共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
深海水合物赋存于一定的温度和压力环境下,降压开采时降压速率对分解产气速率和储层变形特性影响显著。利用浙江大学自主研发的水合物降压开采试验装置,通过伺服控制降压速率,初步开展了水合物储层模型降压开采试验,研究了储层温度场、孔压场、产气量等的响应特性,探讨了降压速率对产气效率和储层变形特性的影响规律。试验表明：水合物竖井降压开采时,开采井周围储层温度率先下降,分解域由井周逐步向周围发展。适当提高降压速率能够提高储层开采效率,但降压速率过快时易导致水合物重生成,反而不利于水合物高效持续稳定开采,开采时应选择合理的降压速率以达到最优产气效率。开采过程中根据储层孔隙与外界连通程度,储层孔隙状态可分为完全封闭型、局部封闭型和开放型3种类型。储层开采试验完成后,浅层土体出现 3 种不同变形特征的区域：I 区为井周土层,呈漏斗型下陷;II 区土层平坦,无明显扰动痕迹;III 区为边界土层,该处水气产出受阻导致部分气体向上迁移引起土丘状隆起带出现。这些变形特征与气体在储层中的迁移路径和运移模式相关。通过相似性分析,给出了模型与原型分解时间和产气量等的对应关系。 相似文献
2.
【研究目的】中国地质调查局先后于2017年、2020年在南海北部神狐海域成功实施两轮水合物试采,创造了产气时间最长、产气总量最大、日均产气量最高等多项世界纪录,了解和掌握南海天然气水合物开采储层相变与渗流机理,有助于进一步揭示该类型水合物分解机理、产出规律、增产机制等,可为中国海域水合物资源规模高效开采提供理论基础。【研究方法】基于两轮试采实践,笔者通过深入研究发现,储层结构表征、水合物相变、多相渗流与增渗、产能模拟与调控是制约水合物分解产气效率的重要因素。【研究结果】研究表明,南海水合物相变具有分解温度低,易在储层内形成二次水合物等特点,是由渗流场-应力场-温度场-化学场共同作用的复杂系统;多相渗流作用主要受控于未固结储层的物性特征、水合物相变、开采方式等多元因素影响,具有较强的甲烷吸附性、绝对渗透率易突变、气相流动能力弱等特点;围绕南海水合物长期、稳定、高效开采目标,需要在初始储层改造基础上,通过实施储层二次改造,进一步优化提高储层渗流能力,实现增渗扩产目的。【结论】随着天然气水合物产业化进程不断向前推进,还需要着力解决大规模长时间产气过程中温度压力微观变化及物质能源交换响应机制以及水合物高效分解、二次生成边界条件等难题。创新点：南海水合物相变是由渗流场-应力场-温度场-化学场共同作用的复杂系统;南海泥质粉砂储层具有较强的甲烷吸附性、绝对渗透率易突变、气相流动能力弱等特点,多相渗流机理复杂。 相似文献
3.
回顾了25年来国内外水合物开采数值模拟研究的进展,分析了影响水合物开采过程的主要机理,即传热、气液流动和水合物分解。将已有的模型分为热力开采、降压开采和综合3种模型,并对各种模型所具有的特点进行了讨论。综合分析认为,TOUGH Fx/HYDRATE模型充分考虑了多相多组分并借鉴上述3类开采方式,可模拟开采过程中气液流动和相态变化,具有较高的应用价值。最后探讨了目前模型的主要问题以及发展方向,认为水合物矿藏岩石的绝对渗透率、相对渗透率、热传导系数等关键参数的测量及确定是精确模拟水合物开采过程的重要因素。 相似文献
4.
Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are globally recognized as an important type of strategic alternative energy due to their high combustion efficiency, cleanness, and large amounts of resources. The NGHs reservoirs in the South China Sea (SCS) mainly consist of clayey silts. NGHs reservoirs of this type boast the largest distribution range and the highest percentage of resources among NGHs reservoirs in the world. However, they are more difficult to exploit than sandy reservoirs. The China Geological Survey successfully carried out two NGHs production tests in the Shenhu Area in the northern SCS in 2017 and 2020, setting multiple world records, such as the longest gas production time, the highest total gas production, and the highest average daily gas production, as well as achieving a series of innovative theoretical results. As suggested by the in-depth research on the two production tests, key factors that restrict the gas production efficiency of hydrate dissociation include reservoir structure characterization, hydrate phase transition, multiphase seepage and permeability enhancement, and the simulation and regulation of production capacity, among which the hydrate phase transition and seepage mechanism are crucial. Study results reveal that the hydrate phase transition in the SCS is characterized by low dissociation temperature, is prone to produce secondary hydrates in the reservoirs, and is a complex process under the combined effects of the seepage, stress, temperature, and chemical fields. The multiphase seepage is controlled by multiple factors such as the physical properties of unconsolidated reservoirs, the hydrate phase transition, and exploitation methods and is characterized by strong methane adsorption, abrupt changes in absolute permeability, and the weak flow capacity of gas. To ensure the long-term, stable, and efficient NGHs exploitation in the SCS, it is necessary to further enhance the reservoir seepage capacity and increase gas production through secondary reservoir stimulation based on initial reservoir stimulation. With the constant progress in the NGHs industrialization, great efforts should be made to tackle the difficulties, such as determining the micro-change in temperature and pressure, the response mechanisms of material-energy exchange, the methods for efficient NGHs dissociation, and the boundary conditions for the formation of secondary hydrates in the large-scale, long-term gas production.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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Since the implementation of several pilot production tests were in natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs in terrestrial and marine settings, the study of NGH has entered a new stage of technological development for industrial exploitation. Prior to the industrial exploitation of any given NGH reservoir, the economic feasibility should be examined. The first step of economic evaluation of a NGH reservoir is to know whether its resource amount meets the requirement for industrial exploitation. Unfortunately, few relevant studies have been conducted in this regard. In this study, the net present value (NPV) method is employed to estimate the economic critical resources required for the industrial exploitation of NGHs under different production scenarios. Sensitivity analysis is also performed in order to specify the effects of key factors, such as the number of production wells, gas price, technological improvement and tax incentive, on the economic critical resources. The results indicate that China requires the lowest economic critical resource for a NGH reservoir to be industrially exploited, ranging from 3.62 to 24.02 billion m3 methane. Changes in gas price and tax incentives also play significant roles in affecting the threshold and timeline for the industrial exploitation of NGH. 相似文献
6.
海底水合物矿藏降压开采与甲烷气体扩散过程的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在深海条件下采用单井降压法开采的天然气水合物矿藏中,利用TOUGH+HYDRATE软件对其开采过程和甲烷气体扩散过程进行数值模拟。物理模型由上至下依次为上盖层、水合物沉积层和下盖层。将上、下盖层外边界的温度设为恒定,与含水合物沉积层之间有热量和质量交换,数值模型采用二维圆柱坐标网格。模拟结果表明开采过程中井口产气速率是一个升高—降低—波动升高的过程,水合物分解产生的气体有一部分通过上盖层溢出,能在一定程度上增加大气中温室气体的量。开采初期水合物分解速率降低的主要原因是水合物分解产生的甲烷气体在地层中大量累积,开采后期水合物分解速率产生波动的主要原因是发生"气穴现象"。井口附近由于压力变化较快水合物分解最为剧烈,其附近有个低温区存在。上、下盖层附近水合物分解速率也较快。 相似文献
7.
叶建良 秦绪文 谢文卫 卢海龙 马宝金 邱海峻 梁金强 陆敬安 匡增桂 陆程 梁前勇 魏士鹏 于彦江 刘春生 李彬 申凯翔 史浩贤 卢秋平 李晶 寇贝贝 宋刚 李博 张贺恩 陆红锋 马超 董一飞 边航 《中国地质》2020,47(3):557-568
泥质粉砂型天然气水合物被认为是储量最大开采难度亦最大的水合物储层,2017年南海天然气水合物试采,初步验证了此类水合物储层具备可开采性。在总结前次试采认识的基础上,对试采矿体进行优选、精细评价、数值与试验模拟和陆地试验,中国地质调查局于2019年10月—2020年4月在南海水深1225 m神狐海域进行了第二次天然气水合物试采。本次试采攻克了钻井井口稳定性、水平井定向钻进、储层增产改造与防砂、精准降压等一系列深水浅软地层水平井技术难题,实现连续产气30 d,总产气量86.14×104m3,日均产气2.87×104m3,是首次试采日产气量的5.57倍,大大提高了日产气量和产气总量。试采监测结果表明,整个试采过程海底、海水及大气甲烷含量无异常。本次成功试采进一步表明,泥质粉砂储层天然气水合物具备可安全高效开采的可行性。 相似文献
8.
