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储层非均质性作为储层表征的核心内容之一,一直是研究者关注的焦点。储层非均质性的研究内容主要包括储层非均质性分类、储层非均质性评价、储层非均质性成因分析和储层非均质性对油气田开发的影响等。国外对于储层非均质性研究主要包括利用各种实验研究储层孔渗等物性特征及其对流体渗流规律的影响、利用野外露头资料开展地质建模和模拟研究进行储层非均质性定量分析。国内主要包括通过沉积学、成岩作用等地质成因分析研究储层非均质性和基于测井精细解释的渗透率等储层物性参数进行非均质性的定量评价等。研究方法有地质成因分析法、层序地层学方法、各种实验研究方法、地质统计学方法、各种数学计算方法、测井解释方法、地质建模方法、地震预测方法、数值模拟方法和生产动态分析法等。结合自身科研实践,分析了不同研究方法的优缺点。在此基础上指出了目前储层非均质性研究中存在的主要问题和今后的发展方向。 相似文献
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储层地质建模的现状与展望 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
储层地质建模对于科学的油藏评价、油藏开发管理以及三维油藏数值模拟具有很大的意义。目前已有的建模算法和商业软件可满足地质特征三维分布的图形要求,并可进行初步的井间预测,但预测精度有待于进一步提高。简要介绍了各种建模方法研究现状,分析了已有算法中亟需改进的问题,并从建模算法的改进、原型模型的丰富、地震信息的整合以及加强地质约束等方面论述了储层地质建模的发展前景。 相似文献
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多点地质统计学在河流相储层建模中的应用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
多点地质统计学综合了基于象元方法以及基于目标方法两者的优点,对于河流相等具有复杂地质形态的储层精确建模具有较强的优势.在对传统建模方法综合分析的基础上,介绍了多点地质统计学的基本理论及SNESIM算法,并应用该技术对大牛地气田某开发井区的辫状分流河道相进行了实际建模.研究结果表明,在河流相储层建模中,该方法比传统的建模方法更具优越性.最后,进一步综合讨论了多点地质统计学目前面临的主要问题(包括训练图像、目标体连续性、数据样板选择、综合地震信息等方面)的改进方法. 相似文献
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构造地质成因分析,在油气田开发中具有十分重要的作用。文章从国内外研究现状入手,在文献调研基础上详细对
比了油气田开发中构造地质成因分析的优缺点。总结了构造地质成因分析研究内容：（1） 通过构造演化历史分析和地应力
场等研究,确定断裂体系构造地质成因。（2） 井震结合开展精细的构造解释,分析构造地质成因。（3） 对构造地质成因研
究方法进行探索和改进。（4） 综合动静态资料,开展储层地质成因分析。（5） 与沉积相研究和成岩作用研究等紧密结合。
（6） 加强地质成因分析成果应用,为油气田开发提供基础。（7） 裂缝表征和建模。（8） 微构造地质成因分析。油气田开发
中构造地质成因分析的方法主要包括：基础地质研究、野外露头观察描述、岩心观察和描述、镜下薄片观察、物理模拟、
各种测井解释、地震解释、各种分析测试统计、地质建模、动态监测和生产动态分析方法等。结合研究实践,对每一种方
法的优缺点进行分析。在此基础上,指出了油气田开发中构造地质成因分析存在的8方面主要问题和发展趋势。 相似文献
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火山岩储层比碎屑岩具有更强的非均质性,储层的地质建模工作变得非常复杂。针对马朗凹陷牛东地区卡拉岗组玄武岩和火山岩的储层地质特征,运用petrel建模软件对储层进行三维地质建模。首先利用钻井、测井、录井、地震、岩心分析化验等资料完成了地层对比,建立地层格架。在此基础上,综合测井与地震资料,建立该地区的构造模型、岩相模型和含油饱和度模型,应用蚂蚁体示踪的方法建立了裂缝分布模型。建模结果检验与实际情况相吻合,为油藏开发方案控制提供了主要依据。 相似文献
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构造地质成因分析，在油气田开发中具有十分重要的作用。文章从国内外研究现状入手，在文献调研基础上详细对
比了油气田开发中构造地质成因分析的优缺点。总结了构造地质成因分析研究内容：（1） 通过构造演化历史分析和地应力
场等研究，确定断裂体系构造地质成因。（2） 井震结合开展精细的构造解释，分析构造地质成因。（3） 对构造地质成因研
究方法进行探索和改进。（4） 综合动静态资料，开展储层地质成因分析。（5） 与沉积相研究和成岩作用研究等紧密结合。
（6） 加强地质成因分析成果应用，为油气田开发提供基础。（7） 裂缝表征和建模。（8） 微构造地质成因分析。油气田开发
中构造地质成因分析的方法主要包括：基础地质研究、野外露头观察描述、岩心观察和描述、镜下薄片观察、物理模拟、
各种测井解释、地震解释、各种分析测试统计、地质建模、动态监测和生产动态分析方法等。结合研究实践，对每一种方
法的优缺点进行分析。在此基础上，指出了油气田开发中构造地质成因分析存在的8方面主要问题和发展趋势。 相似文献
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《油田开发地质学》一书讲述了合理开发油田开展的地质综合研究,通过有效建立油气开采与驱替系统,实现用最少的投入采出更多油气,达到提高油田采收率和经济效益的最终目标。全书以地震、钻井、录井、测井、测试、地球化学及生产动态等资料为基础,对开发地质学理论、方法进行阐述,主要包括精细构造、高分辨率层序地层学、沉积微相、储层特征、油藏动态分析、油藏地质建模及数值模拟等,采用静态和动态方法相结合,对剩余油分布控制因素进行研究,提出油田稳产、增产、增储的措施方法。本书专业性、逻辑性和实用性较强,对油气田开发有重要指导作用。 相似文献
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精细油藏描述研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
从国内外研究现状人手,详细介绍了目前精细油藏描述研究的现状。国外研究的重点已由常规的野外露头分析、实验分析、数值模拟向地震反演储层预测、微地震方法储层表征、人工智能神经网络等新技术新方法转变,研究对象也由传统的砂岩和碳酸盐岩向致密油致密气储层转变。研究方法中综合性、地震技术以及计算机技术进一步加强。天然裂缝储层表征等专项研究进步很大。国内已经从最初的简单模仿学习国外油藏描述研究方法,发展形成了一整套较为成熟的精细油藏描述程序和方法,研究内容也比较全面完善,几乎涵盖了储层地质研究的各个方面。结合研究自身实践,将精细油藏描述研究总结为高分辨率层系地层学指导下的地层精细划分与对比、沉积成因分析基础上的储层构型分析、储层定量分类评价、储层流动单元研究和储层地质建模研究等5个关键问题。在此基础上分析了精细油藏描述研究存在的问题,认为目前精细油藏描述定量研究还需要加强,各种地震和测井等新技术手段有待加强,实验技术、多点地质统计学建模等方面还需发展完善。储层在开发过程中的变化研究等还未引起足够的重视。最后针对上述问题指出了该项研究8个方面的发展趋势。 相似文献
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A hybrid discrete-continuum approach has been presented in this paper to simulate water flow in the near and far fields of deformable fractured rocks. In the near field, the discrete model is used; while in the far field, the equivalent continuum model is employed. The discrete element method (with the static relaxation algorithm) is used in the near field and the boundary integral equation method in the far field. Along the interface of these two domains, both mechanical and hydraulic compatibility conditions are satisfied. Fully coupled hydro-mechanical analysis can be conducted in the combined near and far fields. Application to a dam foundation problem has demonstrated the capability of the developed approach. 相似文献
