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为了进一步深化铀矿物的富集机理.利用α径迹放射性照相、扫描电镜、电子探针等方法对鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀矿床中铀矿物的赋存状态进行了系统研究.发现该区铀矿物主要为铀石，少量沥青铀矿和含铀钛矿物.沉积-成岩期碎屑铀矿物赋存在碎屑颗粒内部，吸附在锐钛矿周围，为铀储层中预富集的铀.成矿期铀矿物大部分赋存在碎屑颗粒填隙部位，与黄铁矿、碳质碎屑相伴生，与石英颗粒及方解石胶结关系密切；部分吸附在包裹碎屑颗粒的蒙脱石薄膜上.另外发现了，沥青铀矿-赤铁矿-黄铁矿的矿物组合，以及硒铅矿（PbSe）和白硒铁矿（FeSe2）与铀矿物相伴生，并伴有REE含量明显升高.分析得出，沥青铀矿形成于成矿早期，氧化酸性流体与还原碱性流体的过渡界面，偏向于氧化酸性一侧；而铀石主要形成于成矿晚期的还原碱性环境.双重铀源供给、丰富的还原介质、多源流体的耦合，局部的热液流体叠加改造，共同造就了鄂尔多斯盆地北部大矿、富矿的形成. 相似文献
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目前对松辽盆地南部钱家店铀矿床成因的认识存在明显争议.本文利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、XRD等分析测试方法对该矿床后生蚀变作用进行了系统的研究,发现该矿床不同类型砂岩中矿物蚀变作用类型有:赤铁矿化、褐铁矿化、黄铁矿化、粘土化、碳酸盐化和铀矿化,其中黄铁矿化包括胶状黄铁矿化、草莓状黄铁矿化和粒状黄铁矿化,粘土化主要包括水云母化、高岭石化和伊利石化,碳酸盐化包括方解石化、铁白云石化和菱铁矿化.红色砂岩和黄色砂岩以赤铁矿化、褐铁矿化、水云母化、高岭石化、伊利石化和方解石化为主,但黄色砂岩中赤铁矿化、褐铁矿化及水云母化程度略低;灰色不含矿砂岩以微弱赤铁矿化、黄铁矿化、高岭石化、伊利石化、铁白云石化和菱铁矿化为主;灰色含矿砂岩中以黄铁矿化、高岭石化、伊利石化、铁白云石化、铀矿化和菱铁矿化为主;原生灰色砂岩以黄铁矿化和菱铁矿化为主.钱家店铀矿床演化历史和矿物之间的穿插关系分析显示,成岩期矿物蚀变以菱铁矿为代表,形成于中性-弱碱性环境;成矿早期矿物蚀变以赤铁矿、针铁矿、黄铁矿、水云母和高岭石等为代表,形成于酸性环境;成矿晚期矿物蚀变以伊利石和铁白云石为代表,形成于弱碱-碱性环境;成矿期后矿物蚀变以方解石为代表,形成于碱-强碱性环境.因此,钱家店铀矿床经历了成岩期中性-弱碱性环境→成矿早期酸性环境→成矿晚期弱碱-碱性环境→成矿期后碱-强碱性环境的转变. 相似文献
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为明确鄂尔多斯盆地塔然高勒地区直罗组、延安组地层中煤、黄铁矿等还原介质与砂岩型铀矿的共存关系,选取直罗组含矿砂体及其中的黄铁矿、炭屑以及延安组煤层等为研究对象,综合利用钻孔编录、显微镜和电子探针分析等手段开展研究。结果表明,研究区铀矿体与延安组煤层、直罗组炭屑具有空间和成因上的关联,延安组煤层为铀的沉淀提供了大量的还原剂,而直罗组炭屑里的腐植酸对铀酰离子起到吸附和络合的作用;铀石是该区最主要的铀矿物类型,其与莓球状黄铁矿、蚀变黄铁矿、胶状黄铁矿、钛铁矿、白钛石伴生关系明显;有机质、黄铁矿等还原介质的含量及空间分布可以作为铀成矿的指示标志。 相似文献
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《大地构造与成矿学》2020,(4)
近年经过深入的铀矿勘查工作,在鄂尔多斯盆地西南部洛河组发现了具有工业意义的铀矿体,实现了深部铀矿勘查的重要突破。通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、蚀变矿物光谱扫描等分析手段,对镇原地区洛河组黏土矿物的组成、含量及特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,洛河组赋矿砂岩与盆地东北部、西南部最重要的含铀岩系——直罗组具有较明显的差别。洛河组赋矿砂岩中黏土矿物总量较低,不同类型砂体中黏土矿物组合略有差异,其中泥岩、氧化砂岩、钙质砂岩、矿化砂岩中主要黏土矿物为伊蒙混层和伊利石,其次为高岭石和绿泥石。富矿砂岩和灰绿色围岩中的黏土矿物则主要是高岭石和伊蒙混层,其次为伊利石和绿泥石。扫描电镜下可见绿泥石、伊蒙混层、高岭石、少量伊利石与沥青铀矿伴生现象,但黏土矿物与铀矿物相关性不明显,表明在洛河组成矿过程中,黏土矿物可以吸附铀,但不是铀矿富集最主要的影响因素。通过对洛河组砂岩中黏土矿物赋存关系的研究,提出研究区至少存在两期绿泥石和一期高岭石的生成,揭示了由碱性→酸性→碱性流体的作用过程。黏土矿物特征可以作为铀成矿过程中后生流体示踪的重要标志。 相似文献