《China Geology》2020,3(2):221-229
The permeability of a natural gas hydrate reservoir is a critical parameter associated with gas hydrate production. Upon producing gas from a hydrate reservoir via depressurization, the permeability of sediments changes in two ways with hydrate dissociation, increasing with more pore space released from hydrate and decreasing due to pore compression by stronger effective stress related to depressurization. In order to study the evolution of sediment permeability during the production process with the depressurization method, an improved pore network model (PNM) method is developed to establish the permeability change model. In this model, permeability change induced by hydrate dissociation is investigated under hydrate occurrence morphology of pore filling and grain coating. The results obtained show that hydrate occurrence in sediment pore is with significant influence on permeability change. Within a reasonable degree of pore compression in field trial, the effect of pore space release on the reservoir permeability is greater than that of pore compression. The permeability of hydrate containing sediments keeps increasing in the course of gas production, no matter with what hydrate occurrence in sediment pore. 相似文献
9.
LI Xiaoyang TIAN Yingying ZHANG Xin SONG Gang ZHAO Ming LIANG Jinqiang HUANG Wei MENG Fanle 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(2):701-712
A new gas hydrate reservoir stimulation method of in-situ fracturing with transient heating is proposed, in line with analysis of the technological bottlenecks faced by marine gas hydrate production. This method injects the developed chemical reagents into a hydrate reservoir through hydraulic fracturing, releasing heat during the chemical reaction to increase the hydrate decomposition rate. The chemical reaction product furthermore has a honeycomb structure to support fractures and increase reservoir permeability. Based on the geological model of natural gas hydrate in the South China Sea, three development methods are simulated to evaluate hydrate production capacity, consisting of horizontal well, fractured horizontal well and in-situ fracturing with transient heating well. Compared with the horizontal well, the simulation results show that the cumulative gas production of the fractured horizontal well in one year is 7 times that of the horizontal well, while the cumulative gas production of in-situ fracturing with transient heating well is 12 times that of the horizontal well, which significantly improves daily efficiency and cumulative gas production. In addition, the variation patterns of hydrate saturation and temperature-pressure fields with production time for the three exploitation plans are presented, it being found that three sensitive parameters of fracture conductivity, fracture half-length and fracture number are positively correlated with hydrate production enhancement. Through the simulations, basic data and theoretical support for the optimization of gas hydrate reservoir stimulation scheme has been provided. 相似文献
10.
随着世界上石油和常规天然气资源的消耗和减少,各国的研究人员正在致力于寻找新的替代能源,天然气水合物的发现、勘探、开发和利用为未来能源带来新的希望。由于天然气水合物具有重要的战略意义和巨大的经济价值,世界上许多发达国家和发展中国家都将其列入国家重点研发计划,美国、日本、印度、韩国、德国、挪威以及中国等均相继投入巨资进行海域天然气水合物调查甚至于开采试验。文章介绍了国际上主要国家天然气水合物勘探开发计划的历史和现状,重点阐述了国家层面的天然气水合物勘探开采计划、实施情况、资金投入以及战略研究,同时从整体角度,对天然气水合物现阶段关注的重点问题进行了阐述。按照各个国家的发展趋势和研究目标总结为3种类别:(1)美国,早期在研究机构和ODP航次支持下,积累了大量的地质实物资料,但由于受到页岩气工业革命等商业模式冲击,近期天然气水合物开采领域投资放缓,但仍然关注于理论和技术实践,并保持综合科学研究工作为主,待时机成熟后将再次注入国家预算资金;(2)中国、日本、印度、韩国,由于受到国内能源结构和储备的限制,对天然气水合物勘探开采持有非常积极的态度,国家资金投入丰厚,全部开展了多期次的近海的天然气水合物钻探工作,并且中国和日本近年在海域试开采领域突飞猛进,分别取得了重要性的阶段成果,极可能是未来世界上首批商业性开采的国家;(3)德国、挪威,作为传统的欧洲工业国家,利用雄厚的工业技术基础,在天然气水合物能源开采技术研究以及环境评估等方面另辟蹊径,着重关注于全球环境保护和二氧化碳置换甲烷技术,是天然气水合物研究领域的绿色保护者代表,可为后能源时代提供天然气水合物新的机遇。 相似文献
11.