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Uncertainty is ubiquitous in geology, and efforts to characterise and communicate it are becoming increasingly important. Recent studies have quantified differences between perturbed geological models to gain insight into uncertainty. We build on this approach by quantifying differences in topology, a property that describes geological relationships in a model, introducing the concept of topological uncertainty. Data defining implicit geological models were perturbed to simulate data uncertainties, and the amount of topological variation in the resulting model suite measured to provide probabilistic assessments of specific topological hypotheses, sources of topological uncertainty and the classification of possible model realisations based on their topology. Overall, topology was found to be highly sensitive to small variations in model construction parameters in realistic models, with almost all of the several thousand realisations defining distinct topologies. In particular, uncertainty related to faults and unconformities was found to have profound topological implications. Finally, possible uses of topology as a geodiversity metric and validation filter are discussed, and methods of incorporating topological uncertainty into physical models are suggested. 相似文献
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Origin of chemically distinct granites in a composite intrusion in east-central Sweden: geochemical and geothermal constraints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Anders Lindh 《Lithos》2005,80(1-4):249-266
A few tens of millions of years after the intrusion of the Early Svecofennian (1.87–1.85 Ma) granitoids in central Sweden, a renewed magmatic activity resulted in the emplacement of the Late Svecofennian granites, the tectonic setting of which remains obscure. S-type granites dominate this group, but both I-type and transitional granites are common. This study deals with one of these intrusions in east-central Sweden; a composite pluton that is insignificantly deformed and hosts both I- and S-type granites. One of the I-type granites shows a compositional trend from granodiorite to granite, which is uncommon among the Late Svecofennian granites. Major element and incompatible trace element compositions and Nd data show that two different sources, one igneous and one sedimentary, were involved. An important conclusion is that nearly coeval granites derived from different sources are found in close connection. The granites are suggested to have formed by partial melting in a thickened continental crust that was formed in an early stage of the Svecofennian event. Thermal models suggest that the slightly older, high-temperature I-type granite (granodiorite) was formed deeper in the crust than the S-type granite. The coexistence of essentially pure I- and S-type granites, rather than transitional mixtures, reflects the relative depths of the proposed sources and the varying thermal parameters of the lithologic units in the Svecofennian crust. 相似文献
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Ian Knowles Michael Teubner Aimin Yan Paul Rasser Jong Wook Lee 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(6):1107-1118
A new inverse technique for modelling groundwater flow, based on a functional minimization technique, has been used to calibrate
