共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
岩层组合劣化型冒顶机制研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对162起锚杆支护煤巷冒顶事故实例分析研究,顶板岩层组合劣化是引起冒顶事故的主要原因,占事故总数的66 %。应用东北大学岩石破裂过程分析系统（RFPA2D）,对不同组合的层状顶板的劣化过程进行了数值模拟研究。通过数值分析可知：岩层组合劣化与顶板岩层组合中软弱夹层位置变化、坚硬岩层厚度及高跨比变化有关;与直接顶板岩层组合中软岩层厚度变化有关。岩层组合劣化破坏的主要是拉破坏、剪切破坏及其共同作用的结果,在剪应力的作用下层状顶板发生整体跨落;在自重应力作用下顶板岩层发生弯曲破坏;剪应力和拉应力共同作用下层状顶板破坏形式为拱形冒落。 相似文献
2.
《岩土力学》2020,(4)
巷道软弱层直接顶板具有挠曲破坏、整体冒落和拱形冒落3种破坏形式,顶板厚度变化是影响其破坏形式的主要原因之一。对此,基于梁理论和块体理论,构建了顶板岩梁-块体力学模型,以揭示软弱层直接顶板破坏形式的变化规律。在此基础上,定义了挠曲破坏安全系数和剪切破坏安全系数,建立了顶板不同破坏形式的顶板临界厚度计算模型,以判定不同顶板厚度对应的顶板破坏形式。通过实例演算显示,随着顶板厚度的增加,顶板破坏形式由挠曲破坏逐渐变为整体冒落再变为拱形冒落。同时,当顶板厚度超过一定值时,冒落拱高度不再显著增加。基于相同的工程条件和力学参数,通过实例演算和数值模拟对比分析,计算得到演算工况下从挠曲破坏到整体冒落的顶板临界厚度均为0.14 m,从整体冒落到拱形冒落的顶板临界厚度为0.8m,结果具有一致性。表明应用顶板临界厚度计算模型能够有效地判定顶板破坏形式。该研究成果可为矿山巷道在软弱层直接顶板管控及支护方案设计提供理论参考。 相似文献
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根据大断面厚顶煤巷道顶板的破坏特性,考虑了顶板围岩应力水平与支护荷载的影响,利用Hoek-Brown强度准则及其相关联的流动法则,构造出厚顶煤巷道顶板的冒落破坏机构。基于塑性力学中的上限分析方法,结合变分原理,推导得到了大跨度厚顶煤巷道顶板的冒落破坏机制,并以赵楼煤矿某巷道现场实践为例,分析了不同计算参数对顶板冒落破坏机制的影响。计算研究表明：随着岩体经验参数A、抗拉强度、抗压强度及支护荷载的增加,冒落体尺寸随之增大,而当岩体经验参数B、围岩应力及岩体重度增加时,冒落体尺寸则随之减小;冒落体尺寸代表了巷道顶板安全性能的大小,其尺寸越大,表明使巷道顶板发生冒落破坏所需外力功越多,顶板安全性能也越高;岩体经验参数B、围岩应力水平与支护荷载对顶板围岩破裂机制影响较为显著,参数B决定了冒落体的破裂形状,随着参数B的增加,冒落破裂迹线的曲率不断减小;增大支护阻力是提高顶板稳定性的有效途径,其研究结果可为大断面厚顶煤巷道支护设计提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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煤层巷道复合顶板结构较为复杂,其自身稳定性与岩性、岩层厚度、层数、岩层位置及层间黏结力等因素有关。基于简化的复合顶板组合梁结构力学理论,建立了简化的组合梁力学测试模型,通过不同试验分析复合顶板结构特征对其稳定性的影响,其目的是为复合顶板稳定性分类及控制提供科学依据。研究结果表明:煤巷复合顶板厚度不变时,其自身稳定性随岩层强度提高、硬岩层厚度增加、硬厚岩层到煤层距离的减小及层间黏结力的增大而提高,随分层数的增多而降低,当层数达到4层及以上时,顶板稳定性受其层数变化的影响变小。各因素的影响程度由大到小依次:岩性 > 岩层厚度 > 层数 > 岩层位置 > 层间黏结力;强度低、厚度小的软弱薄夹层较其他岩层更易产生应力集中,且破坏早于其他岩层。 相似文献
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为了得到控制复合顶板变形失稳的主要因素,对顶板岩性特征、巷道断面尺寸、原岩应力、分层厚度、软弱夹层位置和软弱夹层厚度6个控制因素的作用效果进行研究和分析。充分考虑复合顶板变形失稳各控制因素之间的交互作用,利用FLAC3D进行25组正交试验,通过对试验结果的主成分分析和基于复共线性诊断的多元线性回归分析,最终根据修正后的主成分综合评价函数得出了复合顶板变形失稳的3个主要控制因素:地应力、矩形巷道断面尺寸和复合顶板各分层的厚度。 相似文献
7.
