共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
D. F. Juang Ph.D. C. H. Lee Ph.D. T. Yang Ph.D. M. C. Chang M. D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):705-716
The objectives of this study are to investigate the levels of noise pollution in some hospitals in Taiwan and to study the effects of noise pollution on the physiological and psychological reactions and annoyance response of medical care staff, patients and visitors in these hospitals. An instrument for the measurement of sound level was used and a self-answered survey questionnaire on noise pollution was administered. Results showed that the daily average sound levels measured inside these hospitals during daytime were between 52.6 and 64.6 decibels. These are higher than the current daytime environmental noise limit of 50 decibels in Taiwan. Most nursing staff members expressed that “talking of visitors or patient’s family members” is the major source of noise inside the wards, whereas “talking of visitors or patient’s family members” and “children playing” are the two major noise sources outside the wards. However, most patients or visitors claimed that “doors opening or closing” and “patients moaning or crying” are the two major sources of noise inside the wards. “Footsteps,” “renovation of hospitals,” “talking of visitors or patient’s family members,” “shouting of nursing staff” and “doors opening or closing” are the five major noise sources outside the wards. To conclude, noise pollution inside and outside the wards either directly or indirectly affects, in a simultaneous manner, the subjective perception of noise, emotions, physiology and experience of noise inside and outside the wards of both the medical care staff and the patients and visitors. 相似文献
2.
Environments characterized by fluctuating hypersaline to fresh-water conditions are defined as “schizohaline” and examples are given of situations in which “schizohaline” environments can arise. Fabrics diagnostic for the occurrence of both hyper- and hyposalinity have been recorded in Late Paleozoic rocks from Bear Island (74°30′N, 19°E): evaporite nodules, length-slow chalcedony and very finely crystalline penecontemporaneous dolomite are considered as indicators of hypersaline conditions while euhedral limpid dolomite crystals, coarse poikilitic sparry calcite and microspar calcite are thought to have originated under the hyposaline regime. Zoned dolomite crystals and euhedral crystals of authigenic mega-quartz replacing sulphates have also been recorded in the same rocks; their diagnostic importance for the schizohaline environment is, however, uncertain.Internal structural pores of some crinoid and bryozoan skeletal grains of biosparites from Bear Island are either empty or infilled with very finely crystalline dolomite. Expulsion of Mg2+ ions from the magnesian-calcite skeletons and either: (1) “poisoning” of the micro-environment of the pores; or (2) formation of stagnant “micro-sabkha” conditions in the pores are proposed as an explanation for these phenomena. 相似文献
3.
为解决矿井水灾事故应急快速反应、高效决策的现场需求，针对矿井水灾事故的不确定性、复杂性和紧迫性等特点，运用多案例分析法，解析了11起典型矿井水灾事故，提出了判别“情景”和事故“情景”两个关键概念，定义了集合{突水水源，突水通道，采掘方式，出水量，淹没范围，生存空间}为矿井水灾事故的情景，并运用AHP分析法计算了6个情景要素各自的权重。确立了“情景-应对”应用在矿井水灾应急决策领域的实现途径，详细阐述了构建情景库、案例库、对策库的方法以及“情景-应对”型矿井水灾应急决策方案的生成过程，并提出了以“黄金72小时” “8天8夜”为时间节点的多阶段矿井水灾事故应急决策机制，案例推演应用表明，该应急决策机制不仅规范了事故应急流程，而且实现了精准、快速、高效的目标。 相似文献
4.
