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1.
以苏州古城区内的河道为研究对象,采用静态培养的方式,研究了上覆水体不同富营养化程度对底泥中P释放/吸附的影响。研究结果表明:截断外源污染后,苏州河道底泥对水体中营养盐P呈现吸收状态;随着上覆水体磷酸盐浓度的增大,单位面积底泥累积吸收的磷酸盐就越多;上覆水与底泥比值越大,底泥对P的吸附率有减小的趋势。  相似文献   

2.
苏州城市河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附与释放特征   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
为了探讨苏州古城区河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附-释放特征,文中分别从改变上覆水的pH值、底泥吸附-释放动力学和等温吸附实验三个方面进行了研究。结果表明:(1)随着上覆水pH值的增大,苏州河道底泥对磷的吸附量逐渐减小;(2)底泥对磷的吸附过程是一个复合动力学过程,通常包括快吸附和慢吸附两个过程。底泥对磷的快速吸附在2h内快速进行,之后为慢吸附过程,到6h左右,基本达到一种动态吸附平衡;底泥对磷释放的动力学过程也包括快释放和慢释放过程。底泥释放磷在1·5h内快速进行,之后进入慢释放过程,磷酸盐含量基本稳定,达到释放平衡;(3)底泥具有较大的吸附磷的能力。随着上覆水的磷酸盐浓度增高,底泥吸附磷酸盐的量也增加。上覆水与底泥的比值越大,底泥对磷的吸附率越小。  相似文献   

3.
为了解上覆水体中溶解氧水平对底泥释放磷的影响,采用室内静态模拟的方法,控制在无外源污染的情况下,模拟水体的三种溶解氧水平范围,好氧、厌氧和自然状况,研究不同的溶解氧水平对底泥释放或吸附营养盐的影响。研究结果表明,溶解氧小于0.5mg/L的厌氧状况能加速底泥中磷的释放,溶解氧大于5.0mg/L的好氧状况则抑制底泥中磷的释放。因此要提高水质,降低内源负荷(底泥中)磷的释放,应该控制水体中的各种耗氧物,提高水体的溶解氧水平。  相似文献   

4.
城市重污染河道环境因子对底质氮释放影响   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
以苏州市古城区劣Ⅴ类水体为研究对象,利用模拟试验方法,研究和探讨了水体环境条件(DO、Eh、pH值、温度)变化和疏浚深度对河道底泥氮释放的影响.底泥供试样中NH4+-N与NO3--N含量一般为0.277 g/kg与0.0012g/kg,上覆水体NH4+-N与NO3--N含量一般为6.743 mg/L与1.500 mg/L.试验结果表明:厌氧环境(DO<0.5 mg/L)、强还原环境(Eh<-108 mV)、酸性环境(pH<6.0)及温度升高均有利于底泥中NH4+-N的释放,NO3--N的迁移转化规律则相反;供试样控制疏浚深度5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm,当疏浚深度15 cm时,泥-水界面向上覆水体中扩散的氮通量最小;疏浚深度、DO和Eh对底泥NH4+-N释放程度的影响大于pH和温度,通过曝气等方式保持水体中适当的溶解氧或使底泥保持较强的氧化电位环境可以有效抑制底泥中NH4+-N的释放.  相似文献   

5.
底泥原地稳定化过程中药剂对上覆水体的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
采用底泥原地稳定化处理技术中的药剂投加方法,对苏州河底泥中投加零价铁(Fe0)、硝酸钙的上覆水体进行为期80 d研究比较.结果表明:投加Fe0后上覆水体的溶解氧(DO)被迅速消耗,体系易形成厌氧环境,而硝酸钙则减缓了上覆水体DO的消耗;投加零价铁或硝酸钙后都会使上覆水体的pH升高,Eh下降;投加Fe0后对上覆水体CODCr或TOC的影响较硝酸钙小;此外,两者上覆水体DO、pH和Eh与CODCr和TOC之间均具有一定的相关性.  相似文献   