煤巷顶板软弱夹层层位对锚杆支护结构稳定性影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
中国煤矿开采条件复杂,煤层顶板多为分层性强的复合顶板,含有软弱夹层时采用锚杆支护技术难度大、安全可靠性低。根据煤巷顶板软弱夹层和锚固区的相对位置,采用物理模拟方法研究了三种软弱夹层层位条件下顶板的采动失稳特征和破坏型式,提出了包括锚杆支护承载性能强化、巷道破裂围岩体强度强化和围岩承载结构强化的巷道围岩强化控制原理;在应用安全因子AQ对顶板安全可靠性进行分级评估基础上,给出对应于不同顶板软弱夹层层位的煤巷分级强化控制对策。研究成果已在安徽两淮矿区煤巷工程实践中成功推广应用35×104 m。 相似文献
8.
煤矿井巷软弱夹层的变形机理初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对准北诸多煤矿巷道中的软弱夹层的现场观察和室内试验,认为煤矿井巷中软弱夹层的工程特性表现为厚度小,分带性明显,强度低,而夹层矿物成分的不同对巷道工程的危害性差别不大。软弱夹层的变形破坏与其本身的工程特性、地下水的参与、地应力状态的改变密切相关。软弱夹层对巷道锚喷支护十分不利。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(8)
针对目前深部大断面回采巷道控制难题和相应的高强锚索控制技术,考虑顶板围岩应力与支护荷载影响,利用Hoek-Brown强度准则及塑性力学中的极限分析上限法,得到了大断面巷道顶板的冒落破坏机制,提出了顶板锚索长度及匹配预紧力的设计方法。基于建立的锚索设计参数影响因素敏感性指标对巷道宽度、岩体重度、围岩应力、岩体抗压强度、抗拉强度、锚索布设间距、顶角锚索布设倾角等因素的影响进行了分析。结合现场实际情况,提出了深部大断面回采巷道围岩控制的工程建议。将此设计方法应用到千米深井赵楼煤矿1305孤岛工作面的运输顺槽顶板锚索参数确定中,有效地控制了围岩变形。研究表明:在高应力大断面回采巷道中,顶板锚索需锚固在稳定岩层中,并施加足够的预紧力,才可有效控制顶板围岩冒落或破坏;顶板锚索所需预紧力随岩体抗拉强度、抗压强度及岩体经验参数A的增大而减小,随巷道宽度、岩体重度、围岩应力、锚索布设间距、顶角锚索布设角度以及岩体经验参数B的增大而增大,其敏感性最高的影响因素为围岩应力。因此,在深部高地应力巷道设计中,需特别重视地应力的影响,采用高强、高延伸率锚索,增设锚索定量让压装置,高阻让压有效释放围岩应力,并通过施加高预紧力或注浆加固等方式来提高围岩完整性,获得较好的围岩控制效果。 相似文献
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Sensitivity analysis of support safety factor for predicting the effects of contributing parameters on roof falls in underground coal mines 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Roof falls accounted for 18.18% of all fatal accidents in Indian coal mines, contributing about 35.29% of all fatal accidents in below-ground operations in 2005. The support safety factor, always preferred in support planning and design of underground coal mines, may be an important predictor for roof falls. In this paper, geotechnical data were collected from 14 roof fall incident places in an underground coal mine, located in the Eastern India, which has bord and pillar method of workings. The mean value of probabilistic support safety factor for the case study mine was found to be 1.24. However, the probability, of the estimated support safety factor of less than or equal to one, was found to be 0.246. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of the contributing parameters on support safety factor and the likelihood of the roof fall. The multi-variate regression analysis was carried out for the data generated by Monte Carlo method to correlate the contributing factors to support safety factor. It ranked gallery width as the first parameter to control the support safety factor. 相似文献
12.
