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降雨往往足引起热带和亚热带膨胀土、残积土边坡失稳的主要促发因素,考虑降雨影响的土坡稳定性预测预报是一个亟待解决的复杂的工程问题.简要介绍了一套能考虑气候影响的非饱和土边坡稳定性分析的极限平衡分析方法和一套可考虑土体非线性和几何非线性的边坡稳定分析及变形计算的有限元方法.提出了一个降雨条件下土质边坡稳定性预测预报模型,其具体思路是:首先用数值方法计算渗流场,然后利用非饱和土的强度理论推求出整个场的强度分布,再利用极限平衡分析方法或有限元方法进行边坡稳定性分析,寻求斜坡稳定安全因数与降雨特征参数(雨强,降雨持时等)相关关系,如此,即可依据气象预报进行土坡稳定性预报. 相似文献
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土坡失稳的有效降雨量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
降雨易引起花岗岩残积土边坡失稳。在分析降雨对边坡土体含水率影响的基础上,通过饱和度和含水率的关系推求出土体从非饱和过渡到饱和的有效降雨量。结果表明：对土质边坡,并非所有的降雨都会引起边坡的失稳,降雨入渗使边坡土体从非饱和向饱和状态发展,当边坡土体饱和度达到一定程度的时候易产生边坡失稳;土坡存在饱和区和非饱和区的临界深度,降雨对边坡的影响即为使得该深度以上的土体从非饱和过渡到饱和的过程,须采取不同的抗剪强度来计算处于临界深度上下两部分土体的稳定状态。研究结果对确定土坡失稳的降雨量阀值、进一步认识滑坡失稳机制,对滑坡的预测预报具有理论及实际意义。 相似文献
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考虑基质吸力作用的土坡稳定性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
非饱和土基质吸力的有效应力作用,使得土体的抗剪强度得以提高。基于Fredlund的非饱和土抗剪强度理论,在土坡极限平衡分析方法中,同时考虑分条的土条底面与条间的基质吸力分布对土体抗剪强度的贡献,进而构筑考虑基质吸力作用的土坡极限平衡分析方法。构筑基于极限平衡分析方法的目标函数,应用SLP优化方法寻求最危险滑动面。用具体计算实例说明这种分析思路可以评价土坡的稳定性评价的影响。 相似文献
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降雨条件下,边坡土体吸水软化造成抗剪强度降低是引发边坡失稳的重要因素之一。雨水在边坡土体中的入渗过程是动态变化的,土体含水率（饱和度）也会随之发生持续变化,因此,研究土体抗剪强度在动态环境下的变化规律,对实时评价降雨工况下土体边坡的稳定性具有重要意义。文章以贵州省尖山营地区的膨胀土为研究对象,基于非饱和土强度理论,结合室内剪切试验数据分析了膨胀土的抗剪强度指标与土体含水率的关系,提出了以含水率为变量的抗剪强度公式;基于ABAQUS有限元软件平台的二次开发技术编写了USDFLD子程序,结合室内试验得出的土体抗剪强度变化规律,分析了降雨条件下土体含水率变化引起的强度衰减与土体重度变化对膨胀土边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:随膨胀土含水率增加,土中颗粒吸水膨胀,颗粒间距缩小,矿物颗粒间的黏结作用逐渐增大,直至集合体空隙充水,吸力减小,黏结作用迅速减弱;膨胀土的抗剪强度总体呈递减趋势,其中,黏聚力先增后减,内摩擦角递减。应用ABAQUS有限元软件的二次开发技术可实现土体参数随含水率的动态变化而变化,为降雨条件下非饱和土边坡的有限元分析提供了一种新的技术手段。 相似文献
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膨胀土强度随饱和度变化显著,非饱和膨胀土的抗剪强度一直是研究膨胀土工程问题的关键。选取南阳市某高速路沿线边坡膨胀土为研究对象,进行了天然条件下处于不同饱和度状态的膨胀土原位孔内剪切试验,获得了自然条件下膨胀土的抗剪强度随饱和度的变化特征。膨胀土的抗剪强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角随着膨胀土饱和度的增大而逐渐减小。结合现场试验数据和土-水特征曲线,提出了以法向应力、饱和度为变量和以法向应力、基质吸力为变量的两种非饱和膨胀土的抗剪强度计算模型,并结合试验数据对计算模型的适用性进行了验证。与之前常用的非饱和土抗剪强度计算模型相比较,提出的两种计算模型所需的拟合参数少,适用于更宽吸力范围、不同法向应力条件下非饱和膨胀土抗剪强度的计算,且结果更为准确。 相似文献
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花岗岩残积土在非饱和状态下的工程性质良好,但其极易受到降雨影响。厦门石鼓山西通道项目的实测数据表明,降雨入渗引起残积土中基坑围护桩变形显著增加。本文采用PLAXIS有限元软件建立数值模型,通过瞬态渗流分析,探究降雨入渗加剧非饱和残积土中基坑变形的机理。结果表明,降雨入渗会显著加剧非饱和残积土中基坑变形,降低基坑的稳定性,其原因是降雨入渗使基坑内外土体饱和度增加,基质吸力降低,进而导致土体抗剪强度减小,同时导致主动土压力增大。相比于低渗透性土,饱和渗透系数较高的残积土层中基坑持力层土体强度更易受到降雨的影响。墙后土体应力路径表明,降雨过程土体所受剪力基本保持不变,基坑变形增加较小,降雨后的清淤开挖使桩后土体达到临界抗剪强度,导致基坑变形急剧增加。 相似文献
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连续降雨作用下非饱和土边坡的稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
