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在2007年底至2008年初的枯水期间,系统采集了中国东部流域面积和径流量较大的33条河流沉积物、悬浮颗粒物和水样,采用等离子质谱法、X荧光光谱法等方法测定了14种稀土元素含量以及常量组分和水体pH值等理化指标。研究发现中国河流稀土元素浓度总体高于世界均值,且南方河流沉积物、悬浮物稀土元素含量高于北方河流,南方河流悬浮物态中稀土、重稀土呈现一定程度的相对富集,与我国上地壳稀土丰度和稀土矿产种类的南北分异相吻合。展示了以中国东部泥质岩稀土元素丰度标准化后的稀土配分模式及Ce、Eu异常特征,发现河流沉积物的中、重稀土元素相对富集,悬浮物轻稀土相对富集,溶解相重稀土富集的特征;北方河流溶解相稀土元素浓度明显大于南方河流,且除小清河外,溶解相Eu不同于沉积物与悬浮物而呈强烈的正异常,主要与河水理化性质影响下的稀土分异有关。研究发现小清河等少数河流沉积物中稀土元素为异常高值,经Al标准化处理、计算拟合剩余值后,认为小清河等河流稀土元素已受人为污染的影响。 相似文献
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包尔图铜矿床位于南天山库米什洋盆俯冲变质带的边缘,矿体受断裂构造控制。矿区围岩为一套中深变质岩,其稀土元素组成具有如下特征:∑REE较高,LREE/HREE=2.46～16.86,轻重稀土元素明显分异,且轻稀土相对富集,负铕异常,配分模式曲线向右倾斜。矿石的∑REE相对较低,LREE/HREE=0.06～0.97,轻重稀土元素明显分异,重稀土相对富集,配分曲线向左倾斜,与混合岩脉体的稀土元素配分模式相近。稀土元素组成特征指示矿床的成矿过程可能与混合岩化作用有关。结合矿床地质特征,认为包尔图铜矿床为变质热液型铜矿床。 相似文献
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贵州省地处世界岩溶发育最复杂、类型最齐全、分布面积最大的东亚岩溶区域中心, 也是我国碳酸盐岩分布面积最大、岩溶最发育的省区, 同时也是我国水土流失严重的地区之一。由于河水的地球化学反映了流域盆地的化学风化、气候和上地壳的化学组成的重要信息, 本工作对贵州喀斯特地区两条主要水系(乌江水系、沅江水系)河流的主要阴、阳离子和Sr2＋离子及锶同位素组成变化进行了系统研究, 对河水地球化学组成变化特征及其控制因素进行了解释。 贵州喀斯特地区两条主要水系河流的水化学组成代表了典型碳酸盐岩地区河流的相应化学组成, 显示了与世界主要河流不同的水化学特征, 反映了喀斯特环境地表化学风化作用的特点。 相似文献
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《地球化学》2017,(1)
碳酸盐岩化学风化对于大型水系以及海水的化学组成具有重要的影响。然而,当前对碳酸盐岩化学风化过程中元素的迁移特征及其控制机制的认识尚存一些争议。本文通过报道粤北地区的一个典型碳酸盐岩风化剖面的矿物组成和主元素、微量元素含量的变化特征,试图探讨碳酸盐岩化学风化过程的元素地球化学行为。结果显示,碱土金属Ca、Sr大量迁出剖面,这与碳酸钙的溶解直接相关;而其他碱金属-碱土金属元素则发生了不同程度的富集,可能归因于黏土矿物对这些元素的吸附;过渡金属元素也存在明显的富集现象,可能与Fe、Al的氧化物/氢氧化物对其的吸附有关。平均上地壳(UCC)标准化的稀土元素(REE)图解显示,相对新鲜的母岩,风化产物中的稀土元素发生了显著的富集与分异,同时伴随着Ce的显著负异常(δCe=0.30~0.84)。本剖面上REE的迁移和再分配主要受控于介质p H值的变化:在近中性的条件下,碳酸根离子可以和REE形成稳定的络合物,显著提高了REE迁移能力,并在碱性较强的层位之上富集和再分配。然而,由于重稀土元素(HREE)的原子半径小于轻稀土元素(LREE),造成HREE与碳酸根络合物的稳定性显著大于LREE,最终导致碳酸盐岩风化过程中HREE的富集程度明显超过LREE。 相似文献
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本文以赣南小流域水体为研究对象,利用VG Axiom高分辨多接受双聚焦等离子体质谱仪测定了水体中溶解态稀土元素(DREE)的含量,分析了水体中DREE的分布分异机制,并探讨了稀土元素(REE)产生分异的原因.结果表明,赣南所有的采样区水体中Ce都表现为负异常,说明其在风化壳中少活化.受自然风化作用控制为主的水体相对于页岩除Ce亏损、Eu富集外产生的分异很小,其中Eu的正异常源于Eu富集矿物的优先溶解;蒸发盐矿影响下的水体相对于自然作用为主的水体DREE没有发生明显分异;受稀土矿影响的水体中重稀土元素(HREE)富集、Eu负异常的分布模式继承了稀土矿区风化壳的特征;赣州市下游干流水体中中稀土元素(MREE)富集、Eu负异常的分布模式主要是人为影响的结果. 相似文献
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扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床稀土元素地球化学研究 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