6.
泥沙污染物起动再悬浮释放机理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
底泥再悬浮时,颗粒和孔隙水会交替影响底泥污染物的释放通量。通过循环水槽实验,分别以氯化钠和磷来代表典型的非吸附性污染物和吸附性污染物,研究了再悬浮颗粒和孔隙水释放污染物的不同特征。研究表明,再悬浮磷的释放对底面切应力的反应要比氯化钠迟缓,但前者释放通量要比后者大。恒定水流下底泥再悬浮污染物释放过程可以分为两个显著阶段:起动初期2 h内,颗粒和孔隙水共同作用,两者对上覆水体中水溶性污染物的贡献之比最高为3:1,此时悬浮颗粒处于解吸污染物状态;2 h后,悬浮颗粒转为吸附污染物状态,释放通量时正时负。长期悬浮时泥沙颗粒始终为负释放状态,而孔隙水对总通量的贡献之比最高可达到60:1。上覆水体中吸附性污染物液固相浓度比值先增大后减小,悬浮后期始终处于较低值。推导了底泥释放通量的理论公式,理论结果是线性缓慢增加的,而实验值的增加趋势是先快后慢。  相似文献   

7.
<正>通过控制外源营养盐流入可以降低水体营养盐浓度,抑制蓝藻爆发。目前一些外源控制措施已经用于富营养化水体的修复,并取得一定成效。但是仅仅控制外源污染并不能抑制蓝藻爆发,底泥中营养物质的释放(内源污染)受到人们广泛关注。目前关于富营养化水体内源污染治理机制是抑制底泥中营养物质向上覆水迁移,如:底泥覆盖和底泥疏浚、生态修复等。但是这些措施成本高、时间长,难以大规模应用。本文基于磷是富营养化水体控制因子,研究铜绿微囊藻增值与底泥磷释放关系及其对底泥形态结构的改  相似文献   

8.
滇池现代沉积物中磷的地球化学及其对环境影响   总被引:47,自引:2,他引:47  
湖泊沉积物中,磷是产生富营养化的重要元素.湖泊中磷元素含量、地球化学行为以及它的复杂矿物学特征,使人们对磷的研究极为重视.滇池湖中总磷超标10.3倍,底泥沉积物中P2O5平均含量0.52%,最高可达1.92%.滇池地处磷矿区,是磷质来源最丰富的湖泊,统计表明,磷含量每年在不断增长.滇池沉积物中磷主要以吸附态、有机态、铁结合态、钙结合态、铝结合态等几种形式存在.这些形态磷在底泥中是不稳定的,它们在环境改变条件下,又将磷释放到水体中.微生物在磷的循环过程中起了重要作用,乳酸菌对不溶性磷酸盐的分解,使湖泊中可溶磷含量增高.聚磷菌对磷元素的富集以及聚磷菌死亡后发生有机磷的矿化作用,是湖泊中水合磷酸盐矿物沉积的重要途径.当湖泊中这种不稳定的水合磷酸盐矿物在条件具备的情况下,经沉积物覆盖成岩作用后,最终形成磷灰石。  相似文献   

9.
随着城市化的推进,湖泊、河流等水系受到了不同程度的污染。底泥是水中各类污染物的主要蓄积地,底泥中各种污染物,尤其是重金属含量超标,会对水体、水生生物及人类造成严重危害。底泥中的重金属主要蓄积在表层,故水体环境一旦发生变化,底泥中的重金属便容易重新释放,造成二次污染,由此凸显了原位修复技术的优势。重金属污染底泥的原位修复技术旨在不改变污染底泥空间位置的条件下对底泥进行修复,该技术具有对原有环境影响小、成本低、不额外占用空间等优势,在未来的污染底泥修复中呈现出较大的潜力。本文对当前国内主要水系底泥的重金属污染状况以及修复技术进行分析概述,同时重点介绍底泥重金属污染的原位修复技术,并对底泥重金属污染原位修复技术的应用与发展进行展望。  相似文献   