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龙虎泡铀矿化区的发现是近年来根据油田资料二次开发和钻探验证而取得的重要创新成果之一,矿化区位于松辽盆地北部龙虎泡-大安阶地北,西与泰康隆起区和西部超覆区相邻。本文在详实的野外工作基础之上,利用偏光显微镜、电子显微镜、能谱、背散射、点化学分析及元素面扫描分析等手段,对龙虎泡地区含铀砂岩中以钛铁矿及其相关蚀变矿物为代表的铁钛氧化物与砂岩型铀矿化之间的关系进行了研究探讨,结果表明:①以富铀-铁钛氧化物-钛氧化物-黄铁矿为代表的蚀变矿物共生组合记录和保留了有关砂岩型铀矿成矿流体和成矿环境的重要信息,含矿砂岩中钛铁矿及其蚀变相关的富铀-铁钛氧化物、钛氧化物、黄铁矿等矿物的不同产出类型和不同蚀变矿物共生组合关系对比分析指示,龙虎泡地区铀成矿受到了后期含铀富铁的氧化性流体与富H_2S的还原性流体混合作用影响,成矿环境偏强还原;②与铀矿化关系最为密切的铁钛氧化物是蚀变程度高且富镁的钛铁矿,富铀-铁钛氧化物即是这些强蚀变钛铁矿与后期成矿流体发生氧化还原作用形成的,钛铁矿内部溶蚀裂隙为含矿流体的蚀变和铀的沉淀富集提供了良好的容矿空间,蚀变钛铁矿和黄铁矿为铀的沉淀富集分别提供了良好的矿物尺度上的氧化障和还原障,在含矿流体与富H_2S还原性流体混合过程中,铀得以在蚀变钛铁矿与黄铁矿的氧化还原界面附近沉淀富集。 相似文献
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为查明松辽盆地西南部钱家店凹陷新发现DL铀矿带青山口组铀的赋存形式、富集成矿机制及过程,联合对灰色砂、泥岩矿石开展了系统的岩矿鉴定、扫描电镜观察、能谱及电子探针分析、全岩U—Pb同位素定年。结果表明,砂泥岩矿石属于多物源供给的辫状河流相碎屑岩建造,成分和结构成熟度均偏差;矿石中铀均主要以沥青铀矿为主,其次为含铀钛矿物,少量含铀碳酸盐矿物,含铀、锆、硅混合物及吸附态铀。沥青铀矿主要呈胶状、团块状及微粒状产在矿石局部强吸附还原域的杂基、碎屑矿物溶蚀孔洞（隙）或边缘等可赋存空间位置,且与碳屑有机质、黄铁矿、高岭石和蒙脱石黏土矿物、铁白云石及含钛矿物紧密共（伴）生。目的层总体先后存在弱酸性还原流体和碱性还原热液流体双重铀富集成矿作用;并通过矿石全岩U—Pb同位素定年新获得了50.6±1.6 Ma、32.2±3.9 Ma、27±4 Ma、26±2.7 Ma、23.9±2.8 Ma等一批成矿年龄,指示了古近纪期间的主成矿事件。基于区内构造—沉积演化特征,初步构建了DL铀矿带青山口组四阶段的多元流体耦合叠加铀成矿过程：①沉积—成岩预富集阶段;②嫩江末构造反转初始成矿阶段;③古近纪热液流体改造成矿阶段;④新近纪叠加改造阶段。该研究对盆地下一步的铀矿找矿和后期地浸开采具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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近年来,砂岩型铀矿勘查工作在松辽盆地北部大庆长垣及周边地区取得重要找矿突破,并在龙虎泡地区深部层位发现了重要找矿线索。本文在钻孔岩芯编录、系统采样等野外工作基础上,利用偏光显微镜、电子探针以及铀价态分析等手段,对龙虎泡地区含铀岩系中铀矿物赋存特征进行了研究。研究表明,龙虎泡地区含铀岩系主要为四方台组底部曲流河相浅灰色砂岩,黄铁矿化与铀矿化关系密切。铀矿物类型主要为铀石,其次为富铀-铁钛氧化物,两者均与胶状黄铁矿紧密共生,另外还有少量含铀矿物碎屑石英,铀矿物成分分析显示,铀石普遍含有较高的P、Y,而这2种元素在富铀-铁钛氧化物中含量极少。能谱元素面扫描分析指示出,富铀-铁钛氧化物很可能为碎屑钛铁矿经后期含铀流体蚀变形成。含矿砂岩U4+/U6+比值分析和黄铁矿-钛铁矿矿物组合关系表明,龙虎泡地区含铀岩系的形成环境还原性较强。铀矿物赋存特征指示了龙虎泡含矿砂岩中的铀矿物具有多期次形成特点,在其形成过程中伴随有成矿环境的变化,从早期富铀铁钛氧化物到后期大量富磷-钇铀石的形成,成矿流体U、Si、P、Y等元素成分升高同时还原性减弱,流体耦合由早期以富H2S还原性流体为主趋于向后期以含铀含氧流体为主变化。 相似文献
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《华北地质》2021,(2)
采用电子探针、能谱及背散射分析、扫描电镜、微区X射线荧光等实验方法,详细研究了钱家店铀矿床铀的赋存形式、含铀矿物类型,并对铀矿物相关的矿物组合类型及成因进行探讨。结果表明:(1)钱家店铀矿区铀的赋存形式包括铀矿物、吸附态铀以及含铀矿物三大类。其中,铀矿物类型主要为沥青铀矿,铀石次之,仅在局部可见含钛铀矿物等;吸附铀主要为高岭石吸附和有机质吸附。铀矿物常与黄铁矿、铁白云石、高岭石等密切共生,多呈胶状发育在黄铁矿、铁白云石边缘及裂隙内,也有呈粒状、球粒状独立分布,少数分布在碎屑颗粒内部。(2)研究区至少存在两期铀成矿相关流体:一期中性-弱碱性含铀流体形成的铀矿物围绕黄铁矿边缘发育,形成环边、似环边状,同时形成铁白云石为主的碳酸盐围绕黄铁矿外围发育;另一期含铀流体形成的铀矿物呈脉状充填在黄铁矿内部,无碳酸盐形成。(3)铀矿物(特别是铀石)中含有丰富的磷元素,扫描电镜也发现部分样品中存在富磷元素的微球粒状的铀石集合体,初步认为这是低温流体下微生物参与铀成矿作用的有力证据。 相似文献
