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粤北金鸡岭丹霞群砂岩矿物表面结构初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对丹霞群砂岩中的石英、长石、电气石、锆石４种碎屑矿物的表面结构特征作了初步研究，并与现代河流和海岸砂质沉积物中的同类矿物的表面结构特征进行类比。文章指出，由于成岩作用的影响，古代砂岩中的碎屑矿物比现代砂的同类矿物具有更为复杂的表面结构，原因在于成岩环境下，溶解、溶蚀和压溶作用对古代砂岩的矿物表面有更深刻的改造。 相似文献
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毒砂是常见的含砷硫化物矿物。在金属硫化物矿山环境中,含毒砂矿石和尾矿的风化会导致严重的重金属污染,在其风化过程中,微生物能够显著促进毒砂的氧化分解。本文实验研究了Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans氧化分解毒砂矿物的现象,利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜,分析了毒砂微生物氧化作用形成的次生矿物类型,发现毒砂表面存在As含量明显不同的2类次生产物,观察到黄钾铁矾、臭葱石、自然硫和施威特曼石等矿物;借助光电子能谱仪重点分析了微生物作用前后毒砂晶面的表面化学组成,基本查明了Fe、As和S三种元素的价态变化,初步探讨了毒砂表面次生矿物成因和As的化学态转化。 相似文献
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矿物表面活性及其量度 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
矿物及其材料的表面活性及其表面反应性的具体表征，它是由矿物表面功能基所控制。由于矿物表面金属原子的电负性不同，以及它所处的配位环境不同，常表现出不同的极性、荷电性和Lewis酸碱性，它与溶质和溶剂分子之间反应（成键）能力也不同。在热力学上表现为反应自由能变化也不同。因此，量度矿物表面活性就是量度其表面极性、荷电性和Lewis酸碱性，它既可用化学方法，也可用热力学的方法。前者是通过反应作用量来量度，后者通过反应作用能来量度。然而现代矿物谱学的方法更能给出矿物及其材料表面反应活性的本质和详细信息。 相似文献
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以老挝石和寿山石的岩相学为基础,对其矿物学上的差异性进行了对比分析研究.重点用电子探针（EMPA）分析了老挝石和寿山石组成的化学元素种类及含量.用X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）分析了老挝石和寿山石的矿物组成.研究结果表明,老挝石和寿山石两者在矿物学上的差异主要体现在颜色、成分等方面,老挝石的颜色主要为红、白、粉,较少出现黄色,寿山石颜色丰富多彩,有红、白、粉、紫、黄、绿等,不同品种颜色差异较大.造成老挝石和寿山石颜色差异的主要原因为Fe元素含量的变化,Fe含量越高,颜色越深.老挝石和寿山石的主要矿物组成大致相同,主要由地开石、高岭石和珍珠陶石等组成,但两者在矿物组成含量及种类上略有差异.寿山石品种不同,矿物组成略有差异,如寿山虎口石中出现黄铁矿和叶蜡石,这在老挝石的研究中没有发现. 相似文献
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为探究生物地层格架下五峰组—龙马溪组孔隙结构特征,在笔石带划分的基础上结合孔隙结构特征及其影响因素将SY-3井五峰组—龙马溪组划分为LM5—LM7、WF4—LM4、WF2—WF3三个笔石带,并基于扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附实验、高压压汞实验等技术手段,分别对这三个笔石带进行孔隙结构特征的研究和对比。结果表明:LM5—LM7富集黏土矿物,主要发育较大孔径孔隙,以黏土矿物粒间孔为主;WF4—LM4富集有机质,主要发育较小孔径孔隙,以有机质孔为主;WF2—WF3富集石英,主要发育小孔径孔隙,以石英粒间孔为主,但大部分石英粒间孔被黏土矿物和有机质充填。LM5—LM7孔隙发育主要受TOC含量和矿物含量的影响,WF4—LM4孔隙发育主要受TOC含量影响,而WF2—WF3受矿物组分、有机质赋存特征及成岩作用等因素共同影响。不同笔石带由于沉积环境的差异导致其具有不同的有机质丰度及矿物组分,从而导致了孔隙结构的差异。 相似文献
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紫色“山仔濑石”为寿山石的一种，是一种由层状硅酸盐矿物组成的黏土质玉石。其表层风化为黄色，内部为紫色，属于图章石中较为稀少的颜色品种。本文采用常规的宝石显微镜对其外观特征进行详细观察；利用X射线粉晶衍射仪、显微激光拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、激光剥蚀等离子质谱仪等对其矿物组成、化学成分、稀土元素特征及谱学特征进行测试；利用全岩化学分析、紫外-可见光分光光度计、SPSS分析模型对其颜色成因进行研究。结果发现紫色“山仔濑石”的主要矿物组成为伊利石，次要矿物为独居石、磷钡铝石、赤铁矿和重晶石；其稀土元素指示性数据呈现出轻稀土元素富集，重稀土元素亏损的现象，指示其矿物成因与还原的酸性热液蚀变有关；紫色“山仔濑石”的紫色色调深浅与伊利石中Mn含量高低呈现正相关性；紫色“山仔濑石”内主要矿物和次要矿物的种类、分布特征和形成温度的不同说明在成矿后期存在多期热液侵入，紫色“山仔濑石”的形成过程与寿山地区的成矿规律具有一致性。 相似文献
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西藏札达盆地沉积物的石英砂表面特征及其环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在扫描电镜下对札达盆地香孜组、古格组和托林组地层中的石英砂表面结构特征进行观察, 三个组中石英颗粒外形磨圆度均不好, 以棱角和次棱角状为主, 结合区域地质认为, 盆地的沉积物源距离盆地沉降区很近, 为盆地周围的山地。其中香孜组的上部和中部冰川砂粒表面特征明显, 认为是水体较浅冰缘区河湖相沉积环境; 香孜组下部为湖泊水体较深的冰缘区河湖相沉积环境。古格组石英砂颗粒表面具有溶蚀坑和沟, 属于低化学能的湖相沉积。托林组则表现出河流相沉积的特点。 相似文献
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Michael A. Velbel 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(20):6098-6779
