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1.
本文总结了古神翼龙类的特征,尤其是对中国发现的没有牙齿的翼龙类(包括古神翼龙类、朝阳翼龙类及神龙翼龙类)进行系统总结。通过对比,把中国的古神翼龙类建立两个新的亚科:中国翼龙亚科及华夏翼龙亚科。从古神翼龙类头骨形态变化来看,其演化趋势是头骨由低长向短高变化,这一变化的原因可能与其食性变化有关。根据在辽西凌源四合当九佛堂组发现的一几乎完整的化石骨架建立了中国翼龙新种:凌源中国翼龙(新种),它具有以下特征:鼻眶前孔的长度与高度之比率为3.20;吻部指数为3.03;股骨与胫骨长度之比率约为0.66以及第2翼指骨与第1翼指骨长度之比率为0.85。根据发现于辽西朝阳九佛堂组的另一个体较小的古神翼龙类化石骨架,建立华夏翼龙属一新种:返祖华夏翼龙(新种)。虽然它个体较小,但是它具有华夏翼龙类似的头骨脊,然而它的第2和第3翼指骨的后面具有原始喙嘴龙类翼龙的沟状结构,以区别于其它的华夏翼龙类。返祖华夏翼龙的翼指骨后部沟状结构的出现,应为返祖现象的体现。而这一现象,在翼手龙类中为首次报道。 相似文献
2.
根据发现于中国辽西九佛堂组一几乎完整的成年中国翼龙的头后骨架,对中国翼龙的鉴定特征进行了修订。翼龙的修正特征包括头骨相对长且具有不发育的头骨嵴;一些肢骨元素之间的生长比率不变,比如第二翼指骨与第一翼指骨的长度之比率为0.73;翼掌骨与第三跖骨长度之比率为4.5;第三跖骨与胫骨的长度之比率约0.21,以及第一和第二翼指骨骨干直。通过对中国翼龙的非成年个体和成年个体肢骨元素比率的比较,显示在生长发育过程中,一些肢骨之间生长比率是不变的,比如第一和第二翼指骨之间,翼掌骨和第三跖骨之间,第三跖骨与胫骨之间;而另一些则不同,比如肱骨比翼掌骨生长得快,及股骨也比胫骨都生长得快。中国辽西早白垩世九佛堂组中国翼龙(爬行动物纲:翼龙目)新材料@吕君昌$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037 @刘金远$大连自然博物馆!116023 @王旭日$大连自然博物馆!116023 @高春玲$大连自然博物馆!116023 @孟庆金$大连自然博物馆!116023 @季强$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037 相似文献
3.
根据产自中国辽宁省西部早白垩世义县组上部、具有不完整头骨的翼手龙类骨架确立一新属新种：李氏始无齿翼龙Eopteranodon lii（gen．et sp．nov．）。从它窄长的头骨且其上、下颌尖长而没有牙齿，短的颈椎椎体上来看，显示了该翼龙与无齿翼龙类相似。始无齿翼龙的肱骨没有像其他无齿翼龙类那样具有弯曲的肱骨三角嵴，而且几乎所有的无齿翼龙类均个体较大。始无齿翼龙的个体较小，两翼展宽约为1．1m左右。腕骨没有愈合，肱骨三角嵴较平直以及第Ⅳ翼掌骨稍微长于尺骨显示了它的原始性，它代表一新的、较原始的、类似无齿翼龙的翼手龙类。 相似文献
4.
5.
