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1.
Victorov A. S. Orlov T. V. Trapeznikova O. N. Kapralova V. N. Arkhipova M. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,491(2):282-284
Doklady Earth Sciences - The regularities of the distribution of lake sizes on thermokarst plains with fluvial erosion are studied in order to evaluate the risk of dangerous natural processes.... 相似文献
2.
Victorov A. S. Orlov T. V. Trapeznikova O. N. Kapralova V. N. Arkhipova M. V. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2021,500(2):866-869
Doklady Earth Sciences - The purpose of this study was to identify relationships between the quantitative parameters of lake areas and khasyrei areas on erosion thermokarst plains. According to the... 相似文献
3.
Basin evolution and palaeoenvironmental variability of the thermokarst lake El'gene‐Kyuele,Arctic Siberia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Philipp Schleusner Boris K. Biskaborn Frank Kienast Juliane Wolter Dmitry Subetto Bernhard Diekmann 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2015,44(1):216-229
Thermokarst lakes are a widespread feature of the Arctic tundra, in which highly dynamic processes are closely connected with current and past climate changes. We investigated late Quaternary sediment dynamics, basin and shoreline evolution, and environmental interrelations of Lake El'gene‐Kyuele in the NE Siberian Arctic (latitude 71°17′N, longitude 125°34′E). The water‐body displays thaw‐lake characteristics cutting into both Pleistocene Ice Complex and Holocene alas sediments. Our methods are based on grain size distribution, mineralogical composition, TOC/N ratio, stable carbon isotopes and the analysis of plant macrofossils from a 3.5‐m sediment profile at the modern eastern lake shore. Our results show two main sources for sediments in the lake basin: terrigenous diamicton supplied from thermokarst slopes and the lake shore, and lacustrine detritus that has mainly settled in the deep lake basin. The lake and its adjacent thermokarst basin rapidly expanded during the early Holocene. This climatically warmer than today period was characterized by forest or forest tundra vegetation composed of larches, birch trees and shrubs. Woodlands of both the HTM and the Late Pleistocene were affected by fire, which potentially triggered the initiation of thermokarst processes resulting later in lake formation and expansion. The maximum lake depth at the study site and the lowest limnic bioproductivity occurred during the longest time interval of ～7 ka starting in the Holocene Thermal Maximum and lasting throughout the progressively cooler Neoglacial, whereas partial drainage and an extensive shift of the lake shoreline occurred ～0.9 cal. ka BP. Correspondingly, this study discusses different climatic and environmental drivers for the dynamics of a thermokarst basin. 相似文献
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大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲与湖盆中心砂体的形成与分布 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
大型敞流坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体已成为中国陆相盆地岩性油气藏最重要的勘探目标。通过对现代典型湖盆浅水三角洲的深入分析,结合我国中、新生代大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲及湖盆中心砂体的地质研究,取得以下主要进展与认识：①在分析浅水三角洲形成地质背景的基础上,按照供源体系、湖水深度及三角洲前缘倾斜坡度将湖盆三角洲分为9种成因结构类型;②建立了毯式浅水曲流河三角洲的沉积模式,指出末端分流河道及末端决口扇是浅水曲流河三角洲的典型微相类型;③分析了浅水三角洲砂体大面积分布的形成条件,指出敞流湖盆是湖盆中心浅水三角洲砂体发育的重要条件,敞流通道对湖盆中心砂体分布有重要控制作用;④湖盆中心发育河流、三角洲、湖流及密度底流砂体等牵引流成因砂体,也发育洪水浊积扇及滑塌浊积扇等重力流成因砂体;⑤大型浅水三角洲体系三级层序界面对岩性（成岩）圈闭的发育有重要控制作用,三角洲平原带层序界面上覆叠置砂体富集岩性油气藏,勘探潜力大。本文研究成果希对坳陷湖盆沉积学研究及岩性油气藏勘探能有推动作用。 相似文献
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热融湖是多年冻土区地下冰融化形成的典型地貌单元,热融湖及其变化对多年冻土热状态、水文过程、生态环境、冻土工程稳定性等有着重要的影响. 热融湖还是重要的温室气体源,与全球气候系统存在着复杂而显著的互馈过程,是气候与环境变化的指示器. 因此,开展热融湖的相关研究是近年来冻土学研究的热点之一. 通过文献综述,从以下方面评述了热融湖研究的现状与进展：1) 热融湖形态特征及其演化过程;2) 热融湖热状况及其热效应研究;3) 热融湖和多年冻土区土壤-植被生态系统的相互作用研究;4) 热融湖对大气中温室气体的贡献. 最后,讨论了该领域目前面临的主要问题,提出了应在热融湖演化的基础理论、动态变化过程的预测、热融湖的冻土水文效应、区域尺度热融湖与冻土、生态、水文和气候耦合过程的综合等方面进一步开展研究,为定量预测和评价冻土区热融湖环境工程效应,应发展不同尺度的计算模型. 相似文献
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为查明青藏工程走廊热融湖塘水理化特性及其理化特性与湖塘分布之间的关系,选取青藏工程走廊楚玛尔河至风火山段为研究区域,沿青藏公路从北向南依次选取19个热融湖塘进行水深、面积等几何特征调研并取水样,进行阴阳离子等理化参数测定。分析了热融湖塘水的理化特性,并结合调研资料探讨了热融湖塘理化特性与区域环境及湖塘分布之间的相关性。结果表明在3个研究亚区湖的水理化特性有较大差别,楚玛尔河高平原从北向南湖水矿化度逐渐升高,水质由淡水向咸水再到强咸水过渡,主要与该区域"碟"状湖的分布特征和寒旱多风及蒸发量大有关;可可西里山区和北麓河盆地的湖水矿化度较低,水质以弱咸水或淡水为主。这两个亚区湖较深,地形以丘陵盆地为主,降低了湖面的蒸发量。 相似文献
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ZOLTÁN SYLVESTER 《Sedimentology》2007,54(4):847-870
