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文章以南宁市六城区、武鸣县和横县部分地区共1.1万km2的区域为研究区,采集2771件表层土壤组合样品,分析了N、P、K2O的含量,并运用Gis和地统计学方法,分析了养分含量的平均水平、概率分布特征、空间异质性和空间分布特征。土壤养分的空间分布特征研究为因地制宜开展施肥工作和有效利用土壤提供了依据。 相似文献
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基于地统计学和GIS相结合的方法，对承德全域表层土壤重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、微量元素Se正态分布特征、主导分布趋势及相互作用规律进行了分析，确定了不同元素最适宜的地统计插值模型并厘定出其空间分布规律。结果表明:As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的质量含量平均值分别为8.28，0.200，60.85，24.37，0.034，27.76，26.65，77.10 mg/kg，Cd、Cu、Hg和Pb变异系数分别为385%、143%、350%、118%，分异性强。Zn含量均值受土壤类型影响显著，Cr、Cu、Ni含量均值则受土地利用类型影响显著。经过不同趋势阶数元素插值误差的综合对比，确定As、Cr、Pb、Zn、Ni、Se适宜选择无趋势参数，Hg和Cu适宜选择一阶趋势参数，而Cd适宜选择二阶趋势参数。As的理论模型为指数模型，主要受到结构性因素的影响；Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、Se的理论模型为线性模型，主要受到随机性因素的影响。通过普通克里格插值图可见区内9种元素具有北低南高的特点，中部地区形成了一条较宽的Pb高值带，与Cd相似。按照含量分布特点，土壤中Cr和Ni、Cu和Hg、Zn和Pb、Se和Cd之间的高值空间展布区具有相似性且来源相同，仅As具有个性，分析结果与传统统计学结果数据保持部分一致性。 相似文献
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祁连山退化高寒草甸土壤水分空间变异特征分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
利用传统统计学方法和地统计学方法,对祁连山地区受到过度放牧影响而退化为以狼毒为优势种的高寒草甸的土壤水分垂直变异特征、水平空间异质性以及分布特征进行了系统分析. 结果表明：在垂直方向上,0~100 cm土壤水分含量随深度的增加而逐渐减少,土壤水分含量的变化速度随深度的增加也趋于减少;土壤水分分布的变异系数在浅层和深层土壤较大,在中层土壤较小. 在水平方向上,0~40 cm土壤水分具有中等空间变异性,其中10~20 cm土壤水分变异性主要受根系的影响,随机部分引起的变异性最大;而在其他土壤层,随着深度的增加土壤水分含量由随机部分引起的空间异质性程度减弱,由空间自相关部分引起的异质性程度增强. 整体上,土壤水分含量与微地形关系密切,与距离溪流的远近程度正相关,与高程分布负相关. 相似文献
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多点地质统计学研究进展与展望 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在简要回顾多点地质统计学起源后,介绍了多点地质统计学的3种方法,并总结了多点地质统计
学的研究进展。在应用领域,已经从河流相建模发展到扇环境建模,从储集层结构建模发展到储集层物性分布
模拟,从宏观地质体预测发展到微观孔喉分布建模,从地质研究发展到地质统计反演。在整合信息建模方面,
给出了３种综合地震属性的方法;在算法方面,提出了PRTT实时处理方法,完善了多点地质统计学建模,并开
发了新的多点统计生长算法（Growthsim）。对多点地质统计学未来发展进行了展望,指出在训练图像、数据综合
以及建模方法耦合方面还需要进一步深入研究。 相似文献
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土壤养分的空间分布特征是合理平衡施肥及实现特色优质农业的重要依据.通过对湖南省汨罗市耕地区土壤进行1:5万土地质量地球化学调查,分析了土壤的pH值、有机质(OM)、全氮(N)、全磷(P)、全钾(K)等养分要素,采用地统计学方法与GIS相结合的方法对土壤养分要素空间分布特征及其变异规律进行研究.结果表明:汨罗市耕地区土壤整体呈弱酸性(pH值<7),有机质和氮含量相对富集;各项指标中磷含量变异系数最大,pH值的变异系数最小.地统计学方法表明,钾的空间相关性极强,其余养分要素空间相关性中等,空间变异程度依次为:K>pH>N>OM>P.综合分析成土母质、土壤类型、土地利用类型等因素,GIS空间分析解析出了土壤养分空间分布规律:有机质与氮空间分布情况相近,呈现出西部和中部城区分布较高,其余地区较为均衡;pH值与磷在地域上呈一定的均匀分布;钾分布具有较强的规律性,中西部含量较高,向东南逐级递减. 相似文献
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非均质多孔介质的空间分布具有随机性与结构性的双重性质.地统计学方法在研究具有结构性和随机性双重性变量的空间变异性方面具有极强的科学性.本文在地理信息系统平台ArcGIS上,采用Geostatistical Analyst地统计学分析模块中的kriging插值方法研究非均质性多孔介质的空间变异性.以河北省廊坊市地下水污染物的现场数据为研究对象,利用普通克立格法对氟化物、硫酸盐、氯化物和汞浓度的空间变异性进行分析. 相似文献
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地质统计学是数学地质领域最为活跃而实用的分支,它是以区域化变量理论为基础,以变异函数为基本工具,研究那些在空间分布上既具有随机性又具有结构性的自然现象的科学。在第四纪研究中的很多特征(变量)均可看成区域化变量进行地质统计学分析。作者在讨论了经典概率论及数理统计方法简单地应用于第四纪研究可能出现的问题后,着重介绍了用于第四纪研究中的若干地质统计学方法及基本理论,同时,对地质统计学方法应用于第四纪研究中的前景进行了分析。 相似文献
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本文系统地介绍了多点地质统计学的基本原理及方法，并以我国渤海湾盆地某区块新近系明化镇组河流相储层为例，进行了多点统计学随机建模的实例分析。多点地质统计学为储层随机建模的国际前沿研究方向，该方法综合了基于象元的方法易忠实条件数据以及基于目标的方法易再现目标几何形态的优点，同时克服了传统基于变差函数的二点统计学不能表达复杂空间结构和再现目标几何形态的不足。通过理论与实例研究，分析了目前多点统计学尚存在的问题(包括训练图像平稳性问题、目标连续性问题以及综合软信息的问题等)及未来发展的方向。 相似文献
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传统的路基压实质量均匀性评价方法均基于变异系数等概率统计指标,未能考虑检测数据的空间分布特性,难以准确评价路基压实质量的不均匀性。基于地统计学理论,建立半变异函数模型描述连续压实检测数据的空间变异性,采用指数模型对半变异函数曲线进行最优拟合,并提出偏基台值C作为路基压实均匀性控制指标。分别采用地统计方法与传统数理统计法对沪昆客运专线芷江试验段的路基进行压实均匀性评价。结果表明：在压路机振动频率波动或存在压实薄弱区域的情况下,与传统数理统计指标变异系数Cv相比,地统计指标C可消除系统误差等随机性因素对均匀性评价结果的影响,更能客观反映不同工况下的填筑土体在空间上的不均匀压实状态,其结果为铁路路基压实均匀性评价提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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Luis Manuel de Vries Jesus Carrera Oriol Falivene Oscar Gratacós Luit Jan Slooten 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(1):29-42
Simulation of flow and solute transport through aquifers or oil reservoirs requires a precise representation of subsurface