Structure and components for the emergency response and warning system on Turtle Mountain,Alberta, Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Since 2003, a series of over eighty sensors has been installed at Turtle Mountain, site of the 1903 Frank Slide. The purpose of these instruments is to both characterize and provide warning for a second large rock avalanche from the eastern face of the mountain, where various unstable masses have been identified. Although studies continue on the mountain to better understand the deformation patterns and interpretations of the slope kinematics, significant effort has been expended to develop a structure for the warning and emergency response that clearly outlines not only responsibilities and communications protocols during an emergency, but also day-to-day operational responses and procedures to ensure that the system remains operational. From a day-to-day operational perspective, a systematic and repeatable set of procedures is required in order to ensure that not only are data trends reviewed and reported on, but scheduled checks of system functionality are undertaken. An internal Roles and Responsibilities Manual has been developed to clearly outline responsibilities for geoengineering, information technology (IT), and management staff to ensure that system checks are completed and that support is in place on a 24/7 basis should components of the system cease to operate properly or should unacceptable deformations require review. In addition to that, a clear and concise troubleshooting manual has been developed. This document provides simple diagnoses of problems within the system and a clear roadmap of how to fix each component. From a warning and emergency response perspective, a series of color-coded alert conditions has been developed should unacceptable deformations be observed. At each alert level, clear responsibilities for actions and communications have been identified for geoengineering staff, provincial emergency management authorities, municipal officials, and first responders. This has been documented in the emergency response protocol. All documents described here are “living” documents that are updated on a regular basis as changes to the system are made. An annual mock warning exercise has been developed and run in order to test responses to a hypothetical emergency and generate updates to the system documentation. 相似文献
5.
The complete thermodynamically consistent turbulent closure models of isochoric and isothermal dry granular dense flows with incompressible grains and weak turbulent intensity are established on the basis of a linearized theory with respect to the granular coldness for the dynamic responses of the closure conditions. The models are applied to study a gravity-driven stationary turbulent flow down an inclined moving plane, and the numerical simulations are compared with the experimental outcomes. It shows that while the mean velocity decreases monotonically from its boundary value on the moving plane toward the free surface, the mean porosity and granular coldness display more “exponential-like” increasing/decreasing tendencies. Of particular interest is that the granular coldness evolves from its maximum value on the moving plane toward its minimum value on the free surface, leading to the turbulent dissipation evolving in a similar manner, while the turbulent kinetic energy demonstrate a reverse tendency. The obtained results show good agreements to the experimental outcomes and are similar to the characteristics of conventional Newtonian fluids in turbulent shear flows. 相似文献
6.
Engineering geology, in 1996, worldwide, was experiencing considerable turmoil due to the uncertain nature of national economies and the general situation of inadequate funds to meet the demands of failing of the national infrastructures that serve citizens. Aside from the previously war-damaged cities of Western Europe, new public service systems of transportation and utilities elsewhere often lagged well behind growth.
It will be some time before international aid and civil engineering contracts are initiated for anything other than humanitarian and basic emergency aid work in these areas.
Many countries in the western hemisphere, eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and developing nations in particular are still in need of basic water and sewage services as well as repair and replacement of old existing systems. Continued partisan warfare in the Balkan states of Albania, Bosnia, Croatia and Serbia forecast the eventual need for redevelopment. Rumblings of broad-scale economic problems in Far-Eastern economies did little to make overseas contract opportunities in these areas very attractive.
Large consulting firms were challenged by an increasing number of individual and small practices who are prepared to operate on 1970's rates and prices for services and government and industry was taking advantage of that situation. More and more individuals were offering services in engineering geology and associated engineering fields and there was a sense of not having enough work to go around. Hence, price competition was again being promoted. Consequently in both Europe and the Americas, the variability of competence was enlarging and a significant amount of so-called ‘professional ’ work was lacking in overall quality. This was especially evident in ‘Environmental’ areas of work.
This begs the question: ‘Is not engineering geology, or any other aspect of applied geosciences, not environmental in nature and essence, fundamentally and in entirety?’
Environmental restoration demands were still being made by governments, but the pressure to complete such work was being relaxed on account of economics. Our clients were asking for more service at lower fees. Clients were still largely unwilling to openly acknowledge that less money spent on competent engineering geologic consultation means that more risk should be accepted by the owner or operator of projects. 相似文献
7.