10.
北京官厅水库沉积物-水界面磷的分布和迁移特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究官厅水库一个沉积物柱及上覆水体磷的含量和形态特征,指出水体中的磷以颗粒态为主,界面上覆水中磷以无机磷酸盐为主,孔隙水中以有机磷占优势;界面附近湖水中总溶解磷、总无机磷、正磷酸盐和有机磷酸盐从远离界面到界面逐渐升高,孔隙水中总溶解磷、总无机磷、正磷酸盐在界面下10 cm左右达到最大值,有机磷含量由界面向下有增加趋势;计算了沉积物-水界面磷的沉降和扩散通量,分别为1967.5μg/a@cm2和0.5μg/a@cm2,结合沉积物中矿物组成、磷与Fe、Mn、SO2-4的关系,探讨影响磷分布和迁移的影响因素.  相似文献   

11.
The Xiangxi River is the first middling tributary of the Changjiang River near the Three Gorges Dam. The River is subject to phosphorus pollution mainly from industrial wastewater. As the water quality of the Xiangxi River could directly influence the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the research on phosphorus levels and its change in the sediment profile of the Xiangxi River could provide useful information in the dynamic changes in the system, thereby offering options for mitigative measures. Water and sediment samples from lower reaches of Xiangxi River were collected and the different forms of phosphorus in sediments of the Xiangxi River were studied. The concentrations of total phosphorus in sediment ranged from 757.67 to 1438.54 mg/kg. Inorganic phosphorus concentrations ranged from 684.63 to 1055.58 mg/kg. Phosphorus contamination was serious in some parts of the Xiangxi River. With an average concentration of 635.17 mg/kg, calcium-bound phosphorus is the main form among different inorganic phosphorus forms. Labile phosphorus and iron/aluminum-bound phosphorus measured 3.40, 0.05and 35.28 mg/kg, respectively. The mobilization potential of phosphorus of sediments was studied through adsorption and release experiments. The equilibrium concentration of phosphorus adsorption and release was around 0.1 mg/L. The initial concentrations of phosphorus in the overlying water and the sediments have obvious effect on phosphorus mobilization potential. In addition, the release rate of phosphorus in sediment increased with water depth.  相似文献   

12.
Ammonium release from sediments has significant effects on the water quality in eutrophic lakes. In this study, the ammonium release kinetics and adsorption–desorption processes were investigated in 13 sediments of 6 shallow lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River region, China. The results show that First Order Model best described the ammonium release process, the maximal release capacity had a strong correlation with organic matter (OM), cationic exchange capacity (CEC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). But it only had a weak correlation with Fe, Ca and Al. The ammonium release capacity in more polluted sediments was higher than that in less polluted sediments. The average release rate within 0–5 min was the highest among the experimental period, the amount released within 0–5 min accounted for approximately 50–70% of the total release capacity. The ammonium release rate had a significant and positive correlation with OM. But it did not have a strong correlation with TN, TP, Fe, Ca and Al. The ammonium potential release capacity (obtained when the water/sediment ratio was about 2,500) had strong and positive relation with OM and maximal release capacity, and it may provide useful information for the sediment release risk assessment. Henry Model best described the ammonium sorption isotherms, and ammonium adsorption–desorption equilibrium concentration can be considered as the ammonium release threshold to assess the release risk in the sediments.  相似文献   

13.
Water column nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, soluble reactive phosphate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus) and suspended sediments (SS) were measured during one 44-h and two 28-h periods in March 1982 at two stations in Fourleague Bay, Louisiana, which is located at the mouth of the Atchafalaya River, a distributary of the Mississippi River. River water (a source of nitrate, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended sediments to Fourleague Bay) flows into the upper reaches of the bay during high tide and frontal overrunning conditions with northerly and westerly winds. During one sampling period, decreasing wind speed and the rising tide resulted in Atchafalaya River water inundating the bay and nitrate concentrations in the upper bay increasing from 30–70 μM to 90–118 μM. Significant variations in nutrients associated with the movement of water masses from the river, marshes, and Gulf of Mexico occurred over several different time scales. Tidal transport occurred over 25-h periods, while frontal passages occurred at 3-d to 5-d intervals. Variability in nutrient and suspended sediment concentrations over these relatively short time scales can be as great as seasonal variability in the bay.  相似文献   