Turbidite bed thickness distributions are often interpreted in terms of power laws, even when there are significant departures from a single straight line on a log–log exceedence probability plot. Alternatively, these distributions have been described by a lognormal mixture model. Statistical methods used to analyse and distinguish the two models (power law and lognormal mixture) are presented here. In addition, the shortcomings of some frequently applied techniques are discussed, using a new data set from the Tarcău Sandstone of the East Carpathians, Romania, and published data from the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation of Italy. Log–log exceedence plots and least squares fitting by themselves are inappropriate tools for the analysis of bed thickness distributions; they must be accompanied by the assessment of other types of diagrams (cumulative probability, histogram of log‐transformed values, q–q plots) and the use of a measure of goodness‐of‐fit other than R2, such as the chi‐square or the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics. When interpreting data that do not follow a single straight line on a log–log exceedence plot, it is important to take into account that ‘segmented’ power laws are not simple mixtures of power law populations with arbitrary parameters. Although a simple model of flow confinement does result in segmented plots at the centre of a basin, the segmented shape of the exceedence curve breaks down as the sampling location moves away from the basin centre. The lognormal mixture model is a sedimentologically intuitive alternative to the power law distribution. The expectation–maximization algorithm can be used to estimate the parameters and thus to model lognormal bed thickness mixtures. Taking into account these observations, the bed thickness data from the Tarcău Sandstone are best described by a lognormal mixture model with two components. Compared with the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation, in which bed thicknesses of thin beds have a larger variability than thicknesses of the thicker beds, the thinner‐bedded population of the Tarcău Sandstone has a lower variability than the thicker‐bedded population. Such differences might reflect contrasting depositional settings, such as the difference between channel levées and basin plains. 相似文献
8.
Evidence of multiple thermokarst lake generations from an 11 800‐year‐old permafrost core on the northern Seward Peninsula,Alaska 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Josefine Lenz Sebastian Wetterich Benjamin M. Jones Hanno Meyer Anatoly Bobrov Guido Grosse 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(4):584-603
Permafrost degradation influences the morphology, biogeochemical cycling and hydrology of Arctic landscapes over a range of time scales. To reconstruct temporal patterns of early to late Holocene permafrost and thermokarst dynamics, site‐specific palaeo‐records are needed. Here we present a multi‐proxy study of a 350‐cm‐long permafrost core from a drained lake basin on the northern Seward Peninsula, Alaska, revealing Lateglacial to Holocene thermokarst lake dynamics in a central location of Beringia. Use of radiocarbon dating, micropalaeontology (ostracods and testaceans), sedimentology (grain‐size analyses, magnetic susceptibility, tephra analyses), geochemistry (total nitrogen and carbon, total organic carbon, δ13Corg) and stable water isotopes (δ18O, δD, d excess) of ground ice allowed the reconstruction of several distinct thermokarst lake phases. These include a pre‐lacustrine environment at the base of the core characterized by the Devil Mountain Maar tephra (22 800±280 cal. a BP, Unit A), which has vertically subsided in places due to subsequent development of a deep thermokarst lake that initiated around 11 800 cal. a BP (Unit B). At about 9000 cal. a BP this lake transitioned from a stable depositional environment to a very dynamic lake system (Unit C) characterized by fluctuating lake levels, potentially intermediate wetland development, and expansion and erosion of shore deposits. Complete drainage of this lake occurred at 1060 cal. a BP, including post‐drainage sediment freezing from the top down to 154 cm and gradual accumulation of terrestrial peat (Unit D), as well as uniform upward talik refreezing. This core‐based reconstruction of multiple thermokarst lake generations since 11 800 cal. a BP improves our understanding of the temporal scales of thermokarst lake development from initiation to drainage, demonstrates complex landscape evolution in the ice‐rich permafrost regions of Central Beringia during the Lateglacial and Holocene, and enhances our understanding of biogeochemical cycles in thermokarst‐affected regions of the Arctic. 相似文献
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青藏公路沿线热喀斯特湖分布特征及其热效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
热喀斯特湖的出现和发育是多年冻土变暖的指示器,研究热喀斯特湖发育及其热效应是应对青藏高原气候变化和人类活动诱发冻土灾害的基础工作.基于SPOT-5卫星影像资料,在ArcGIS平台下解译遥感影像,获取了青藏公路沿线楚玛尔河至风火山段热喀斯特湖的数量和分布特征,这些热喀斯特湖以楚玛尔河高平原和北麓河盆地为主要分布区,且80％发育于高含冰量多年冻土区.热喀斯特湖通过竖向和侧向2种传热方式影响多年冻土,竖向传热会造成其下部多年冻土融穿,侧向传热会造成湖岸多年冻土增温,扩大热影响范围.通过北麓河地区一典型热喀斯特湖的数值计算,湖全年都在向湖岸放热.当热喀斯特湖离路基较近,将会对公路产生潜在或者直接的危害,其侧向热侵蚀往往会导致冻土路基温度升高,诱发路基病害. 相似文献