在边坡稳定性研究中,吸力的影响经常被忽略。基于非饱和土的渗流理论,利用数值分析方法研究了一个由于连续降雨导致的非饱和土边坡失稳的工程实例。研究结果表明:非饱和土的吸力对于维持边坡稳定具有重要影响,而吸力与降雨频率、降雨量、降雨时间、蒸发量等密切相关。对于工程实践而言,吸力的监测对于维持土坡稳定具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Rainfall is considered as one of the paramount factors for slope failures in many regions around the world, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. To study the effect of rainfall storm and its duration on the stability of slopes with a thin soft band layer, a 2D seepage numerical analysis and experimental investigation were implemented on an unsaturated model, consisting of clayey sand soils with a thin soft layer inclined to the horizontal level by 30° at a slope angle of 50°. It was subjected to intensive rainfall 20 mm/h for 8 h. Positive pore water pressures and horizontal earth pressures were monitored during the rainstorm using sensors distributed inside the experimental model. Both the experimental and numerical simulation results showed that the stability of the slope decreased during the time of the rainfall storm. Infiltration of rainwater resulted in reduction of soil shear strength, due to the loss occurring in soil suction after 1 h of rainstorm; the tension cracks appeared at the top of the slope and a certain displacement was observed in the sliding blocks. During the time of rainstorm, the infiltrated water flowed out from the slope through the weak interlayer near to the toe causing piping and local failure, so the formed cracks at the top of slope grew and expanded due to sliding of the failed soil blocks. Moreover, the ground water table rose and the positive pore water pressures increased, resulting in a reduction of effective stress, which is considered as a main factor in soil shear strength. A surface runoff was also present following the full saturation of the slope, leading to dragging the fine particles with water flow causing erosion. The combination of piping and erosion effects led to a quick local failure at the toe, as well as sliding of the failed blocks and spreading of the cracks. 相似文献
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降雨入渗条件下非饱和膨胀土边坡原位监测 总被引：40，自引：5，他引：40
为了对降雨诱发的非饱和膨胀土边坡失稳的机理有较深入的了解，在湖北枣阳选取了一个11 m高的典型的非饱和膨胀土挖方边坡进行人工降雨模拟试验和原位综合监测。监测成果表明：降雨入渗造成2 m深度以内土层中孔隙水压力和含水量大幅度增加，致使膨胀土体的抗剪强度由于有效应力的减少及土体吸水膨胀软化而降低；同时，降雨入渗造成土体中水平应力与竖向应力比显著增加，并接近理论的极限状态应力比，以致软化的土体有可能沿着裂隙面发生局部被动破坏，此破裂面在一定条件下（如持续降雨条件下）可能会逐渐扩展，最后发展成为膨胀土中常见的渐进式滑坡。 相似文献
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T.Y. Irfan 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1998,16(3):215-238
A number of large slope failures which have occurred in Hong Kong have highlighted the important influence that discontinuities in saprolitic soils can have on slope stability. Conventional stability analyses normally adopted for such soils, which assume failure through intact materials of uniform shear strength, are not appropriate if discontinuity-controlled failures can be postulated. Stress history and present-day weathering effects should also be taken into consideration in the assessment of the long-term stability of slopes in weathered rocks in tropical and subtropical regions. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998 相似文献
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有荷干湿循环条件下不同膨胀土抗剪强度基本特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对膨胀土分布区公路边坡常浅层坍滑现状,选取南、北方3种典型膨胀土样,模拟干湿循环并计及边坡破坏时滑面的上覆压力,改变常规试样吸湿及施剪条件开展试验研究,以获得较符合实际的膨胀土抗剪强度及其衰减规律。结果表明：不同上覆压力对膨胀土抗剪强度的影响为荷载越大其强度绝对衰减率越小;用双直线能较好表征其抗剪强度线特征,强度指标c、? 宜按高、低应力段分别获取;随干湿循环次数增加,c值呈指数函数衰减,是造成边坡浅层坍滑的主要原因;? 值随作用次数增加虽有减小趋势,但降幅不大;通过控制基本相同的试验条件,实测得3种膨胀土的最终抗剪强度均降至某一幅值范围。研究结论为解读膨胀土坡为何多浅层坍滑提供了有价值的信息。 相似文献