heterogeneity that can be achieved by stochastic simulation approaches. Traditional geostatistical methods based on variograms,
such as truncated Gaussian simulation or sequential indicator simulation, may fail to generate the complex, curvilinear, continuous
and interconnected facies distributions that are often encountered in real geological media, due to their reliance on two-point
statistics. Multiple Point Geostatistics (MPG) overcomes this constraint by using more complex point configurations whose
statistics are retrieved from training images. Obtaining representative statistics requires stationary training images, but
geological understanding often suggests a priori facies variability patterns. This research aims at extending MPG to non-stationary
facies distributions. The proposed method subdivides the training images into different areas. The statistics for each area
are stored in separate frequency search trees. Several training images are used to ensure that the obtained statistics are
representative. The facies probability distribution for each cell during simulation is calculated by weighting the probabilities
from the frequency trees. The method is tested on two different object-based training image sets. Results show that non-stationary
training images can be used to generate suitable non-stationary facies distributions. 相似文献
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Koike Katsuaki 《地球科学》2011,36(2):209-226
Sample data in the Earth and environmental sciences are limited in quantity and sampling location and therefore, sophisticated spatial modeling techniques are indispensable for accurate imaging of complicated structures and properties of geomaterials. This paper presents several effective methods that are grouped into two categories depending on the nature of regionalized data used. Type I data originate from plural populations and type II data satisfy the prerequisite of stationarity and have distinct spatial correlations. For the type I data, three methods are shown to be effective and demonstrated to produce plausible results: (1) a spline-based method, (2) a combination of a spline-based method with a stochastic simulation, and (3) a neural network method. Geostatistics proves to be a powerful tool for type II data. Three new approaches of geostatistics are presented with case studies: an application to directional data such as fracture, multi-scale modeling that incorporates a scaling law, and space-time joint analysis for multivariate data. Methods for improving the contribution of such spatial modeling to Earth and environmental sciences are also discussed and future important problems to be solved are summarized. 相似文献
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Geostatistics Analyst中空间内插方法的介绍 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
主流GIS软件ArcGIS 9的Geostatistics Analyst模块中所涉及的两大类空间内插方法:确 定性内插方法和地统计内插方法。结合该软件对各种插值方法的应用和处理进行了介绍,应用示例 比较各种内插方法的适用范围。 相似文献
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Xiao-Lin Sun Yun-Jin Wu Hui-Li Wang Yu-Guo Zhao Gan-Lin Zhang 《Mathematical Geosciences》2014,46(4):429-443
Information on the spatial distribution of soil particle-size fractions (psf) is required for a wide range of applications. Geostatistics is often used to map spatial distribution from point observations; however, for compositional data such as soil psf, conventional multivariate geostatistics are not optimal. Several solutions have been proposed, including compositional kriging and transformation to a composition followed by cokriging. These have been shown to perform differently in different situations, so that there is no procedure to choose an optimal method. To address this, two case studies of soil psf mapping were carried out using compositional kriging, log-ratio cokriging, cokriging, and additive log-ratio cokriging; and the performance of Mahalanobis