马元铅锌矿床是近年来在扬子板块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。文章通过对马元铅锌矿床原生矿体中不同脉石矿物及矿区出露地层中稀土元素地球化学特征的研究,探讨了其成矿物质来源。马元矿区热液脉石矿物及出露的沉积地层稀土元素北美页岩标准化配分曲线总体呈比较平坦的特点,而且在Y-∑REE图解中呈线性分布,表明成矿物质主要来源于沉积地层。晚期方解石较早期热液白云石具有轻稀土元素总量高且相对富集的特点,表明二者是不同来源流体演化的结果。早期热液白云石在稀土元素总量(ΣREE)、轻、重稀土元素比值LREE/HREE以及在Y-∑REE图解上的分布等方面与灯影组白云岩比较接近,说明早期热液白云石主要来源于灯影组白云岩的溶解;而晚期方解石稀土元素总量明显高于灯影组白云岩而低于基底及古生代沉积碎屑岩系,晚期流体可能流经了具有高稀土元素总量的基底及沉积盆地中的碎屑岩系。矿区热液脉石矿物北美页岩标准化稀土元素配分曲线均显示出有较明显的Eu异常,表明成矿流体具有相对较高温(>200℃)和还原的环境。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7段发育优质烃源岩,通过对盆地西部盐56井长7段泥页岩系统取样及稀土元素室内测试分析,结果表明：盐56井长71、长72、长73段稀土元素总量较高,均明显高于北美页岩,∑LREE/∑HREE、LaN/YbN比值显示轻重稀土分异明显,REE配分模式为明显的轻稀土富集、重稀土平坦及显著 Eu负异常右倾形态。根据REE配分模式,表明长7段泥页岩物源来自上地壳岩石;根据长7段各小层较高 REE总量及Ceanom均大于-0.1,显示长7段沉积期气候温暖湿润且水体为还原环境,且长73沉积期气候更为湿润,水体还原性更强。 相似文献
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采用液-液萃取法,连续提取法和ICP-MS测试技术,对龙感湖不同季节水和颗粒物中稀土元素进行研究.结果表明,龙感湖的溶解态稀土含量极低,稀土总含量(ΣREE)在3.14～129.81ng/kg之间,且季节性变化明显.龙感湖溶解态稀土元素表现出平坦型的页岩配分模式,这是由于在草型湖泊中溶解态稀土主要以吸附在微细胶体上的形式存在,水粒相互作用在这个过程中起主要控制作用.悬浮物中的稀土含量顺序为:残渣态>>Fe-Mn结合态>>有机态和AEC态,颗粒物中稀土元素主要以残渣态形式存在.Fe-Mn结合态、有机态和AEC态的页岩配分模式为中稀土富集,残渣态的页岩配分模式为平坦型.这说明中稀土与轻重稀土相比具有更强的潜在地球化学活性,但在龙感湖的环境中的迁移能力相对轻重稀土来说较弱. 相似文献
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贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床稀土元素地球化学研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床进行的稀土元素及微量元素分析结果表明,磷块岩中普遍富集稀土元素,含稀土总量∑REE较高,并富集Y、La、Nd等重稀土及轻稀土元素.LREE/HREE比值较高,但低于上部围岩之值.含稀土磷块岩普遍具Ce的负异常,显示其对源区的继承性,也指示成磷环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态.稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式曲线、北美页岩标准化模式曲线、Ce元素异常、LREE/HREE比值、微量元素特征及岩石矿物特征表明,织金新华含稀土磷矿床具以正常海相生物-化学沉积等为主伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征.文中讨论了含稀土磷块岩氧化矿石中稀土元素的迁移富集规律及特征. 相似文献
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Dissolved rare earth elements in river waters draining karst terrains in Guizhou Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Winter seasonal concentrations of dissolved rare earth elements (REE) of two major river systems (the Wujiang River system
and the Yuanjiang River system) in karst-dominated regions in winter were measured by using a method involving solvent extraction
and back-extraction and subsequent ICP-MS measurements. The dissolved REE concentrations in the rivers and their tributaries
are lower than those in most of the large rivers in the world. High pH and high cation (i.e., Na+ + Ca2+) concentrations of the rivers are the most important factors controlling the concentrations of dissolved REE in the river
water.
