凝作用是诱发该矿床大量金、银碲化物从成矿流体中沉淀并富集的主要机制，也是造成该矿床成矿流体中的碲含量不均匀，并且出现自然碲+硫化物等不平衡矿物组合的原因。 相似文献
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永新金矿床是早白垩世晚期形成的浅成低温热液型金矿床。对其主要金银系列矿物和碲化物研究显示:金银系列矿物中Au质量分数为65.092%~90.713%(平均为83.942%),Ag为5.652%~16.632%(平均为11.285%);以自然金和银金矿为主,成色集中在870.2~941.3(平均为881.1),主要以包体金、粒间金和裂隙金的形式存在,粒径集中在10~20 μm;碲化物主要有辉碲铋矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿和碲铅矿等,以碲银矿数量最多,主要包裹于黄铁矿内部或产于裂隙中,常与自然金和方铅矿连生,粒径多为5~20 μm。综合研究碲化物组合特征、不同标高金矿物的成色、Te/Au值等认为,永新金矿床碲化物形成时成矿流体的lgf(Te2)介于-15.2~-9.4范围,lgf(S2)介于-16.7~-14.0范围,矿床与火山或次火山热液有关,具备中浅成成矿特征,深部尚有较大成矿潜力。 相似文献
11.
Elena D. Andreeva Hiroharu Matsueda Victor M. Okrugin Ryohei Takahashi Shuji Ono 《Resource Geology》2013,63(4):337-349
Mineralogic studies of major ore minerals and fluid inclusion analysis in gangue quartz were carried out for the for the two largest veins, the Aginskoe and Surprise, in the Late Miocene Aginskoe Au–Ag–Te deposit in central Kamchatka, Russia. The veins consist of quartz–adularia–calcite gangue, which are hosted by Late Miocene andesitic and basaltic rocks of the Alnei Formation. The major ore minerals in these veins are native gold, altaite, petzite, hessite, calaverite, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite. Minor and trace minerals are pyrite, galena, and acanthine. Primary gold occurs as free grains, inclusions in sulfides, and constituent in tellurides. Secondary gold is present in form of native mustard gold that usually occur in Fe‐hydroxides and accumulates on the decomposed primary Au‐bearing tellurides such as calaverite, krennerite, and sylvanite. K–Ar dating on vein adularia yielded age of mineralization 7.1–6.9 Ma. Mineralization of the deposit is divided into barren massive quartz (stage I), Au–Ag–Te mineralization occurring in quartz‐adularia‐clays banded ore (Stage II), intensive brecciation (Stage III), post‐ore coarse amethyst (Stage IV), carbonate (Stage V), and supergene stages (Stage VI). In the supergene stage various secondary minerals, including rare bilibinskite, bogdanovite, bessmertnovite metallic alloys, secondary gold, and various oxides, formed under intensely oxidized conditions. Despite heavy oxidation of the ores in the deposit, Te and S fugacities are estimated as Stage II tellurides precipitated at the log f Te2 values ?9 and at log fS2 ?13 based on the chemical compositions of hypogene tellurides and sphalerite. Homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz broadly ranges from 200 to 300°C. Ore texture, fluid inclusions, gangue, and vein mineral assemblages indicate that the Aginskoe deposit is a low‐sulfidation (quartz–adularia–sericite) vein system. 相似文献
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The Sandaowanzi gold-telluride deposit, with a total reserve of ?≥?25 t of Au and an average grade of 15 g/t, is located in the Great Hinggan Range Metallogenic Belt in NE China. This deposit is the first reported case of a dominantly Au (±Ag)-telluride deposit in this area and it reveals highly economic bonanza Au- and Ag-telluride ores. Ore bodies principally occur in quartz veins and stockworks and minor in disseminations hosted by trachyandesites and andesitic breccias. Four paragenetic stages of mineralization are identified, demonstrating an early deposition of sulfides and subsequent precipitation of tellurides, which are mainly composed by petzite, sylvanite and to a lesser extent, hessite, calaverite, altaite, unnamed telluride (Au1.8Ag0.2Te), krennerite, empressite, stützite and coloradoite. Abundant telluride assemblages identified from Sandaowanzi ores are mostly attributed to breakdown of early tellurium-bearing phases (i.e., γ- and χ-phases) during cooling. The deposition of substantial Au-Ag-Te minerals are constructed under physicochemical conditions of T?=?240 to 280 °C, pH?=?4.39 to 5.64, logfO2?=–44.8 to –41.8, logfTe2?=–9.75 to –9.43, logαAu+ (aq)/αAg+ (aq)?=??6.87 to –6.56, and gold is mostly scavenged from a HTe?-dominant ore-forming fluid. The unusually high Te concentrations in the Sandaowanzi epithermal system are likely attributed to alkaline to calc-alkaline magmatic degassing. 相似文献