distance as a criterion for choosing an optimal mapping method was tested. All methods generated very similar results. However, the compositional kriging and cokriging results were slightly more similar to each other than to the other pair, as were log-ratio cokriging and additive log-ratio cokriging. The similar results of the two methods within each pair were due to similarities of the methods themselves, for example, the same variogram models and prediction techniques, and the similar results between the two pairs were due to the mathematical relationship between original and log-ratio transformed data. Mahalanobis distance did not prove to be a good indicator for selecting an optimal method to map soil psf. 相似文献
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地球空间数据集成多尺度问题基础研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
多尺度数据集成是地球空间数据集成中最难处理的问题。将多尺度数据的集成分解为空间和时间多尺度数据集成,在分析应用项目对数据尺度需求的基础上,就两种多尺度数据集成的传统和数据意义上的集成方法进行了详细的探讨。 相似文献
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基于成矿系统动力学研究进展的综合分析, 认为构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学研究是地球科学跨世纪的重要前沿领域之一, 进而提出这一领域的研究主题和关键问题、研究思路及方法, 阐释其重要意义, 指出构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学研究以构造演化、流体活动及区域地球化学和地球物理不均一性为基础, 通过变形-流动高温高压实验及计算机数值模拟再现成矿作用过程和机理, 解析构造体制转换与流体多层循环成矿动力学特征, 揭示成矿界面时-空演化规律, 建立成矿系统物质和能量交换-反馈耦合成矿的定量模型.这是深化矿床成因认识的重要基础和实现科学找矿的有效途径, 对地球系统科学和大陆动力学的研究也具有重要意义. 相似文献
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Piotr W. Mirowski Daniel M. Tetzlaff Roy C. Davies David S. McCormick Nneka Williams Claude Signer 《Mathematical Geosciences》2009,41(4):447-474
This research introduces a novel method to assess the validity of training images used as an input for Multipoint Geostatistics,
alternatively called Multiple Point Simulation (MPS). MPS are a family of spatial statistical interpolation algorithms that
are used to generate conditional simulations of property fields such as geological facies. They are able to honor absolute
“hard” constraints (e.g., borehole data) as well as “soft” constraints (e.g., probability fields derived from seismic data,
and rotation and scale). These algorithms require 2D or 3D training images or analogs whose textures represent a spatial arrangement
of geological properties that is presumed to be similar to that of a target volume to be modeled. To use the current generation
of MPS algorithms, statistically valid training image are required as input. In this context, “statistical validity” includes
a requirement of stationarity, so that one can derive from the training image an average template pattern. This research focuses
on a practical method to assess stationarity requirements for MPS algorithms, i.e., that statistical density or probability
distribution of the quantity shown on the image does not change spatially, and that the image shows repetitive shapes whose
orientation and scale are spatially constant. This method employs image-processing techniques based on measures of stationarity
of the category distribution, the directional (or orientation) property field and the scale property field of those images.
It was successfully tested on a set of two-dimensional images representing geological features and its predictions were compared
to actual realizations of MPS algorithms. An extension of the algorithms to 3D images is also proposed. As MPS algorithms
are being used increasingly in hydrocarbon reservoir modeling, the methods described should facilitate screening and selection
of the input training images. 相似文献
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复杂区域科学：21世纪的区域科学 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
简要回顾了区域科学的发展里程并着重指出，今天越来越多的学者逐渐放弃传统的理念，将区域作为一个开放、复杂的非线性系统对待。区域科学的研究趋势逐渐由静态的、均衡的范式向动态演化的范式转变，开始应用复杂科学（scienc esofcomplexity）的理论和方法来研究和分析区域问题及其时空演化的内在规律，从而形成复杂区域科学研究阶段。介绍了有关复杂性及复杂科学的一些内容，并在此基础上进一步探讨了复杂区域科学研究的主要问题和可能的研究方法。 相似文献