The dissolved load (<0.22 μm) REE distribution patterns of high-pH river waters are very different from those of low-pH river
waters. The shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved loads are characterized by light REE-enrichment and heavy
REE-enrichment. Water in the upper reaches of the Wujiang River generally shows light REE-enriched patterns, while that in
the middle and lower reaches generally shows heavy REE-enriched patterns. The Yuanjiang River is heavy REE enriched with respect
to the light REE in the same samples. Water of the Wuyanghe River draining dolomite-dominated terrains has the highest heavy
REE-enrichment. Most river water samples show the shale-normalized REE patterns with negative Ce and Eu anomalies, especially
water from Wuyanghe River. Y/Ho ratios show that the water/particle interaction might have played an important role in fractionation
between HREE and LREE. 相似文献
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Rare Earth Element Patterns in the Karst Terrains of Guizhou Province, China: Implication for Water/Particle Interaction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The authors determine the concentrations of dissolved (<0.22 μm) rare earth elements (REE) and suspended particulate matter
(SPM) of typical karst rivers in Guizhou Province, China during the high-flow period. The concentrations of acid-soluble REE
extracted from SPM using diluted hydrochloric acid are also obtained to investigate water/particle interaction in the river
water. The dissolved REE contents in the river water are extremely low in the rivers of the study. The dissolved REE distribution
patterns normalized by the Post Archean Australia Shale (PAAS) in the karst rivers are not flat, show slight enrichment of
heavy REE to light REE, and also have significant negative Ce and Eu anomalies. The acid-soluble REE appears to have similar
distribution patterns as characterized by MREE enrichment and slight LREE depletion, with unremarkable Ce and Eu anomalies.
The PAAS-normalized REE distribution patterns of SPM are flat with negative Eu anomalies. The contents and distribution patterns
of REE in the SPM are closely related to the lithological character of the source rocks. The SPM contains almost all the REE
produced in the process of surficial weathering. This demonstrates that particle-hosted REE are the most important form of
REE occurrence. REE fractionation, which takes place during weathering and transport, leads to an obvious HREE enrichment
in the dissolved loads relative to the SPM. Y/Ho ratio can be used to shed light on REE behaviors during water/particle interaction. 相似文献
13.
Rare earth elements (REE) of dissolved and suspended loads in the Xijiang River, South China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Xijiang River is the main channel of the Zhujiang (Pearl River), the second largest river in China in terms of water discharge, and flows through one of the largest carbonate provinces in the world. The rare earth element (REE) concentrations of the dissolved load and the suspended particulate matter (SPM) load were measured in the Xijiang River system during the high-flow season. The low dissolved REE concentration in the Xijiang River is attributed to the interaction of high pH and low DOC concentration. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved load show some common features: negative Ce anomaly, progressively heavy REE (HREE) enrichment relative to light REE (LREE). Similar to the world’s major rivers the absolute concentration of the dissolved REE in the Xijiang River are mainly pH controlled. The degree of REE partitioning between the dissolved load and SPM load is also strongly pH dependent. The negative Ce anomaly is progressively developed with increasing pH, being consistent with the oxidation of Ce (III) to Ce (IV) in the alkaline river waters, and the lack of Ce anomalies in several DOC-rich waters is presumably due to both Ce (III) and Ce (IV) being strongly bound by organic matter. The PAAS-normalized REE patterns for the dissolved load and the SPM load in rivers draining the carbonate rock area exhibit middle REE (MREE) enrichment and a distinct maximum at Eu, indicating the preferential dissolution of phosphatic minerals during weathering of host lithologies. Compared to the Xijiang River waters, the MREE enrichment with a maximum at Eu disappeared and light REE were more depleted in the South China Sea (SCS) waters, suggesting that the REE sourced from the Xijiang River must be further fractionated and modified on entering the SCS. The river fluxes of individual dissolved REE introduced by the Xijiang River into the SCS vary from 0.04 to 4.36 × 104 mol a−1. 相似文献