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M. -Z. Min X. -Z. Luo S. -L. Mao Z. -Q. Wang R. C. Wang L. -F. Qin X. -L. Tan 《Ore Geology Reviews》2001,17(4)
A fossil wood cell texture with pitchblende and coffinite found at a sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposit, Xinjiang, NW China, is first reported here for the country. In the mineralized sandstone, detrital grains consisting of quartz, feldspar, rock fragments, carbonaceous trashes, mica and accessory minerals were deposited in early Turassic time and were cemented by clays and minor authigenic calcite and quartz. Pitchblende and minor coffinite are principal ore minerals at the deposit, and selectively replaced carbonized fossil wood remnants or filled fossil wood cells. An excellent fossil wood cell texture with primary uranium minerals formed. Replacement of organic debris by primary uranium minerals may be due to a local reducing environment resulting from the production of CH4, H2S or H2SO3 in its decomposition, and a biochemical reaction indicated by the common presence of framboidal pyrite. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟地区铀矿物赋存形式研究及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部的伊陕单斜构造区,该区含矿主岩为中侏罗统直罗组下段下亚段。本文通过电子探针、能谱及背散射分析等方法,详细研究了该区目的层砂岩的铀矿物类型及其赋存形式,并对其矿物组合特征及期次等进行了探讨。结果表明纳岭沟地区铀矿物主要为铀石,还有少量的含钛含铀矿物、沥青铀矿、铀钍石等。铀矿物与黄铁矿、蚀变钛铁矿、锐钛矿/白钛石、粘土矿物等密切共生,呈毛刺状或微细柱状产于矿物边缘,或呈粒状产于黑云母解理缝中,另外也见产于碎屑颗粒中。结合电子探针及背散射分析,对蚀变黑云母解理缝中黄铁矿及铀石成因、以及蚀变钛铁矿与铀特殊关系进行了初步探讨。另外该区存在高Y和低Y元素两种铀石类型,沥青铀矿可能为原铀矿物蚀变残留,结合矿物蚀变期次,初步认为该区含铀砂岩至少遭受两期不同成矿流体作用,多源流体耦合成矿可能是砂岩型铀成矿的重要机制之一。 相似文献
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The Proterozoic Deadhorse Creek volcaniclastic breccia complex was emplaced in Archean metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks
of the Schreiber-White River greenstone belt adjacent to the Proterozoic Coldwell alkaline complex. The western sub-complex
of the Deadhorse Creek breccia consists of metasomatically-altered breccia, a U-Be-Zr-rich main mineralized zone and a Zr-Y-Th-rich
carbonate vein. The main mineralized zone is enriched in beryllium, thorium, uranium, first and second row transition elements,
and rare earth elements. The major minerals present include: albite; potassium feldspar; quartz; calcite; apatite; and phenakite.