Guibin Zhang Wenquan Zhang Changhao Wang Guangli Zhu Bo Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(5):1553-1563
In underground coal mines, the failure of overlying strata can have disastrous effects where the working face is overlain by thin bedrock covered with thick alluvium. Roof failure under these conditions can cause a massive water and sand inrush. This paper presents a case study for a design to prevent such disasters in the Baodian mine, China. First, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the overlying lithified strata and the alluvium were obtained from field and laboratory studies. Numerical models were then built with different bedrock thicknesses using distinct-element modelling software. The deformation, failure, and subsidence of the overlying strata during simulated coal mining were studied using these computer models. Finally, the results of the model studies were combined with the geological data to design a reasonable layout for the longwall panel to be mined in the Baodian mine. Initial results showed that the alluvium was somewhat impervious and water-poor. The models showed that the first caving and weighting intervals of the roof decreased with decreasing bedrock thickness, and decreasing bedrock thickness also increased maximum subsidence of the alluvium. The maximum height of the caving zone and the minimum height of the sand-prevention coal and rock pillars were 34 m and 46 m, respectively. Knowing this allowed a somewhat shorter (204 m) but safe working face to be designed. This research provides a good background for the design of safe mines under similar conditions. 相似文献
13.
晋城矿区15#煤直接顶K2石灰岩厚8～12 m,结构致密坚硬,为坚硬难垮落顶板。针对厚层石灰岩顶板可能面临的大面积断裂和垮落,从而导致冲击地压等问题,通过岩石力学性质试验获得相关岩层力学参数,并运用关键层理论、数值模拟和相似材料模型试验,研究了厚层脆韧性石灰岩顶板的变形与垮落特性,得到了顶板初次来压步距20～25 m和周期来压步距10～15 m及垮落规律,并提出了顶板控制的技术途径,即初期中深孔爆破结合顶板关键层缓慢下沉综合控制技术。实践表明,厚层石灰岩顶板的垮落形态和垮落步距与理论和试验研究结果基本一致。该项成果为晋城矿区厚层脆韧性石灰岩顶板控制提供了有效途径。 相似文献
14.
作为一种典型的地质结构,软弱夹层与硬脆性岩体共同形成了围岩层状复合结构,进而显著影响着隧洞围岩的稳定。以往对含软弱夹层的复合岩石的研究多集中于单轴、双轴或常规三轴,对隧洞临空面处真三轴应力路径下的复合围岩力学性质和破坏特征缺乏分析讨论。通过制作的含不同厚度的软弱夹层复合岩样,探讨了软弱夹层厚度对隧洞临空面围岩力学响应和破坏特征的影响。研究表明：软弱夹层厚度显著影响着复合岩样峰值应力和应变,随着厚度的增大,软弱夹层上方岩块向临空面方向的滑移变形逐渐增大,软弱夹层压缩变形逐渐减小;复合岩样靠近临空面的岩石单元破坏模式随着软弱夹层厚度的增大逐渐由拉剪混合破坏转变为张拉破坏,且宏观裂隙数量和破坏范围均逐渐减小,而远离临空面的岩石单元则由剪切破坏逐渐转变为基本无损伤断裂;不同厚度的隧洞侧帮复合围岩的破坏区域均集中在软弱夹层及其上方围岩处,软弱夹层下方围岩则基本保持稳定;在应力分布方面,软弱夹层厚度越大,最大压应力越向深部软弱夹层处转移,而拉应力区分布范围越小,但拉应力区深度越大。 相似文献
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针对断层区煤巷顶板破断问题,分别建立了正断层和逆断层构造区的顶板弹性深梁力学模型,研究了顶板应力分布规律,并以Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则为判据,分析了不同顶板压力、支护强度、跨高比等因素下的顶板破断机制。理论分析表明,顶板深梁最大有效剪应力随跨高比增大而增大;其随跨高比不同而呈现出3种不同破断模式;穿越断层的巷道在断层区域应尽早使用强力支护系统,提高支护强度;穿越正断层的巷道在断层面附近应当提高护表效果。根据理论分析结论提出,在煤巷断层区使用让压型锚索箱梁支护系统,可对顶板围岩进行及时强力支护,实现“先控后让再抗”,既能有效发挥支护系统作用,又能充分发挥围岩自承能力。上述支护对策应用于巨野矿区断层区煤巷支护方案设计中,有效防止了顶板事故的发生,验证了理论分析的正确性。 相似文献
16.