Naturally weathered olivine occurring as phenocrysts in Hawai’ian volcanic rocks from several volcanic centers and regolith/outcrop settings, and as tectonized olivines from several metadunite bodies in the southern Appalachian Blue Ridge, are all similarly corroded by natural weathering. Conical (funnel-shaped) etch pits occur as individual pits, base-to-base pairs of cone-shaped pits, or en echelon arrays. Etch-pit shapes and orientations in the smallest etch-pit arrays visible in conventional scanning electron microscopy resemble even smaller features previously reported from transmission electron microscope investigations of olivine weathering. Etch pits occur in samples with chemical and/or mineralogical evidence of weathering, and/or are associated with, or proximal or directly connected to, fractures or exposed outcrop surface, and therefore are formed by weathering and not inherited from pre-weathering aqueous alteration (e.g., serpentinization, iddingsitization) of these parent rocks. Many etch pits are devoid of weathering products. Natural weathering of olivine is surface-reaction-limited. Similarity of corrosion forms from naturally weathered olivine from multiple igneous and metamorphic parent-rock bodies suggests that olivine weathers in the same manner regardless of its specific crystallization/recrystallization history, eruption/weathering/exposure ages of the olivine’s host rock, and the local regolith history. 相似文献
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Benjamin A ALLOU Huanzhang LU Jayanta GUHA Jacques CARIGNAN 《大地构造与成矿学》2008,32(2):195-211
在西非的象牙海岸Issia地区分布着许多铌钽矿床,包括原生矿和砂矿。原生矿产在分带很好的伟晶岩中。这个地区发育着许多花岗岩和花岗伟晶岩。伟晶岩可分为:(1)分异不好的伟晶岩,无矿化;(2)含Be伟晶岩,分带较好,见绿柱石;(3)含Be-Nb-Ta的伟晶岩,分带很好,是矿体;(4)Be-Nb-Ta-Li伟晶岩,分带很好,是矿体。除了10多个原生矿外,还有许多砂矿。砂矿有两种类型:一种近原生矿的坡积砂矿,另一种是经河流冲刷搬运后的冲积砂矿。我们选择了Etienne-Meguhe砂矿作为近原生矿的坡积砂矿的代表,Bemadi矿作为河流冲积型的砂矿的代表,对这两种类型的砂矿的风化、搬运、沉积机理进行了比较研究。研究发现不同的搬运距离和搬运模式对铌钽砂矿的主要矿物——铌钽铁矿的化学性质没有什么影响,而其物理形态则发生了变化。坡积型砂矿的铌钽铁矿常与石英、长石等矿物连生,其颗粒大小与原生的Nb-Ta伟晶岩中的铌钽铁矿一致;经河流冲积而形成的砂矿中,铌钽铁矿颗粒变小、轮廓变得圆滑,几乎无连生矿物,但矿体集中,常在河流的冲积扇中分布,易开采。 相似文献
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Teunis A. P. Kwak 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1974,44(1):57-80
Existing staurolite breakdown reactions are briefly discussed and examples of each of the main types suggested from textural evidence from different well studied areas are analyzed. From the staurolite textural data, it is shown that: the pseudomorphic replacement is generally equal area; the replacement is usually by a single mineral or, where a number occur, one volumetrically greatly predominates; and successive reaction coronas exist around a single reactant grain. The analogy between the textural coronas and “monomineralic zones” at the contact of dissimilar rock types is drawn with the subsequent inference that reaction coronas in some, if not most, cases are out of equilibrium with the rest of the assemblage as well as the reactant mineral. In staurolite reaction textures, different grains in a single thin section normally have: different amounts (ratios) of product minerals, different product minerals, some grains which have reacted while others have not and different grains which have reacted to different degrees. Traverses of essentially total chemical analyses across staurolite grains in two test sections showed that considerable intertextural chemical variation in single thin sections exist which is much greater than the chemical variations within textures. Variations of, from 0.59 to 1.86 weight percent ZnO in different homogeneous staurolite grains occur in a single thin section (Z-5670911) and