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The first findings of Au and Ag tellurides (sylvanite and petzite) in sulfide-quartz ore of the Shirokinsky ore and placer
cluster located in the Sette-Daban Horst-Anticlinorium are described. These minerals were found for the first time at the
gold deposits of East Yakutia. The chemical compositions (wt %) of sylvanite (23.65–24.61 Au, 12.7–13.13 Ag, 59.3–59.97 Te,
96.26–97.97 in total) and petzite (23.17–25.24 Au, 42.27–44.40 Ag, 31.26–33.37 Te, 98.19–102.55 in total) are reported. Galena
as a host mineral is associated with native gold, electrum, hessite, and stützite. The finding of Au-Ag and Ag tellurides
provides evidence for the development of Au-telluride mineralization in the Sette-Daban Horst-Anticlinorium. 相似文献
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Chemical composition and mode of occurrences of (Au, Ag)Te2 minerals such as calaverite (AuTe2), sylvanite (AuAgTe4) and krennerite ((Au, Ag)Te2) in epithermal gold telluride ores from Suzaki, Kawazu and Teine are examined. In the ores from Suzaki, (Au, Ag)Te2 minerals occur in microbands of tellurides and fine quartz. The minerals in telluride bands change from krennerite, via calaverite‐native tellurium, to sylvanite, in the order of crystallization. A sample from Kawazu contains sylvanite and native tellurium with stutzite, hessite and tetradymite in the coarser gray quartz part. The Teine sample also contains sylvanite and native tellurium with barite and quartz. The peak patterns of XRD of calaverite, krennerite and sylvanite from Suzaki are almost identical to that of JCPDS 43–1472, JCPDS 8–20 and JCPDS 9–477, respectively. The Te, Au, Cu, and Ag contents of calaverite from Suzaki range from 56.4 to 57.9 wt.%, from 41.6 to 42.6 wt.%, from 0.28 to 0.45 wt.% and from 0.14 to 0.31 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au0.97Ag0.01Cu0.02Te2. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of krennerite from Suzaki range from 59.6 to 61.4 wt.%, from 31.3 to 33.6 wt.%, from 4.91 to 6.13 wt.% and from 0.66 to 0.80 wt.%, respectively, corresponding to the formula Au0.71Ag0.22Cu0.05Te2 with Au and Ag ranging from 0.68 to 0.74 and from 0.20 to 0.25, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Suzaki range from 61.5 to 63.4 wt.%, from 24.1 to 27.4 wt.%, from 10.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.12 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, and Cu contents of sylvanite from Kawazu range from 62.7 to 63.3 wt.%, from 23.5 to 24.1 wt.%, from 12.0 to 12.5 wt.% and from 0.09 to 0.16 wt.%, respectively. The Te, Au, Ag, Cu and Fe contents of sylvanite from Teine range from 61.8 to 63.5 wt.%, from 23.6 to 24.7 wt.%, from 11.9 to 13.3 wt.%, from 0.01 to 1.65 wt.% and from 0.00 to 0.02 wt.%, respectively. The average formulae of sylvanite from Suzaki, Kawazu, and Teine are expressed as Au1.06Ag0.94Cu0.02Te4, Au1.00Ag0.95Cu0.02Te4 and Au1.01Ag0.95Cu0.06Te4, respectively. Judging from the mineral assemblages of these ores and other localities, Au–Te mineralization in the Japanese Islands can be divided into four types: native gold–calaverite at Date and Agawa, krennerite(?native tellurium) at Osore‐zan and Mutsu, sylvanite–native tellurium–hessite at Teine, Kawazu, Kobetsuzawa, and Kato, and polyminerallic assemblages at Suzaki and Kushikino. The pH–Eh diagram of aqueous tellurium species and tellurium minerals at 250°C indicates that (Au, Ag)Te2 minerals in epithermal gold telluride mineralization would have been formed under middle to low Eh and acidic (to intermediate) pH conditions. It is possible that dilute tellurium‐containing fluid would scavenge dilute gold. 相似文献