S. I. Demidova M. A. Nazarov M. O. Anosova Yu. A. Kostitsyn Th. Ntaflos F. Brandstaetter 《Petrology》2014,22(1):1-16
Dhofar 1442 is one of the few lunar KREEP-rich meteorites, which contains KREEP norites and KREEP gabbronorite as well as low-Ti basalts and highly evolved granophyres. Zircon is a typical accessory mineral of KREEP rocks. U-Th-Pb dates of 12 zircon grains (four of them were in two lithic clasts, and the others were fragments in the meteorite matrix) indicate that the zircons belong to at least two groups of different age: “ancient” (～4.31 Ga) and “young” (～3.95 Ga), which correspond to two major pulses of KREEP magmatism in the source region of the Dhofar 1442 meteorite. The zircon of the “young” group was most probably related to the crater ejecta of the Mare Imbrium Basin. The rock fragments dated at approximately 3.95 Ga have the composition of KREEP gabbronorite. The parental rocks of the zircon of the “ancient” group in the Dhofar 1442 meteorite are uncertain and could be highly evolved granophyres. This hypothesis is supported by the high Th (100–300 ppm) and U (150–400 ppm) contents. These zircon fragments of the “ancient” group, higher than in the “young” group (<50 ppm Th and <70 ppm U) and are typical of zircon from lunar granitic rocks. The composition of the products of KREEP magmatism in the source region of the Dhofar 1442 meteorite could vary from predominantly granitic to KREEP gabbronoritic at 4.3–3.9 Ga. 相似文献
8.
Rita Sousa Karim S. Karam Ana Laura Costa 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2017,11(1):129-145
ABSTRACTThe paper presents methodologies for exploration planning under uncertain conditions based on virtual exploration and Bayesian updating. The process starts with site characterization using existing information to produce geologic profiles. Initial distributions of cost and time are obtained with a Bayesian network model that optimizes the construction strategy for particular geologic conditions. This is followed by the unique step to determine with a “virtual exploration” if additional exploration (e.g. borings) is warranted, and if so, where it should be best done. All this is then applied to the planned Abu Dhabi subway tunnels providing the transportation planners with necessary information for planning and design. 相似文献
9.
《地学前缘》2006,(4)
This issue of Earth Science FrontiersZENG Hualin,Consultant for Earth Science FrontiersThe theme of the issues 4 and 5 of Earth Science Frontiers is“Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau”.There are 22 papers dealing withthis themeinthisissueincluding 20 papersin Chinese with English ab-stract and 2 papers in English. The other 3 papers deal with tectonics and energy resources .XU Zhi-qin et al .suggest that the Qinghai-Tibetplateau, a huge collisional orogenic collage , wasformed … 相似文献
10.
关于深海锰结核中“纳米级超微生物化石”的思考和建议 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文对最近从东太平洋深海锰结核中发现的“纳米级超微生物化石”提出不同看法,并对今后研究工作提出了建议。由于太平洋螺旋孢菌和中华微放线菌在形态构造上存在多解性,它们的生物性和亲缘关系还有待进一步确认。 相似文献
11.
A national satelite telecommunication model, which can be started by using Arabsat, was proposed to overcome the self-limiting
geographical barrier and the maldistribution of clinical resources in the Kingdom. A national medical and phrmaceutical survey
performed by the King Saud University showed an overwhelming acceptance of telemedicine (95.2%), telepharmaceutical (97%),
telediagnosis (95.4%), urgent teleconsultation (for urgent operations) (74.5%) and for linking ambulance with hospitals (85.1%),
continuing education via Arabsat (for physicians) (88.9%), medical technical staff (96.5%), pharmacists (75%) and public (91.5%),
commercial marketing computer link for drug product and medical supply (92%) and centralizing Drug and Poison Information
Centre (DPIC) (to provide information on drug interaction) (96%), drug substitution (92.5%) of novel and delivery systems
(90.5%). Implementation of both telemedicine and telepharmaceutical services shall have an implication on improving the competency
of medical staff, better health-care impact on citizen and better utilization of medical resources. 相似文献
12.