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贵州喀斯特地区河流的研究--碳酸盐岩溶解控制的水文地球化学特征 总被引：41，自引：1，他引：40
测量了喀斯特地区乌江、沅江两大水系的河流枯水期的主元素、Sr2+离子浓度和Sr同位素比值。这些河流的化学组成代表了流经碳酸盐岩地层的河水的化学组成。这些河流及其支流有高的溶解盐,TZ+变化范围为：2.1～6.3 meq/L,高于全球河流的平均值(TZ+=0.725 meq/L)。河水含有较高的溶质浓度,河水水化学组成以Ca2+和HCO-3为主,其次为Mg2+和SO2-4,Na++K+和Cl-+Si分别只占阳离子和阴离子组成的5%～10%。
这些河流的化学和同位素组成主要受其自流盆地的地质特征控制。流经碳酸盐岩地层的乌江水系河流具有较高的Sr浓度（1.1～9.70 mol/L）和较低的87Sr/86Sr比值（0.7077～0.7110）,与流经碎屑岩地层的沅江水系的清水江河流中较高的87Sr/86Sr比值（0.7090～0.7145）及较低的Sr浓度（0.28～1.32 mol/L）形成鲜明的对比。
流域盆地的地理岩性控制了河水的化学组成和同位素组成。对河水的化学计量分析表明河水化学组成受碳酸盐岩溶解控制,而碳酸盐岩主要受碳酸和硫酸作用而溶解。乌江流域受硫酸作用特别明显,表明硫酸主要来源于燃煤或流域盆地硫化物矿物氧化而形成的大气输入。化学元素和同位素比值之间的相互关系表明3个主要来源为：石灰岩、白云岩和硅酸盐岩的风化。同时估计了碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩的化学风化速率,结果表明流域盆地的碳酸盐岩风化速率远远高于许多世界大河。岩石风化过程中硫酸的出现或土地的过度使用或土壤植被的退化等都可能是导致流域的碳酸盐岩风化速率如此高的原因。 相似文献
15.
The aquatic chemistry of rare earth elements in rivers and estuaries 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Edward R. Sholkovitz 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1995,1(1):1-34
Laboratory experiments were carried out to determine how pH, colloids and salinity control the fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) in river and estuarine waters. By using natural waters as the reaction media (river water from the Connecticut, Hudson and Mississippi Rivers) geochemical reactions can be studied in isolation from the large temporal and spatial variability inherent in river and estuarine chemistry. Experiments, field studies and chemical models form a consistent picture whereby REE fractionation is controlled by surface/solution reactions. The concentration and fractionation of REEs dissolved in river waters are highly pH dependent. Higher pH results in lower concentrations and more fractionated composition relative to the crustal abundance. With increasing pH the order of REE adsorption onto river particle surfaces is LREEs > MREEs > HREEs. With decreasing pH, REEs are released from surfaces in the same order. Within the dissolved (<0.22 µm) pool of river waters, Fe-organic colloids are major carriers of REEs. Filtration through filters and ultrafilters with progressively finer pore sizes results in filtrates which are lower in absolute concentrations and more fractionated. The order of fractionation with respect to shale, HREEs > MREEs > LREEs, is most pronounced in the solution pool, defined here as <5K and <50K ultrafiltrates. Colloidal particles have shale-like REE compositions and are highly LREE enriched relative to the REE composition of the dissolved and solution pools. The addition of sea water to river water causes the coagulation of colloidal REEs within the dissolved pool. Fractionation accompanies coagulation with the order of sea water-induced removal being LREEs > MREEs > HREEs. While the large scale removal of dissolved river REEs in estuaries is well established, the release of dissolved REEs off river particles is a less studied process. Laboratory experiments show that there is both release and fractionation of REEs when river particles are leached with seawater. The order of sea water-induced release of dissolved REE(III) (LREEs > MREEs > HREEs) from Connecticut River particles is the same as that associated with lowering the pH and the same as that associated with colloidal particles. River waters, stripped of their colloidal particles by coagulation in estuaries, have highly evolved REE composition. That is, the solution pool of REEs in river waters are strongly HREE-enriched and are fractionated to the same extent as that of Atlantic surface seawater. This strengthens the conclusions of previous studies that the evolved REE composition of sea water is coupled to chemical weathering on the continents and reactions in estuaries. Moreover, the release of dissolved Nd from river particles to sea water may help to reconcile the incompatibility between the long oceanic residence times of Nd (7100 yr) and the inter-ocean variations of the Nd isotopic composition of sea water. Using new data on dissolved and particle phases of the Amazon and Mississippi Rivers, a comparison of field and laboratory experiments highlights key features of REE fractionation in major river systems. The dissolved pool of both rivers is highly fractionated (HREE enriched) with respect to the REE composition of their suspended particles. In addition, the dissolved pool of the Mississippi River has a large negative Ce-anomaly suggesting in-situ oxidation of Ce(III). One intriguing feature is the well developed maximum in the middle REE sector of the shale normalized patterns for the dissolved pool of Amazon River water. This feature might reflect competition between surface adsorption and solution complexation with carbonate and phosphate anions. 相似文献
16.