V. Palchik 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2000,18(1):39-51
Composite statistical analysis of the lithological composition of the rock mass above underground workings in coal seams and experimental work (laboratory mechanical tests and boring for the determination of hollows) in Donetsk city (Ukraine) have been used to develop a method for predicting the presence of hollows. The empirical criteria K1–K2>0 and K32.5 which relate to the physical characteristics of the overlying strata were found to predict the existence of such hollows in abandoned underground workings at shallow depth. The values of K1–K2 and K3 depend on the thicknesses of the different rock layers and the uniaxial compressive strength of the immediate roof over underground openings. The different layers e.g. sandstones, argillites, aleurolites and alluvium in the rock mass are shown to influence the existence of hollows in abandoned workings. Large thicknesses of sandstones in the rock mass or relatively high uniaxial compressive strength rock in the immediate roof contribute to the existence of hollows in abandoned workings. On the other hand, sandstones of small thickness, weak alluvium, argillites and aleurolites only give additional weight on immediate roof of the opening and allow collapse of the rock mass. The method of prediction for hollows was developed from the back-analysis of data from 41 boreholes which were drilled from the ground surface above underground openings. 相似文献
17.
沁水盆地南部15号煤层顶板灰岩特征对煤层气开采的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
煤层顶板的含水性对煤层气的开采有重要影响。沁水盆地南部上石炭统太原组15号煤层直接或间接顶板多为灰岩,其中以K2灰岩为主,连续分布。顶板泥岩较少,呈零散分布。灰岩的富水性对煤层气的排水降压有影响。因此,主要从灰岩的厚度展布、裂隙发育、与煤层的接触关系以及区域水文地质条件讨论其含水性对煤层气产能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)灰岩的含水性一般较弱,但当遇到断层或岩溶陷落柱较发育的部位,可能与其他含水层沟通,富水性较强。(2)15号煤层顶板灰岩的厚度与煤层气井的产水量并无直接关系,其裂隙较发育,但大多被方解石充填,导水和储水性能较差。(3)灰岩与15号煤层的接触关系有两种:一种是直接接触型,灰岩直接覆于15号煤层之上;另一种是间接接触型,灰岩与15号煤之间夹有泥岩、砂岩或14号煤层。直接接触型煤层气井的产水量、产气量比间接接触型高。间接接触型15号煤层直接顶板的岩性、厚度对产气、产水都没有太大影响。 相似文献
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Roof separation is one of the major indications for coal mine roadway roof accidents. Therefore, it is important that efforts be made to detect roadway roof separation. Currently, the instrument used for detecting roadway roof separation is the roof-off-the-strata indicator, but its installation and use is complicated and the need is greater than can be managed. This thesis takes ground penetrating radar (GPR) as a means for roof separation detection and analyzes its feasibility for use in detecting roof separation both theoretically and experimentally. First, numerical simulation experiments on roof separation detection are carried out using GprMax2D software. The results show that it is feasible to detect roof separation by using GPR electromagnetic waves. Next, physical simulation experiment on roof separation detection is carried out using MALA GPR (RAMAC/GPR). Lastly, the traditional image segmentation algorithm of 2D maximum between a cluster variance is improved to interpret the GPR signal. Good results were achieved using the improved algorithm to interpret detection signals of roof separation by GPR in a physical simulation experiment. 相似文献
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针对冲切破坏模式下溶洞顶板极限承载力问题,进行了不同顶板厚度以及不同荷载偏心距下溶洞顶板极限承载力室内试验研究,依据试验结果将偏心荷载作用下的溶洞冲切破坏假定为轴对称问题,引入Griffith强度准则,基于极限分析上限法,提出了一种适用于轴对称和偏心荷载作用下溶洞顶底板极限承载力的计算方法,并给出了能发生冲切破坏范围的估算方法。试验结果表明：在同一偏心距下,随着顶板厚度的增加,在达到基岩极限承载力之前,顶板极限承载力呈线性增长;当顶板厚度一定时,顶板极限承载力随着偏心距的增加呈非线性增长,偏心距e在能发生冲切破坏的范围之外时趋于平缓,并逐渐达到基岩极限承载力;理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。 相似文献