含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的有限元模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
温度和压力的变化会引起含天然气水合物沉积物的分解,其过程伴随着相态转换、孔隙水压力和气压力耗散、热传导、骨架变形等过程的相互耦合作用。基于多孔介质理论建立了描述含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的数学模型,考虑了水合物分解产生的水、气流动、水合物相变和分解动力学过程、热传导、骨架变形等过程的耦合作用。基于有限元法,建立了模拟水合物分解过程的数值模型,并编制了计算机分析程序。通过对降压法和升温法开采过程的数值模拟,揭示了在水合物分解过程中沉积物储层的变形、压力、温度等因素的变化规律。结果表明：降压法和升温法都会导致储层变形以及产生超孔隙压力,但两种方法作用效果不同;同时,水合物分解过程包含渗流及热传导作用。 相似文献
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天然气水合物分布广、埋藏浅、清洁无污染、储量巨大,被视为油气领域最有潜力的替代清洁能源。全球目前有5个国家进行了8次天然气水合物试采工作,特别是2017年5月中国神狐海域天然气水合物试采取得了巨大成功,创造了产气时间和产气总量两项世界纪录,但是由于天然气水合物特殊的物理力学性质和赋存状态,技术经济开采还面临诸多难题。在分类总结天然气水合物开采方法的基础上,分析了中日两国的海域天然气水合物试采情况及试采数据,得出了如下结论与建议:（1）天然气水合物开采方法可归纳为两大类:原位分解法和地层采掘法;（2）海域天然气水合物试采数据表明:压力和温度条件都是影响产气速率的主要因素与约束条件,在生产不同阶段,影响产气能力的主要因素不同;（3）对日本第1次天然气水合物试采数据分析表明,压力驱动力、温度驱动力与产气速率均有较好的相关性,提出了表征温度压力耦合关系的指标相态平衡距,研究了产气速率与相态平衡距的分段线性关系,建立了天然气水合物储层分解动力学模型范式;（4）分析了降压开采方法中大幅快速降压与分段缓慢降压两种降压方式的优劣,提出有效供热是实现天然气水合物降压开采的长期高产的必要条件,集成页岩气开发中的水平井压裂技术与干热岩地热开发中热量对流交换循环的原理,提出对流注热降压开采方法。 相似文献
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天然气水合物资源量丰富,被公认为最有潜力的新型高效清洁替代能源,是未来能源革命的战略突破口。由于天然气水合物分解是伴随相变的复杂物理化学过程,安全经济地开采天然气水合物仍有许多瓶颈难题亟待解决。当前降压法是相对经济有效的开采方法,但天然气平均日产量远远达不到产业化开发的需求。在分析降压法规模化开采面临的瓶颈问题的基础上,提出了一种全新的天然气水合物开采方法原位补热降压充填开采法,重点剖析了该方法的3个基本原理,提出了该方法的开采技术方案、关键技术与工艺步骤。得出了如下结论:(1)天然气水合物降压法规模化开发需要突破“天然气水合物分解热补给”(补热)、“储层结构稳定性”(保稳)和“提高储层渗透率”(增渗)等3个方面的瓶颈难题;(2)基于“降压分解原理”、“原位补热原理”和“充填增渗原理”,提出了天然气水合物原位补热降压充填开采法,该方法将氧化钙(CaO)粉末注入天然气水合物储层,反应产生的大量热量补充天然气水合物的分解热,同时,反应生成的氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)既填充了天然气水合物分解后留下的空隙,多孔结构又提高了储层的渗透性;(3)提出了天然气水合物原位补热降压充填开采所涉及的具体技术方案、关键技术与工艺步骤。当前天然气水合物开采技术手段距离产业化开发的需求还有一定距离,未来需要加强国际科研合作,深度学科交叉,研发变革性技术,早日实现天然气水合物规模化开发。 相似文献
14.
天然气水合物具有储量丰富、清洁高效的特点,世界各国非常重视天然气水合物资源的调查和开采工作,我国在2017年顺利实施了海域天然气水合物直井试采工作,并取得了丰硕的成果。水力喷射微小井眼技术是一项正在兴起的新型钻探技术,已经在石油钻探中得到了一定的应用,将其应用到海域天然气水合物钻探中具有钻井成本低、可顺利完成水平段钻进、降低井眼轨迹控制难度、储层污染小,降低了大规模海底坍塌的风险的优势,但是还存在着水平段长度短、井壁稳定性差、卡钻事故处理难度大、钻井工具开发难、连续油管寿命短等关键技术问题需要解决。 相似文献
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天然气水合物被誉为最有研究价值和开采价值的清洁能源,已经成为当今世界能源研究的热点。但到目前为止还未形成成熟稳定的天然气水合物开采技术体系,仍处于研究和试采阶段。陆域冻土天然气水合物开采与海域天然气水合物开采相比相对比较容易,在钻进过程中能够形成较稳定的孔壁。天然气水合物开采的主要方法有热激法、降压法、置换法和化学抑制剂法。SAGD（Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage）技术也叫蒸汽辅助重力驱油技术,在重油、油砂开采中得到了迅速发展,取得了非常有效的成果,被认为是目前重油开采最有效的方法。对SAGD技术应用到陆域冻土天然气水合物开采中进行理论分析研究,经过分析发现将SAGD技术应用到天然气水合物开采中是可行的,但确定两口水平井之间的距离是关键,且在应用时要将上部井变为生产井,下部井变为注汽井。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2019,2(2):121-132
Sand production is a crucial problem during the process of extracting natural gas from hydrate reservoirs. To deal with sand-production problems systematically, a sand-production control system (SCS) is first proposed in this paper, specialized for pore-distributed clayey silt hydrate reservoirs. Secondly, a nodal system analysis method (NSAM) is applied to analyze the sand migration process during hydrate exploitation. The SCS is divided into three sub-systems, according to different sand migration mechanisms, and three key scientific problems and advances in SCS research in China Geological Survey are reviewed and analyzed. The maximum formation sanding rate, proper sand-control gravel size, and borehole blockage risk position were provided for clayey hydrate exploitation wells based on the SCS analysis. The SCS sub-systems are closely connected via bilateral coupling, and coordination of the subsystems is the basis of maintaining formation stability and prolonging the gas production cycle. Therefore, contradictory mitigation measures between sand production and operational systems should be considered preferentially. Some novel and efficient hydrate exploitation methods are needed to completely solve the contradictions caused by sand production.