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Thermokarst lake is the most visible morphologic landscape developing during the process of permafrost degradation, and it is still an international hot topic in permafrost research. The climate warming, and the consequent degradation of the permafrost on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau aggravate thermokarst lake development. The permafrost is normally considered as an aquiclude, and the permafrost degradation, especially when the permafrost is completely thawed by a thermokarst lake, might influence regional ground water. Therefore, a research program focusing on environmental and hydrological effects of thermokarst lakes in permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was started and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The work proposed by the application includes: To analysis the spatial and temporal distribution rule of thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) under the climate change and engineering activities, and to evaluate the ecological environment effects through remote sensing and field investigation; to reveal the main factors influencing a typical thermokarst lake and its hydrothermal condition, and to elucidate the conversion relationship between the thermokarst lake and the groundwater with hydrological and isotope tracer tests; to make an analysis of the influences of different lake stage and size on regional permafrost, hydrological conditions and ecological environment through numerical simulation and statistical modelling, considering the relationships between the thermokarst lake and the ground water level. The research results will help to accurately assess regional permafrost ecological environment evolution and trend prediction, and to reasonably understand the impact factors of the permafrost hydrological evolution and its response mechanism to the ecological environment in the river source regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this paper, the research status analysis, the main research contents, research objectives and prospects were introduced so as to provide some references for related researchers and engineers. 相似文献
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Sediments of a thermokarst system on the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau were studied to infer changes in the lacustrine depositional environment related to climatic changes since the early Holocene. The thermokarst pond with a length of 360 m is situated in a 14.5 × 6 km tectonically unaffected intermontane basin, which is underlain by discontinuous permafrost.A lake sediment core and bankside lacustrine onshore deposits were analysed. Additionally, fossil lake sediments were investigated, which document a former lake-level high stand. The sediments are mainly composed of marls with variable amounts of silt carbonate micrite, and organic matter.On the basis of sedimentological (grain size data), geochemical (XRF), mineralogical (XRD) and micropaleontological data (ostracods and chironomide assemblages) a reconstruction of a paleolake environment was achieved.Lacustrine sediments with endogenic carbonate precipitation suggest a lacustrine environment since at least 19.0 cal ka BP. However, because of relocation and reworking processes in the lake, the sediments did not provide distinct information about the ultimate formation of the lake. The high amount of endogenic carbonate suggests prolonged still-water conditions at about 9.3 cal ka BP. Ostracod shells and chironomid head capsules in fossil lake sediments indicate at least one former lake-level high stand, which were developed between the early and middle Holocene. From the late Holocene the area was possibly characterized by a lake-level decline, documented by a hiatus between lacustrine sediments and a reworked loess or loess-like horizon. After the lake-level decline and the following warming period, the area was affected by thermally-induced subsidence and a re-flooding of the basin because of thawing permafrost. 相似文献
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Thermokarst lake is a significant indicator of permafrost degradation. However, the evaluation of thermokarst lake development is very difficult through physical mechanism analysis because the development is influenced by many factors. In the present study, the factors influencing thermokarst lake development were investigated from the perspective of frozen soil and the geographical environment. The influences of six factors on thermokarst lake development in Beiluhe basin, located in the hinterland of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, were analyzed: permafrost type, ground temperature, vegetation type, soil type, hydrogeological type, and slope. Sensitivity coefficients were calculated for these factors using statistical methods. The results show that thermokarst lake development was influenced by the analyzed factors as follows: permafrost > soil type > ground temperature > hydrogeological type. Furthermore, 80.1% of the study area was highly sensitive to thermokarst lake development. Overall, thermokarst lake development in the Beiluhe basin was thoroughly evaluated based on sensitivity factors and an established statistical evaluation method. The method detailed in this paper provides a reference for evaluating the likelihood and severity of thermokarst lake development. 相似文献
13.