measurable variations of Si, Al, Fe, Mg and Mn are recorded. In all the textures analyzed both Zn and Al was deficient on the product side of balanced reactions, and particularly Zn can be shown to have been lost from the area of the section. The chemical and textural conclusions show that the limits of equilibrium systems, from which metamorphic reactions can be inferred, must be confined to the boundaries of the pseudomorphic texture, which means that ionic (complex bearing ?) species are involved and these systems must be treated as being open. 相似文献
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矿物包裹体特征对古岩溶作用的指示性 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
碳酸盐岩溶蚀孔缝中充填矿物包裹体特征对古岩溶作用环境和期次具有较好的指示性。黄骅坳陷奥陶系充填矿物包裹体物理特征反映古岩溶作用环境为埋藏型,包裹体化学特征显示了古岩溶作用与有机质熟化程度有关。包裹体各项特征指标的明显差异性与古岩溶作用的多期性相对应：3种盐度类型反映了浅埋藏、中等埋藏和深埋藏3种环境;4个均一温度段与古岩溶发育的4个期次相吻合。 相似文献
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S. S. Das Atul Kumar Singh Nisha Singh 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,89(5):503-510
The bar-top sediments at the Tons river deposited mainly from the suspension current during waning stage condition of river are collected to study their provenance on the basis of clay mineralogy, heavy minerals and magnetic properties. The clay mineral assemblages in samples predominantly consist of illite, with minor amounts of kaolinite, smectite and chlorite. The clay minerals are contributed due to (i) weathering and decomposition of shales, argillaceous limestones and pyroclastic deposits of upper Vindhyan Groups and (ii) weathering and erosion of Banda plain of Gangetic alluvium. The low ZTR index for the studied samples indicates poor sediment maturity, rapid erosion in the source region and short transportation of detritus. The transparent heavy mineral assemblages in the sediment samples predominantly consist of garnet, with minor amounts of tourmaline, zircon, hornblende, enstatite, hypersthene, rutile, tremolite, kyanite, sillimanite, andalusite, chlorite, epidote, wollastonite, and staurolite. The heavy minerals are dominantly angular to sub-angular with some rounded to sub-rounded grains. The rounded grains indicate multicyclicity and derivation fromVindhyan sandstones. The angular grains are either contributed due to erosion of primary rocks of Bundelkhand gneissic complex and or various Gangetic alluviums. The magnetic properties from sediment samples indicate that the antiferromagnetic minerals (illite, chlorite and smectite) are more concentrated in clay sized particles and it also indicated mixed source rocks for the bar-top sediment of Tons river. 相似文献
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一、样品1981年我所颜其德同志在南极莫森站北面海区和戴维斯站基岩砂滩及其以北的普里兹湾采集了共11个站位的沉积物样品,它们分布在南纬66°-68°区间,其中水下7个,滩面4个,见图1。南极洲除少数山峰和岩石出露外,98%面积终年为冰川所覆盖,冰盖厚度可达数千米。地质环境特殊,气候严寒干燥,常有暴风袭击。化学作用微弱,而物理作用,特别是冰川作用显著。本文通过对普里兹湾石英砂表面微结构的分析,了解极地洋区典型的石英砂微形态的类型以及与此相适应的沉积环境和塑造这种形态的机械的、物理的和化学的因素。 相似文献