14.
In order to determine the primary factors related to the accumulation of phosphorus in estuarine sediments, a study of phosphorus fractions in sediments of the Delaware River Estuary was undertaken. A correlation matrix between the phosphorus fractions, determined by serial extraction, and 14 sediment variables was computed. Total phosphorus and total inorganic phosphorus in the sediment-phosphorus reservoir decreases with increasing salinity. This variation is correlated with decreasing iron oxyhydroxide content in the sediment. Neither clay content nor calcium carbonate content appear to be significantly correlated with variation in total inorganic phosphorus content in the fine-grained sediments of this estuary. Although calcium phosphate is concluded to be a major constituent of the sediment-phosphorus reservoir, there was no evidence found that it is authigenic in this environment.  相似文献   

15.
 Chemical analyses were done on cores of bottom sediment from three locations in Lake Livingston, a reservoir on the Trinity River in east Texas to identify trends in water quality in the Trinity River using the chemical record preserved in bottom sediments trapped by the reservoir. Sediment cores spanned the period from 1969, when the reservoir was impounded, to 1992, when the cores were collected. Chemical concentrations in reservoir sediment samples were compared to concentrations for 14 streambed sediment samples from the Trinity River Basin and to reported concentrations for soils in the eastern United States and shale. These comparisons indicate that sediments deposited in Lake Livingston are representative of the environmental setting of Lake Livingston within the Trinity River Basin. Vertical changes in concentrations within sediment cores indicate temporal trends of decreasing concentrations of lead, sodium, barium, and total DDT (DDT plus its metabolites DDD and DDE) in the Trinity River. Possible increasing temporal trends are indicated for chlordane and dieldrin. Each sediment-derived trend is related to trends in water quality in the Trinity River or known changes in environmental factors in its drainage basin or both. Received: 6 October 1995 · Accepted: 13 October 1995  相似文献   

16.
本文以上海市苏州河沉积物为研究对象,采用Tessier形态分析法研究了沉积物中重金属元素Zn、Cu和Hg的含量变化与形态分布,初步探讨了沉积特点,对苏州河底泥的进一步治理提供了参考.结果表明,样品中Zn 、Cu、 Hg的含量匀接近或高于生物有影响水平;Zn 、Cu分别主要存在于有机态和Fe-Mn氧化物态中,可交换含量较少;Zn 、Cu、 Hg含量随沉积物浓度的变化为:沉积物表层重金属含量较低并略有起伏,中部较高,底层较低.  相似文献   

17.
Nutrient limitation of the rhizophytic macroalgaPenicillus capitatus found associated with subtropical seagrass meadows in Bermuda was determined from enrichment assays and subsequent tissue analyses. The photosynthetic response ofP. capitatus to additions of inorganic nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P), measured as oxygen evolution in closed incubation chambers, increased significantly in both the 16 h and 6 d experiments only with nitrogen enrichment. The average photosynthetic response for all treatments was virtually identical in the two experiments, indicating that there was not a significant time lag in nutrient uptake and that the short term (16 h) assay accurately reflected the longer term (6 d) photosynthetic response to nutrient enrichment. Average tissue nitrogen levels for the nitrogen-treated algae were 29% higher than the phosphorus-treated algae and 18% greater than the controls, corroborating the results from the photosynthesis assay.P. capitatus may acquire nutrients directly from sediment sources via rhizoid holdfasts. Ratios of total dissolved nitrogen (TN) to total dissolved phosphorus (TP) in pore water at 10 and 20 cm depths (6.1 and 4.5, respectively) indicate a nitrogen-limited nutrient pool. These low pore water TN:TP ratios may be a function of a limited sorptive capacity of the calcium carbonate sediments for phosphate, anthropogenic nutrient inputs, or high rates of denitrification, all of which would induce N rather than P limitation in these carbonate-rich sediments.  相似文献   

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