© 2019 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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哈拉湖地区目前基本属于地质空白区,有关天然气水合物形成及分布的研究较少,尤其针对该地区天然气水合物储层研究与认识较为有限。青徳地2井(QH-2)位于南祁连盆地哈拉湖坳陷西部,为坳陷内首口天然气水合物调查深井,钻遇第四系、新近系-古近系和三叠系。以青徳地2井三叠系主要储集岩层段岩心为研究对象,通过岩石薄片观察以及孔隙度、渗透率、密度、铸体薄片等物性测试,结合测井资料开展哈拉湖坳陷储层特征研究,结果表明: 青德地2井三叠系储层分布较广,厚度巨大,但储集性能整体较差,绝大部分属非常规储集层,且整体裂隙较不发育,较难形成类似木里地区固结岩层中的裂隙型水合物及孔隙型水合物,而该区冻土层下存在厚层第四系松散沉积物及裂隙相对发育的古近系-新近系,可为天然气水合物形成提供良好的储集空间。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2020,3(3):362-368
Gas hydrate is one kind of potential energy resources that is buried under deep seafloor or frozen areas. The first trial offshore production from the silty reservoir was conducted in the South China Sea by the China Geological Survey (CGS). During this test, there were many unique characteristics different from the sand reservoir, which was believed to be related to the clayed silt physical properties. In this paper, simulation experiments, facilities analysis, and theoretical calculation were used to confirm the hydrate structure, reservoir thermo-physical property, and bond water movement rule. And the behavior of how they affected production efficiency was analyzed. The results showed that: It was reasonable to use the structure I rather than structure II methane hydrate phase equilibrium data to make the production plan; the dissociation heat absorbed by hydrate was large enough to cause hydrate self-protection or reformation depend on the reservoir thermal transfer and gas supply; clayed silt got better thermal conductivity compared to coarse grain, but poor thermal convection especially with hydrate; clayed silt sediment was easy to bond water, but the irreducible water can be exchanged to free water under high production pressure, and the most obvious pressure range of water increment was 1.9–4.9 MPa. 相似文献
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XIAO Rui ZHU youhai LU Zhenquan LIU Hui PANG Shouji ZHANG Shuai FAN Dongwen WANG Weichao 《中国地质调查》2014,7(4):20-27
Harlahu Depression is basically a geological blank area now. Few studies on the formation and distribution of natural gas hydrate have been published, especially the research and understanding of natural gas hydrate reservoir in this area. The borehole QH-2 is located in the western part of Harlahu Depression of South Qilian Basin, and it was the first deep drilling hole for natural gas hydrate investigation in this area, in which Quaternary,Neogene—Paleogene and Triassic strata were drilled. The authors took the core of Triassic reservoir in well QH-2 as the research object to study the reservoir characteristics of Harlahu Depression, through the thin section observation of rock, porosity, permeability, rock density, casting thin section and other physical property tests, as well as the logging data. The research shows that Triassic reservoir of well QH-2 is widely distributed with great thickness. However, the physical property of the reservoir is poor, and most parts of the reservoir were unconventional reservoirs. The fractures are not developed, so it is difficult to form fracture type hydrate and pore type hydrate in the consolidated rock stratum similar to Muli area. While, the thick Quaternary loose sediments and Tertiary strata with relatively developed fissures were developed under the permafrost regions in this area, which may provide a better reservoir space for the formation of natural gas hydrate. 相似文献