a groundwater flow model of a subregion of the Port Willunga aquifer within the Willunga Basin in South Australia. The Willunga
Basin is the location of extensive viticulture, irrigated primarily by groundwater, the levels and quality of which have declined
significantly over the last 40 years. The new method is able to generate estimates of transmissivity, storativity and groundwater
recharge over the whole subregion as a time-varying continuous surface; previous methods estimate local discrete parameter
values at specific times. The new method has also been shown to produce accurate head values for the subregion and very good
estimates of groundwater recharge. Its ultimate goal will be to provide a new and invaluable tool for significantly improved
groundwater resource management.
Supported in part by US National Science Foundation grants, DMS-0107492 and DMS-0079478. 相似文献
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地热资源是一种新型无污染能源,具有极高的开采价值,已经受到世界各国的关注.盆地因其特殊的地质条件,内部往往蕴涵着丰富的地热资源,且具有易开采、利用的特点.但目前地热资源勘探的手段和研究方法单一,制约着地热资源的开采与开发.而盆地地热场模拟技术已经较为成熟,并在油气成藏模拟中广泛应用.我们可以在已有的技术手段下结合盆地地热模拟技术来提高勘探的精度.本文还探讨了以地温控制方程与地下热水水流方程相结合来建立模型,模拟盆地地热资源. 相似文献
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This paper deals with a new critical state–based constitutive model for soft rocks and fine-grained soils. The model, formulated in the single-surface plasticity framework, is characterised by the following main features: (i) a generalised three-invariant yield surface capable of reproducing a wide set of well-known criteria, (ii) the dependency of the elastic stiffness on the current stress state by means of a hyperelastic formulation, (iii) the ability of simulating the plastic strain–driven structure degradation processes by a set of appropriate isotropic hardening laws, and (iv) a nonassociate flow rule in the meridian plane. The adopted formulation is hierarchical, such that the various features of the model can be activated or excluded depending on the specific kind of geomaterial to be modelled and on the quality and quantity of the related available experimental results. The constitutive model was implemented in a commercial finite element code by means of an explicit modified Euler scheme with automatic substepping and error control. The procedure does not require any form of stress correction to prevent drift from the yield surface. The performance of the model is first analysed by means of a wide set of parametric analyses, in order to highlight the main features and to evaluate the sensitivity of the formulation with reference to the input parameters. The model is then adopted to simulate the experimental response observed on three different geomaterials, ranging from soft clays to soft rocks. 相似文献
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Pressure, temperature and cooling rates of granulite facies migmatitic pelites from the southern Adirondack Highlands, New York 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Detailed petrographic analysis was performed on samples from five localities within the southern Adirondacks. Textures and zoning patterns in garnet from all samples provide evidence for dehydration melting of biotite. Zoning of grossular in garnet – providing a record of prograde growth – shows both increasing and decreasing trends in garnet from the same sample. However, Ca concentrations at the garnet rims of most samples are identical (grossular = 3.4%). These observations have been interpreted as evidence for the differential timing of garnet nucleation and growth. All Fe/(Fe + Mg) and some spessartine distributions are consistent between samples, displaying diffusive profiles established largely upon cooling. Only one sample, in which