The fractionation of rare earth elements (REE) was evaluated under the conditions of natural acidic water mixing with fresh
and sea waters using the example of unique objects on Kunashir Island (the Kislaya and Lesnaya rivers). It was shown that
the concentrations and fractionation of REE in the water types considered are diverse and controlled by a number of factors.
The concentrations of dissolved REE normalized to the North American Shale Composite show an increase from the light to the
heavy REE, which reflects both the character of the REE input with the thermal waters and the more active sorption of the
light REE and their preferential removal to suspended solids. This is supported by the similar REE patterns in the suspended
matter of the Kislaya River. The mixing of the waters of the Kislaya and Lesnaya rivers, which are assigned to different chemical
types, is accompanied by active REE coprecipitation with Fe, Al, and Mn oxides and the more extensive removal of the light
REE compared with the heavy REE. During acidic water mixing with seawater, more than 80% of the REE were precipitated at a
salinity of 8‰. 相似文献
17.
以金沙江石鼓-巧家河段与川江宜宾-重庆丰都河段的阶地堆积物物质成分变化为着眼点研究了长江上游水系变迁。分河段对阶地堆积物重矿物成分进行时空对比后发现,金沙江下段沿岸各地的高位阶地重矿物成分差异较大,说明当时该地区尚未有贯通的金沙江,而可能是独立的小水系。白汉场、剑川、漾濞、元江等地古河谷堆积物样品重矿物成分的相似说明古金沙江可能是在石鼓、鸿文附近向南经过白汉场-剑川-漾濞盆地入红河的。川江各处高位阶地重矿物成分的差异说明当时该地区也存在分散的水系。金沙江下段以及川江贯通之后汇水东流,现代长江上游水系格局形成,并发育了重矿物成分相近的低阶地。 相似文献
18.
Thirty-eight sediment samples from 15 primary rivers on Taiwan were retrieved to characterize the rare earth element (REE) signature of fluvial fine sediment sources. Compared to the three large rivers on the Chinese mainland, distinct differences were observed in the REE contents, upper continental crust normalized patterns and fractionation factors of the sediment samples. The average REE concentrations of the Taiwanese river sediments are higher than those of the Changjiang and Huanghe, but lower than the Zhujiang. Light rare earth elements (LREEs) are enriched relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) with ratios from 7.48 to 13.03. We found that the variations in (La/Lu)UCC–(Gd/Lu)UCC and (La/Yb)UCC–(Gd/Yb)UCC are good proxies for tracing the source sediments of Taiwanese and Chinese rivers due to their distinguishable values. Our analyses indicate that the REE compositions of Taiwanese river sediments were primarily determined by the properties of the bedrock, and the intensity of chemical weathering in the drainage areas. The relatively high relief and heavy rainfall also have caused the REEs in the fluvial sediments from Taiwan to be transported to the estuaries down rivers from the mountains, and in turn delivered nearly coincidently to the adjacent seas by currents and waves. Our studies suggest that the REE patterns of the river sediments from Taiwan are distinguishable from those from the other sources of sediments transported into the adjacent seas, and therefore are useful proxies for tracing the provenances and dispersal patterns of sediments, as well as paleoenvironmental changes in the marginal seas. 相似文献