青藏高原热融湖横向扩张速率对湖下融区发展影响的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
热融湖是高纬度和高海拔富冰多年冻土区重要的自然景观。这些湖由于富冰多年冻土或地下冰的融化而形成,由于湖水向周边多年冻土传递热量而持续扩张。以青藏高原北麓河地区一个热融湖的信息和冻土监测资料为基础,运用柱坐标系下伴有相变的热传导模型模拟了以不同的横向扩张速率演化的热融湖湖下融区的发展过程。结果表明：在青藏高原多年冻土厚度为75 m的北麓河盆地,分别以横向扩张速率0.10 m·a-1、0.15 m·a-1、0.20 m·a-1和0.25 m·a-1演化的热融湖,在湖形成分别达760 a、703 a、671 a和652 a时,湖下形成贯通融区,相应的多年冻土从上向下融化的平均速率分别为8.22 cm·a-1,8.89 cm·a-1,9.31 cm·a-1和9.74 cm·a-1。热融湖的横向扩张速率对湖下的融区发展和土壤热状况有重要的影响,在现场调查资料的基础上选取正确的热融湖横向扩张速率是热融湖对多年冻土热状况作用数值模拟研究的必要前提。 相似文献
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The lacustrine Peterson Limestone of western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho comprises six lithofacies throughout its 20,000 km2 aerial extent. These are: (1) calcareous sandstone and shale, (2) red nodular limestone, (3) pink sandy micrite, (4) biomicrite, (5) graded silty micrite, and (6) limestone conglomerate. The first two represent floodplain deposition and paleosols, whereas the remaining are shallow nearshore and deeper lacustrine sediments.This sequence was developed in a large fresh, hardwater lake surrounded by fluvial systems and associated flood plains in a warm temperate climate. Well-oxidized sandy terrigenous rocks, together with calcareous paleosol nodules, indicate that flood-plain deposition both preceded and was concurrent with lacustrine carbonate deposition. Micrite and biomicrite formed in deeper parts of the basin while sandy and silty carbonate accumulated in shallower lake-margin areas. Less-calcareous shale units which are interbedded with deeper-water carbonate were deposited either during rapid basin subsidence and deepening of the lake center or during periods of slower carbonate precipitation. Turbidity currents and subaqueous debris flows generated along steeper lake margins, resulted in the deposition of rhythmic layers of graded silty micrite and diamictic limestone conglomerate in the deepest part of the basin. The carbonate-rich sediments comprising these two lithofacies were originally deposited on shallow lake-margin benches and subsequently were transported downslope toward the lake center.Comparison with other carbonate-precipitating lacustrine systems indicates that this lake was not like modern playas. Although no known modern lacustrine system is precisely like Lake Peterson, the flora, fauna, composition, and distribution of facies within modern temperate-region lakes most closely resemble those of the Peterson Limestone. 相似文献
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为深入理解热喀斯特湖与多年冻土间的相互作用, 本文以青藏高原北麓河盆地典型热喀斯特湖区域为例, 构建考虑热传导和热对流过程的水-冰-热耦合模型, 对热喀斯特湖作用下的多年冻土退化特征及热喀斯特湖的水均衡进行模拟,计算地质环境和气候变暖对热喀斯特湖水均衡和冻土的影响。研究结果表明: 热喀斯特湖周围冻土逐步退化并形成贯穿融区, 导致地下水循环模式发生改变;在地表温度作用下, 形成的活动层厚度为3.35 m;热喀斯特湖在整个模拟时段内表现为负均衡, 其排泄量在285~388 a间显著增加;地层渗透性能决定了热喀斯特湖和生态环境的发展方向;气候变暖加速多年冻土向季节冻土转变。研究结果可为进一步认识寒旱区生态水文过程提供科学依据。 相似文献
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全面认识热喀斯特湖水文过程的季节变化特征是准确评估其生态环境效应的关键。以青藏高原典型热喀斯特湖为例, 基于2018—2020年水文气象要素的野外观测及计算, 分析热喀斯特湖的水文特征及产生的环境效应。研究结果表明: ①春季降水补给热喀斯特湖, 迅速升高湖塘水位, 其中湖塘的储水量与湖塘水位之间存在较好的幂函数关系; ②湖面年均蒸发量和湖冰年均升华量分别可达738 mm和198 mm, 受温度升高的影响, 未来有增多的可能; ③热喀斯特湖水中离子质量浓度在暖季初期和后期较高, 冷季湖冰形成过程中自净作用和地球化学过程的影响使各离子表现出不同的迁移机制。受局地因素的影响, 热喀斯特湖的水文要素呈明显的季节变化特征, 水文循环过程会引起多年冻土退化、湖岸坍塌后退、水环境恶化、温室气体释放、土壤盐渍化、植被退化等, 未来研究需对整个高原地区热喀斯特湖的环境效应进行全面评估。 相似文献