retrogression was minimal, contains garnet with flat Fe/(Fe + Mg) profiles. A general pelitic pseudosection constructed in the system MnNCKFMASH reveals a maximum for Ca in garnet where the plagioclase‐out isopleth intersects the solidus (muscovite = 0). The pseudosection predicts bell‐shaped core‐to‐rim profiles of grossular during anatexis, similar to those observed in the rocks. Garnet–biotite thermometry and GASP barometry indicate peak temperatures of at least 790 °C at about 7–9 kbar, similar to conditions determined for the central Adirondacks. Cooling rates determined from finite difference modelling of spessartine and Fe/(Fe + Mg) diffusional profiles indicate a multi‐stage cooling history in which some period of rapid cooling (>200 °C Myr?1) is required. 相似文献
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在建立地下水系统定量模型中,为了提高模型的仿真度和可靠性,提出了地下水系统整体拟合的构思,并对此进行了系统的定性分析。初步探讨了地下水系统整体拟合的理论基础及其建模的操作性,还展望了地下水系统整体拟合的研究方向。 相似文献
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This paper presents an approach to modelling fracture networks in hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs. A detailed understanding of the fracture network within a geothermal reservoir is critically important for assessments of reservoir potential and optimal production design. One important step in fracture network modelling is to estimate the fracture density and the fracture geometries, particularly the size and orientation of fractures. As fracture networks in these reservoirs can never be directly observed there is significant uncertainty about their true nature and the only feasible approach to modelling is a stochastic one. We propose a global optimization approach using simulated annealing which is an extension of our previous work. The fracture model consists of a number of individual fractures represented by ellipses passing through the micro-seismic points detected during the fracture stimulation process, i.e. the fracture model is conditioned on the seismic points. The distances of the seismic points from fitted fracture planes (ellipses) are, therefore, important in assessing the goodness-of-fit of the model. Our aims in the proposed approach are to formulate an appropriate objective function for the optimal fitting of a set of fracture planes to the micro-seismic data and to derive an efficient modification scheme to update the model parameters. The proposed objective function consists of three components: orthogonal projection distances of the seismic points from the nearest fitted fractures, the amount of fracturing (fitted fracture areas) and the volumes of the convex hull of the associated points of fitted fractures. The functions used in the model update scheme allow the model to achieve an acceptable fit to the points and to converge to acceptable fitted fracture sizes. These functions include two groups of proposals: one for updating fracture parameters and the other for determining the size of the fracture network. To increase the efficiency of the optimization, a spatial clustering approach, the Distance-Directional Transform, was developed to generate parameters for newly proposed fractures. A simulated dataset was used as an example to evaluate our approach and we compared the results to those derived using our previously published algorithm on a real dataset from the Habanero geothermal field in the Cooper Basin, South Australia. In a real application, such as the Habanero dataset, it is difficult to determine definitively which algorithm performs better due to the many uncertainties but the number of association points, the number of final fractures and the error are three important factors that quantify the effectiveness of our algorithm. 相似文献