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The chemistry and mode of occurrences of native tellurium in the epithermal gold ores from Teine, Kobetsuzawa, Mutsu, Kawazu, Suzaki and Iriki in Japan are examined. Mineral assemblages in contact with native tellurium are: quartz‐sylvanite at Teine, quartz‐hessite‐sylvanite‐tellurantimony at Kobetsuzawa, quartz at Mutsu, quartz‐stutzite‐hessite‐sylvanite‐tetradymite at Kawazu, quartz at Suzaki, and quartz‐goldfieldite at Iriki. The peak patterns of XRD for native tellurium from these six ores are nearly identical to that of JCPDS 4–554. Their chemical compositions of Te range from 98.16 to 100.73 wt.%, showing nearly pure tellurium. Other elements detected are: Se of 0–0.85 and Cu of 0–0.74 at Teine, Sb of 0.45–0.47 and Se of 0.19–0.27 at Kawazu, Se of 0.22–1.11 and Sb of 0–0.49 at Suzaki, and Cu of 0.69–0.98, As of 0.22–0.28 and Bi of 0–0.22 wt.% at Iriki. No other elements are detected in the ores of Kobetsuzawa and Mutsu. The ranges of associated minor compositions are consistent with those of the experimental phase. The differences would be related to associate minerals. The mineral assemblages in these ores agree well with the previously proposed experimental phase relations in Au‐Ag‐Te ternary system for 120–280°C. The Suzaki ore has high Te‐Au assemblage: from calaverite‐sylvanite‐krennerite via native tellurium to petzite, with changing mineralization stage, whereas the Kobetsuzawa and the Kawazu ores have high Te‐Ag assemblage of tellurium‐hessite, and native tellurium‐stutzite‐hessite‐sylvanite, respectively. The Teine ore has intermediate assemblage of native tellurium‐sylvanite. The mineral assemblages in the Au‐Ag‐Te system are related to the hydrothermal environment especially to the pH condition, i.e. Au rich assemblages under acidic and Ag rich assemblages under intermediate pH conditions, being supported by alteration mineral species. The other telluriferous epithermal gold deposits not in association with native tellurium such as Agawa, Date, Takeno, Chugu, Chitose, Sado and Kushikino are estimated to have been formed under higher pH conditions as adularia and calcite occur in these deposits. The pH‐Eh diagram for aqueous tellurium species and tellurium minerals at 250°C indicates that the region of native tellurium occurs between those of aqueous telluride and tellurous species at lower pH, being consistent with their mineral assemblages in ores and alteration envelopes. 相似文献
18.
Tseluyko A. S. Maslennikov V. V. Ayupova N. R. Maslennikova S. P. Danyushevsky L. V. 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2019,61(2):133-161
At the well-preserved Yubileynoe VMS deposit (Southern Urals), sulfide breccias and turbidites host abundant tellurides represented by hessite, coloradoite, altaite, volynskite, stützite, petzite, and calaverite, as well as phases of the intermediate tellurobismuthite → rucklidgeite solid solution. Three telluride generations were highlighted: (1) primary hydrothermal tellurides in fragments of chalcopyrite and sphalerite of chalcopyrite-rich black smoker chimneys; (2) authigenic tellurides in pseudomorphic chalcopyrite and chalcopyrite veins after fragments of colloform and granular pyrite; and (3) authigenic tellurides in pyrite nodules. Authigenic tellurides are widespread in pyrite-chalcopyrite turbidites. Primary hydrothermal and authigenic tellurides are less common in sulfide turbidites and gritstones with fragments of sphalerite-pyrite, pyrite-sphalerite paleosmoker chimneys and clasts of colloform and fine-grained seafloor hydrothermal crusts. Siliceous siltstones intercalated with sulfide turbidites contain pyrite nodules, whose peripheral parts contain inclusions of epigenetic tellurides. It is assumed that Te for authigenic tellurides originated from fragments of colloform pyrite and hydrothermal chalcopyrite of pyrite-chalcopyrite chimneys, which dissolved during the postsedimentation processes. The main Te concentrators in clastic ores include pseudomorphic chalcopyrite, which inherits high Te, Bi, Au, Ag, Co, Ni, and As contents from the substituted colloform pyrite, and varieties of granular pyrite containing microinclusions of tellurobismuthite (Bi, Te), petzite (Au, Ag, Te), altaite (Pb, Te), coloradoite, and hessite (Ag, Te).
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