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Multi-component mineral precipitation in porous, subsurface environments is challenging to simulate or engineer when in situ reactant mixing is controlled by diffusion. In contrast to well-mixed systems, the conditions that favor mineral precipitation in porous media are distributed along chemical gradients, which evolve spatially due to concurrent mineral precipitation and modification of solute transport in the media. The resulting physical and chemical characteristics of a mixing/precipitation zone are a consequence of coupling between transport and chemical processes, and the distinctive properties of individual chemical systems. We examined the spatial distribution of precipitates formed in “double diffusion” columns for two chemical systems, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Polyacrylamide hydrogel was used as a low permeability, high porosity medium to maximize diffusive mixing and minimize pressure- and density-driven flow between reactant solutions. In the calcium phosphate system, multiple, visually dense and narrow bands of precipitates were observed that were reminiscent of previously reported Liesegang patterns. In the calcium carbonate system, wider precipitation zones characterized by more sparse distributions of precipitates and a more open channel structure were observed. In both cases, formation of precipitates inhibited, but did not necessarily eliminate, continued transport and mixing of the reactants. A reactive transport model with fully implicit coupling between diffusion, chemical speciation and precipitation kinetics, but where explicit details of nucleation processes were neglected, was able to qualitatively simulate properties of the precipitation zones. The results help to illustrate how changes in the physical properties of a precipitation zone depend on coupling between diffusion-controlled reactant mixing and chemistry-specific details of precipitation kinetics. 相似文献
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Origin of Listwanite in the Luobusa Ophiolite, Tibet, Implications for Chromite Stability in Hydrothermal Systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHANG Lan YANG Jingsui Paul T. ROBINSON XIONG Fahui CHEN Yanhong LAI Shengmin CHEN Mei 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(2):402-417
Listwanite from the Luobusa ophiolite,Tibet,forms a narrow,discontinuous band along the eastern part of the southern boundary fault. We undertook a detailed petrographic and geochemical study to understand the mineral transformation processes and the behaviour of major and trace elements during listwanite formation. Three alteration zones characterized by distinct mineral components and texture are recognized and,in order of increasing degree of alteration,these are: zoneIII is rich in serpentine minerals; zoneII is rich in talc and carbonates; and zoneI is mainly composed of carbonates and quartz. Geochemical data for the three alteration zones show significant modification of some major and trace elements in the protolith,although some oxides show linear correlations with Mg O. Gold mineralization is recognized in the Luobusa listwanite and may signify an important target for future mineral exploration. Gold enrichment occurs in both zoneI and zoneIIand is up to 0.91 g/t in one sample from zoneI. We show that CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids can modify both the occurrence and composition of chromite grains,indicating some degree of chromite mobility. Low-Cr anhedral grains are more easily altered than high-Cr varieties. The compositions of chromite and olivine grains in the listwanite suggest a dunite protolith. 相似文献