《Geoforum》2016
This paper chronicles the rhetorical mechanisms that fostered a potentially radical re-thinking of water rights and property in a most unlikely place: the libertarian Western U.S., and mobilized by the least likely of actors: state officials. There is growing interest, in geography and beyond, in the question of what constitutes the “properly political” in contexts where dissent is actively forestalled by those with power. Much has been written about the “properly political” as the disruption of the established order by previously excluded actors. Comparatively less research, however, has focused on the “conditions of possibility” that might exist within ostensibly “post-political” governing arenas. This paper deepens our understanding of this by examining a participatory water planning group in Montana, which was convened by the state to develop recommendations for a new state water plan. The group was inspired by an alternative drought-management model called “shared giving.” Imbued with principles of “collectivism” and “equality,” the model was strategically (and necessarily) promoted through the discursive shell of the existing prior appropriation system. This was accomplished not by an oppositional force of marginalized actors, but state officials that are rarely, if ever, deemed “disruptive,” and through tactics that are best characterized as post-political. We interpret this case as reflecting a hybrid governing assemblage that highlights both post-political closure and transformative possibilities simultaneously, and conclude by suggesting that the post-political concept, itself, risks foreclosing on conditions whereby fruitful outcomes might become possible from within established governing frameworks otherwise written-off as post-political. 相似文献
13.
Liquefaction potential (LP) assessment plays a significant role in damages due to earthquake. The spirit underlying the present work is the evaluation of LP by correlating most significant parameters reflecting the dynamic response of soil with actual field behavior wherein an attempt of integrating the effect of dynamic soil properties and ground motion parameters simulating the actual site conditions is being made. Accordingly, a dynamic response–based Elementary Empirical Liquefaction Model (EELM) is proposed by processing a total of 314 reported case records covering a wide range of parameters demarcating “yes” and “no” zones of liquefaction. The method to develop the EELM essentially consists of evaluation of liquefaction potential, defining functional form of EELM representing dynamic response of soil to earthquake shaking, collection of data, computation of model parameters and formulation followed by validation of the model. The proposed empirical model though in fundamental form is found to perform fairly well resulting into an overall success rate of 86 % for both liquefaction and non-liquefaction points with significantly high success rate of 98 % for liquefied cases. Comparison of predictive performance of the proposed EELM with other approaches shows higher efficiency and thus signifies the theme of employing integrated approach. 相似文献
14.
A “straight-wire” flow-through magnetic ore separator has been designed, built, and successfully used to separate magnetite from synthetic slurries. The purpose of these experiments was to simulate the field profile of a “straight-wire” superconducting magnetic separator which would be capable of separating weakly-magnetic hematite ore from typical slurries. Magnetite is used as the test mineral because it experiences the same magnetic forces at low field as does hematite at high field; thereby making possible less expensive low-field simulation.The present separator concept is based on the fact that there is a particle concentration profile due to the gravity field for low-velocity turbulent flow. When an upward magnetic force is applied, the concentration profile of magnetic particles can be reversed leaving the nonmagnetic particles flowing alone at the bottom of the channel. By means of a divider at the end of the channel, the concentrate is separated from the tailings. It is shown that the time needed to deflect hematite particles in a narrow cylindrical channel concentric with the superconducting wire is small enough so that high throughputs in the turbulent flow region are possible. In the case of a high-field superconducting separator, the centrifugal force could replace gravity by rotating the flow around a straight-wire conductor. 相似文献
15.
2017年8月25日云南彝良县两河镇坪子村发生突发性滑坡,堆积体堵塞河道并形成两个堰塞湖。通过对滑坡现场进行详细的地质调查,结合无人机航拍手段,分析了滑坡成因及运动特征。结果表明:彝良坪子滑坡是在降雨不断渗流、孔隙水压力不断增大的作用下,岩土水理性质发生根本性变化,使得滑坡右侧顺层滑移,左侧沿断层带发生侧向剪切滑移,整体发生“楔形体”滑动,属典型的顺层平推式滑坡;“滑坡埂”的剪断是造成滑体骤然剧滑的根本,也是滑体中下部没有完全解体且保持一定结构特征的原因之一;滑坡经历了三次滑动,整个运动过程可概括为右侧顺层滑移—左侧“剪切滑移”—“滑坡埂”剪断、滑坡整体下滑—滑体“紧急刹车”以及堆积体“多次叠加堆积”。 相似文献
16.