Accessory minerals include: aegirine-jervisite; aegirine-natalyite; allanite; barite; barylite; coffinite; Ca-Mn-silicate;
magnetite; monazite-(Ce); niobian vanadian rutile; pyrite; thorite; thorogummite; thortveitite; uraninite; vanadian crichtonite;
xenotime-(Y); zircon and hydrated zircon; and zircon-thorite-coffinite solid solutions. The carbonate vein consists of dolomite-ankerite
and calcite with accessory zircon, xenotime, and monazite. Barite, baotite and Ba-rich feldspars, were formed during metasomatism
of the earlier-formed and genetically-unrelated volcaniclastic breccia adjacent to the main mineralized zone. The complex
mineral assemblage of the fault-controlled main mineralized zone is considered to have formed in three stages. An initial
emplacement of a “granitic” melt/fluid was followed by introduction of CO2-bearing Cr-Nb-V-Ti-enriched alkaline fluids. The latter reacted with minerals which had crystallized from the “granitic”
melt/fluid to produce the exotic V-, Sc- and Nb-bearing mineral assemblage. Subsequently, a supergene suite of minerals, consisting
principally of calcite, thorogummite, hollandite and tyuyamanite, formed during post-Pleistocene alteration was superimposed
onto the pre-existing Proterozoic age mineral assemblage. The major mineralogy of the main mineralized zone is essentially
‘granitic” and the melts/fluids are considered to be derived from an A-type granite source. However, the Deadhorse Creek mineralization
is older (1129±6 Ma) than the A-type quartz syenites of the adjacent Coldwell complex (1108±1 Ma) which are the nearest potential
sources of such melts. Thus, the source of the “granitic” melt together with that of the Cr-Nb-V-Ti-bearing alkaline fluids
remains enigmatic. 相似文献
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Transport and deposition of uranium in hydrothermal ore fluids as exemplified by Uranium Deposit 302 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Uranium Deposit 302 is a large hydrothermal uranium deposit occurring in fault zones within a granite. Pitchblende is the
only primary uranium mineral found in the ore. The associated minerals include quartz, fluorite, hematite and pyrite.