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An analytical solution for rainfall infiltration into an unsaturated infinite slope and its application to slope stability analysis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Surficial slope failures in residual soils are common in tropical and subtropical regions as a result of rainfall infiltration. This study develops an analytical solution for simulating rainfall infiltration into an infinite unsaturated soil slope. The analytical solution is based on the general partial differential equation for water flow through unsaturated soils. It can accept soil–water characteristic curve and unsaturated permeability function of the exponential form into account. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the assumptions of the analytical solution and demonstrate that the proposed analytical solution is acceptable for the coarse soils with low air entry values. The pore‐water pressure (pwp) distributions obtained from the analytical solution can be incorporated into a limit equilibrium method to do infinite slope stability analysis for a rain‐induced shallow slip. The analysis method takes into account the influence of the water content change on unit weight and hence on factor of safety. A series of analytical parametric analyses have been performed using the developed model. The analyses indicate that when the residual soil slope, consisting of a completely decomposed granite layer underlain by a less permeable layer, is subjected to a continuous heavy rainfall, the loss of negative pwp and the reduction in factor of safety were found to be most significant for the shallow soil layer and during the first 12 h. The antecedent and subsequent rainfall intensity, depth of a less permeable layer and slope angle all have a significant influence on the pwp response and hence the slope stability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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当采用合理的强度参数时,根据常规极限平衡或极限分析方法的计算结果,很难解释一些膨胀土边坡会在极缓的坡度下发生失稳破坏的原因.事实上,由于膨胀土遇水后会发生显著的变形,在饱和区与非饱和区交界面附近会出现很大的剪应力.因此,在膨胀土边坡的稳定分析中,需要考虑这种因素的影响.根据塑性力学的上限定理,严格地导出了考虑膨胀应力作功的功能平衡方程.根据强度储备定义的安全系数即隐含在这一方程中,它可以通过迭代方法求解.边坡稳定的上限分析在数值上是利用了单元集成法来完成的.这不仅能方便地利用应力分析的成果,而且能进行滑裂面的优化,从而找到最小的安全系数.对一个坡度为1:4的膨胀土边坡的稳定计算结果表明,膨胀变形会使边坡的安全系数显著减小.当考虑膨胀时,优化得到的破坏模式是在浅层出现一个局部的滑动,它会牵动其上部的土体也相继出现局部滑动,这正好符合膨胀土滑坡时所常见的牵引性的特征. 相似文献