《Geoforum》2016
Guatemalan protected areas have been sites for genocidal massacres, drug trafficking landing strips, and remilitarized “states of emergency,” but these activities are rarely considered in relation to conservation practices. This paper employs a political ecology approach to analyze interpellations of transboundary spaces as security threats, arguing that threat narratives produce insecurity in conservation spaces. Instead of assuming the primacy of neoliberalism in producing protected areas as sites of violence in the service of capitalism, the analysis traces the changing meanings of security in relation to Guatemala’s borderlands, from Cold War National Security Doctrine to discourses of citizen security in the twenty-first century Drug War. It is in the unmanned “blind passes” (pasos ciegos) of the Guatemalan–Mexican border, rendered as insecure spaces through the state’s putative absence, that policing paradoxically seeks to ensure “citizen security” through violence. 相似文献
17.
在高倍(＞50000x)扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子显微镜(AFM)或透射电子显微镜(TEM)下,那些在岩石和矿物中所见到的纳米级别的物体常常吸引了地质学家们的注意.这些物体大小在25～300 nm之间,多呈球状、棒状或卵圆状;对这些物体的成因,存在不同的看法而导致了剧烈的争论.因为这些物体与真菌中的球菌和杆菌总体相... 相似文献
18.
With the increasing occurrence of disasters, how to respond to disasters has attracted a lot of interest. However, a systematic study of emergency response in disasters (ER) has been ignored. Based on the bibliometric analysis and visualization of 3678 journal articles (1970–2019) related to ER from the Web of Science, the current research situation in the field of ER has been studied. The important research questions and trends in the field of ER have been identified. In this study, the VOSviewer software is used to visually analyze publications about ER. Specifically, the most influential journals and authors, highly cited publications, authoritative research institutions, and co-citation are identified in this study. Moreover, the Ucinet software is applied to analyze the social network of 45 high-frequency keywords and the Citespace software is used to study the keyword citation bursts. The results show that the keywords “optimization” and “demand” are the most popular research interests. Besides, four main research topics on ER are summarized, which are emergency supplies and facility-related research, emergency preparedness and security-related research, emergency decision system-related research, and emergency medical rescue and cure-related research. Finally, this study puts forward the research work that should be paid attention to in the future according to different research topics, which can help researchers to understand the ER research progress systematically and focus on emerging research questions.
相似文献19.
煤矿安全培训和应急演练是预防灾害事故发生的有效措施,但现阶段面临着培训内容枯燥乏味,演练重“演”轻“练”、形式主义等问题。元宇宙技术充分结合了VR、AR、3D、区块链、物联网、AI、数字孪生等技术,在煤矿安全培训和应急演练中具有直观、交互性强和知识转化率高等特点,可很好地解决培训单调枯燥、演练走过场的问题。虽然元宇宙从硬件、软件到各种配套设施产品日趋成熟,目前仍面临着VR设备单一,三维模型仿真度低以及仿真模拟算法落后的问题。但随着智慧矿山的不断推进,元宇宙技术的不断发展,本技术终将为煤矿及非煤矿山的安全培训和应急演练提供一个新的途径。 相似文献
20.
Robin W. Dennell María Martinón-Torres José M. Bermúdez de Castro 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(11-12):1511-1524
We propose a population model for Middle Pleistocene Europe that is based on demographic “sources” and “sinks”. The former were a small number of “core” or populations in glacial refugia in southern Europe from which hominins expanded northwards in interstadial and interglacial periods; occupation outside glacial refugia would have been restricted to warm or temperate periods, and populations at the northern limit of the Middle Pleistocene range would have been “sink” populations in that they depended upon recruitment from source populations further south. Southwest Asia would also have been a likely source of immigrant, source populations. We argue as an alternative to an “ebb and flow” model in which groups retreated to refugia when conditions worsened that local extinction outside refugia would have been frequent. In extreme situations, Europe may have been a population “sink” (i.e. unpopulated) that was replenished from source populations in Southwest Asia. We suggest that this pattern of repeated colonisation and extinction may help explain the morphological variability of European Middle Pleistocene hominins, particularly Homo heidelbergensis and its apparent non-lineal evolution towards Homo neanderthalensis. 相似文献