This paper focusses on the mechanism of transport and deposition of uranium in hydrothermal oreforming solutions responsible
for the deposit. It is concluded that uranium might be not only oxidized in a relatively reducing environment, but also reduced
in a relatively oxidizing environment, depending on the speciation of uranium in the solutions. The formation of pitchblende
is closely related to uranium reduction at the stage of uranium mineralization. 相似文献
17.
基于棉花坑矿床不同类型铀矿石中矿物共生组合关系研究,讨论了棉花坑矿床成矿作用过程中铀的沉淀富集机制。研究结果显示,棉花坑矿床铀矿体主要呈脉状充填或细脉浸染状产出;铀矿石类型包括萤石型、碳酸盐型、硅质脉型和红化型。虽然不同矿石类型中成矿期形成的脉石矿物种类存在差异,但均表现出以下共性特点:铀矿物赋存于脉状充填矿石的中心部位或两壁,或与成矿期脉石矿物相间排列;或呈细脉状、浸染状赋存于碎裂蚀变花岗岩内;与成矿期脉石矿物(主要包括方解石、萤石、微晶石英)镶嵌生长;铀矿物与黄铁矿以集合态或相对独立态密切共生,两者之间及其与成矿期脉石矿物晶体之间界线平直,晶形完好,镶嵌生长。认为棉花坑矿床铀矿石中黄铁矿与铀矿物之间不存在先后的成生关系,均为成矿流体共结晶产物;铀沉淀成矿与氧化还原作用无关,减压、温度下降以及成矿流体p H值、溶解度(饱和度)变化,是制约铀矿物以及相关脉石矿物结晶沉淀的主要因素。 相似文献
18.
Sedimentary units deposited during the post-rift stage of the Erlian Basin located in northeast China present an alternation of sandstone and mudstone layers. This sedimentological architecture is at the origin of confined permeable reservoirs hosting sandstone-type uranium deposits. The study of the Nuheting deposit offered the opportunity to identify synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentrations and diagenetic mineralization hosted in mudstone-dominated layers of the Erlian Formation, indicating that a stock of uranium was present in the basin prior to the genesis of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Therefore, this pre-existing stock may constitute a significant source of uranium for the formation of roll front deposits present in other parts of the Erlian Basin.Detailed petrographic and geochemical study of drill-core samples from the Nuheting deposit led to the characterization of different stages related to the formation of the uranium ore bodies and allowed to propose a new metallogenic model. Uranium mineralization of the Nuheting deposit is mainly hosted in dark gray silty mudstone of wetland depositional environment of the Late Cretaceous Erlian Formation. Petrographic observations and EMP analyses evidenced that a significant amount of uranium was associated with clay minerals (interstratified clays, smectite, chlorite, palygorskyte, illite and kaolinite), either adsorbed on mineral surfaces as U (VI) ions or reduced mainly as UO2 nano to microcrystals disseminated in the clayey matrix, which corresponds to synsedimentary/early diagenetic concentrations. Trace elements on pyrite analyzed by LA-ICPMS, petrographic observations and whole-rock geochemical data led to the characterization of a diagenetic uranium mineralization. High As (1–50 ppm), Mo (10–500 ppm) and Se concentrations in the whole rock and the incorporation of these elements in pyrite highlight reducing conditions within the host-rocks during the diagenesis of the Erlian Formation. During the early diagenetic stage, uranium was either desorbed from clay minerals and organic materials to be reduced or directly reduced and precipitated as P-rich coffinite and pitchblende on pyrite crystals. During the late diagenetic stage, uranium was redistributed in situ and locally deposited mainly as coffinite on pyrites. Finally, an epigenetic stage of cementation was identified with sulfate and carbonate minerals, which may enclose some uranium minerals. This epigenetic stage of fluid circulation may be responsible for a minor uranium remobilization. Therefore, the Nuheting deposit experienced three main stages: (i) a synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentration and mineralization, (ii) a late diagenetic in situ uranium remobilization and deposition on pyrite and (iii) an epigenetic cementation. Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter contained in host-rocks of the Nuheting deposit is of type IV, inherited from land plant, and do not contain free hydrocarbons (very low S1). Therefore, our results do not support that migrated hydrocarbons were involved as a reducing agent for uranium mineralization. 相似文献
19.
Stable isotope geochemistry and diagenetic mineralization associated with the Tono sandstone-type uranium deposit in Japan 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The Tono sandstone-type uranium mine area, middle Honsyu, Japan is composed of Miocene lacustrine sedimentary rocks in the
lower part (18–22 Ma) and marine facies in the upper part (15–16 Ma). Calcite and pyrite occur as dominant diagenetic alteration
products in these Neogene sedimentary rocks. The characteristics of calcite and pyrite differ significantly between lacustrine
and marine facies. Abundant pyrite, calcite, organic matter, and small amounts of marcasite or pyrrhotite occur in the lacustrine
facies, whereas small amounts of calcite and framboidal pyrite, organic matter and no marcasite or pyrrhotite are found within
the marine units. The δ13C values of calcite in the lacustrine deposits are low (−19 to −6‰ PDB) but those in marine formation are high (−11 to +3‰).
This implies that the contribution of marine carbonate is larger in upper marine sedimentary rocks, and carbon in calcite
in the lower lacustrine formation was derived both from oxidation of organic matter and from dissolved marine inorganic carbon.
The δ34S values of framboidal pyrite in the upper marine formation are low (−14 to −8‰ CDT), indicating a small extent of bacterial
seawater sulfate reduction, whereas those of euhedral-subhedral pyrite in the lower lignite-bearing arkose sandstone are high
(+10 to +43‰), implying a large extent of closed-system bacterial seawater sulfate reduction. The δ34S and δ13C data which deviate from a negative correlation line toward higher δ13C values suggest methanogenic CO2 production. During diagenesis of the lacustrine unit, large amounts of euhedral-subhedral pyrite were formed, facilitated
by extensive bacterial reduction of seawater sulfate with concomitant oxidation of organic matter, and by hydrolysis reactions
of organic matter, producing CH4 and CO2. Uranium minerals (coffinite and uraninite) were also formed at this stage by the reduction of U6+ to U4+. The conditions of diagenetic alteration within the lacustrine deposits and uranium mineralization is characterized by low
Eh in which nearly equal concentrations of CH4 and HCO3
− existed and reduced sulfur species (H2S, HS−) are predominant among aqueous sulfur species, whereas diagenetic alteration of the marine formations was characterized by
a predominance of SO4
2− among dissolved sulfur species. Modern groundwater in the lacustrine formation has a low Eh value (−335 mV). Estimated and
measured low Eh values of modern and ancient interstitial waters in lacustrine environments indicate that a reducing environment
in which U4+ is stable has been maintained since precipitation of uranium minerals.
Received: 9 February 1996 / Accepted: 11 April 1997 相似文献