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东南沿海残积土地区降雨诱发型滑坡预报雨强-历时曲线的影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东南沿海山地丘陵地区每年雨季期间有大量土质滑坡发生,如何对由降雨诱发的滑坡进行预报一直都是一个热点研究课题,雨强-历时曲线（简称I-D曲线）是目前国内外常用的降雨型滑坡预报的降雨量临界值曲线。针对东南沿海地区的浅层残积土滑坡,根据相关勘察数据及资料,概化得到了该类型边坡的地质剖面及岩土层性质,然后应用Geo-Studio软件分析了边坡初始湿润条件、土体抗剪强度、饱和渗透系数、边坡坡角、残坡积土层厚度及雨型等参数对I-D曲线的影响规律。分析结果表明：残坡积土抗剪强度参数、饱和渗透系数、边坡坡角、雨型等因素对I-D曲线的影响显著,边坡安全系数降至临界值所需降雨历时随抗剪强度参数值降低、表层残积土渗透系数增加或坡角增大而减少;当雨强较小时,初始湿润条件对I-D曲线的影响显著;当雨强大于残坡积土层饱和渗透系数时,入渗量主要由渗透系数控制,边坡安全系数降至临界值所需降雨历时不随雨强增大而变化。该研究结果为I-D曲线在东南沿海残积土地区降雨诱发滑坡预警预报中的应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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膨胀土具有胀缩性、多裂隙性和超固结性,在自然条件下极易受到降雨和蒸发的干湿循环效应,土的抗剪强度会随着时间的延续而衰减,造成边坡失稳。以荆门弱膨胀土为研究对象,对经历不同干湿循环次数的荆门弱膨胀土开展环剪试验,并探讨分析其峰值强度和残余强度的变化规律。试验结果表明,试样的抗剪强度与法向压力的大小有关,无论是峰值强度还是残余强度均随着法向压力的增大而增大,同时法向压力越大,试样达到残余强度时所需要的剪切位移也会越小;随着干湿循环次数的增加,膨胀土的峰值强度明显衰减,残余强度虽略有变化但并不明显,可近似认为稳定;经历3次干湿循环后膨胀土的峰值黏聚力和残余黏聚力指标已经近乎一致,峰值内摩擦角和残余内摩擦角之间始终保持在2o左右的差异,基本不受循环次数的影响。 相似文献
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Analysis of a progressive slope failure in the Xiangjiaba reservoir area,Southwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The rehabilitation construction in the reservoir area of Xiangjiaba hydropower station in Southwest China has caused many landslides. A shallow progressive failure that occurred on the resettlement site of Xin’an Town of Pingshan County in Sichuan Province was selected as a case study. This landslide occurred in a long and gently inclined area by slope excavation under rainfall conditions. It is about 3.0 m deep with a total length of 35 m and is composed of some subfailures. Undisturbed samples were retrieved, on which the basic properties, shear strength, expansive potential, mineral compositions, and microstructures were tested and analyzed. The results show (1) the landsliding materials belong to medium expansive soil, consisting of the clay minerals of illite–smectite (I/S) and chlorite–smectite (C/S); (2) shear strength of the soil is sensitive to water, which greatly decreases once saturated; and (3) many fractures and relatively large pores are developed in the soils. Back analysis of the landslide shows that the shear strength at failure is less than the residual shear strength obtained from lab tests, indicating that some processes contributing to the slope failure could not be reflected by the shear box test. Based on the above analysis, the progressive process of the slope failure was interpreted, and it is inferred that the rainfall entered into the slope mainly through fractures and relatively large pores in the soil. It caused not only the great decrease in soil strength but also the swelling trend. The latter one would lead to growth, interaction, and coalescence of the fractures. Soon after, these fractures formed the shear planes (zones), which further decreased the resistance of the landslide. Under these favorable conditions, the slope excavation directly triggered the failure. 相似文献
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膨胀土边坡受降雨影响产生膨胀变形，是典型的非饱和土多场耦合问题。为探究降雨入渗对其渐进性破坏的失稳过程，基于饱和-非饱和渗流理论、膨胀土弹塑性本构关系和应变软化理论，利用应变软化模型、FLAC3D二次开发平台和内置FISH语言，提出了一种综合考虑非饱和渗流、膨胀变形和应变软化的多场耦合数值分析法。结合工程实例，通过该方法探讨了降雨入渗条件下膨胀土边坡非饱和渗流、位移响应及渐进性破坏的变化规律。结果表明:膨胀变形和应变软化受控于非饱和渗流的时空分布，对边坡位移响应过程影响显著，也易导致饱和-非饱和分界带形成剪应力集中区。膨胀土边坡渐进性破坏由局部破坏转变为整体性失稳，其塑性破坏区首先随悬挂型暂态饱和区的变化向坡内扩展，雨后逐渐形成第二条由坡脚向坡顶扩展的滑动带，呈现出多重滑动性和后退牵引式的破坏特征。 相似文献