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Thermokarst lakes are a major heat source for the adjacent permafrost and a significant source of atmospheric methane. These lakes have important impacts on the physical, chemical, biological, geomorphological and hydrological processes occurring in the ground under and around thermokarst lakes, and seriously affect the local environment and the stability of the structures constructed in permafrost regions. Numerical simulation methods provide an effective method for quantitative analysis of the long-term impact of thermokarst lakes and their evolution on permafrost surrounding the lakes, and have deepened our knowledge about the impact of thermokarst lakes immensely. Summarizing the research progresses in numerical simulation of long-term impact of thermokarst lakes on thermal regime of surrounding permafrost has an important guiding function to improve mathematical models and develop more effective models. In this study, the components, functions, advantages and defects of several typical mathematical models having developed over the past ten years or so were reviewed, such as the heat conduction model with phase change, thaw slumping model, the coupled lake-permafrost model, thaw lake expansion model combining thermal processes with mass wasting and thaw-driven subsidence, the coupled heat conduction and moisture migration model, and the moving mesh method based thermokarst lake dynamic evolution model. Several issues deserving to be paid further attention in the future researches were proposed, including creating more effective models, determining the more realistic initial condition, lucubrating thermal and physical parameters of the typical soils, consider the impact of lake water replenishment, quantitative analysis of the thermal effect of supra-permafrost water flow around the thermokarst lakes, creating the coupled governing equation of heat conduction with phase change and convective heat transfer, embed ding the effect of climate warming in the model, numerical investigation of the long-term influence of thermokarst lake drainage on the environment change in permafrost regions, analyzing the long-term joint impact of multiple lakes on adjacent permafrost, simulating the near-shore talik development process and feature beneath shallow water in expanding thermokarst lakes, and continuing to do the systemic and comprehensive field measurements. 相似文献
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我国海域区煤型油气资源量丰富,然而海域煤型烃源岩的研究程度却相对较低,严重制约了海域区煤型油气资源勘探。选取与海域区煤盆地成煤时代基本一致、地质条件相似、研究程度高的近海断陷含煤盆地——黄县盆地为例,开展沉积控煤作用与成煤模式研究。在充分吸取前人研究成果的基础上,精细重建了成煤期的古地理格局、演化及其沉积控煤作用。结果表明：(1)黄县盆地古近纪煤系主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲和湖泊沉积,可以识别出2个三级层序。煤层主要发育在湖扩张体系域时期的辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖环境。(2)综合恢复了涵盖古近系整个成煤过程的层序I湖扩张体系域和高水位体系域、层序II低水位体系域和湖扩张体系域的层序-古地理格局,并分析其沉积演化特征与沉积控煤作用;煤层主要发育在低水位体系域晚期-湖扩张体系域早期,湖平面缓慢上升的辫状河三角洲前部湖沼环境,并逐步向辫状河三角洲扩展;其次,煤层发育在湖扩张体系域的中晚期,湖平面频繁变浅-变深的湖沼-浅湖沉积环境。(3)建立了古近纪近海断陷盆地2种典型的沉积成煤模式。一是滨浅湖湖沼-辫状河三角洲成煤模式,主要发育在低水位体系域晚期-湖扩张体系域早期湖水平面缓慢抬升的过... 相似文献