中国辽宁西部早白垩世翼龙类化石非常丰富,其上部的九佛堂组翼龙类组合以含有丰富的无齿的古神翼龙科、朝阳翼龙科等进步类型而与下部的义县组翼龙类组合相区别。本文描述了辽宁西部建昌盆地九佛堂组一新的大型翼龙类化石,其以上下颌无齿、吻端指数为3.7、前颌骨背支细长且封闭鼻眶前孔背缘、很大的鼻眶前孔后端超过上下颌关节位置、轭骨的上颌骨突基部宽大而应被归入朝阳翼龙科(Chaoyangopteridae)神州翼龙属(Shenzhoupterus)。其以较大的体形(翼展2.05 m)、平直的上下颌咬合面、轭骨的眶后骨突较泪骨突长且基部略宽、第4～7颈椎长度依次减小等特征,区别于朝阳神州翼龙(Shenzhoupterus chaoyangensis),而被命名为三亚神州翼龙(新种)(Shenzhoupterus sanyainus sp. nov.)。这是辽宁西部早白垩世翼展最大且不具牙齿的翼龙类属种,它的发现丰富了九佛堂组翼龙类组合内容,对认识朝阳翼龙科的骨骼形态与生态习性亦具有积极意义。 相似文献
6.
达尔文翼龙的发现及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
达尔文翼龙为中等大小的翼龙类, 发现于辽西辽宁省建昌县玲珑塔中侏罗世髫髻山组, 是目前已知唯一由原始类群(非翼手龙类)向进步类群(翼手龙类)演化的过渡类型。它既具有原始类群的特征: 比如尾长, 多于20节尾椎椎体, 且尾椎椎体由极度加长的、纤细的前后关节突及脉弧所包裹, 构成一僵硬的尾部, 第五脚趾具有两个长的趾节; 又具有进步类群的特征: 比如头骨加长, 鼻孔和眶前孔愈合为一大的鼻眶前孔, 颈椎椎体长, 没有或者颈肋退化; 翼掌骨与肱骨的比率介于原始类群和进步类群之间。达尔文翼龙的发现具有重要意义, 它填补了由原始翼龙类向进步翼龙类演化的空白, 为生物宏观演化(模块演化)机制-即组成生物体的模块在短时间内共同演化提供例证。从达尔文翼龙的骨骼结构变化上看, 空中丰富的食物来源(比如飞行能力差的、带羽毛的恐龙、滑翔的哺乳动物、小的翼龙及昆虫等), 可能为导致翼龙头骨和颈部首先演化的原因之一。达尔文翼龙的发现, 有可能打破对翼龙类传统分为两大类的方法。 相似文献
7.
本文运用电镜扫描方法对一梳齿颌翼龙——陈氏北票翼龙(Beipiaopteruschenianus)的翼膜横截面和表面结构进行了观察。观察结果显示翼膜内部含有高密度的血管,这意味着翼龙的翼膜具有与蝙蝠的翼膜类似的、强大的体温调解功能。另外,本文还首次对翼龙翼膜和蝙蝠翼膜的微观结构进行对比,据此推断,至少在一些相对小型的翼龙类中,类似蝙蝠的生理系统是存在的,从而说明这些翼龙是温血的、活跃的飞行者。陈氏北票翼龙(Beipiaopterus chenianus)翼膜结构的电镜扫描观察@吕君昌$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037,中国
@小林·快次$福井县立… 相似文献
8.
发现于内蒙古鄂托克旗召稍早白垩世罗汉洞组的一件不完整翼龙类下颌标本,以下颌愈合部长且平直、齿骨侧嵴发育、近圆形齿窝沿侧嵴之上的齿骨侧面上半部分自前向后呈直线排列、齿窝直径(2~2.5 mm)前后变化较小、相邻齿窝的间距约为齿窝直径的一半、下颌牙齿密度为3枚/cm等特征,可归入梳颌翼龙科(Ctenochasmatidae),且代表一新属种——郝氏鄂托克翼龙Otogopterus haoae gen.et sp.nov.。该化石是继鄂托克旗新召准噶尔翼龙科的平颌鄂尔多斯翼龙Ordosipterus planignathus之后在内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区发现的第2件确切翼龙类材料,丰富了这一地区早白垩世脊椎动物群的组成。该翼龙也是继甘肃庆阳环河翼龙Huanhepterus quingyangensis之后在鄂尔多斯盆地发现的第2种梳颌翼龙科化石,进一步扩大了鄂尔多斯盆地梳颌翼龙科的地理分布范围,同时表明鄂尔多斯盆地是继辽宁西部之后梳颌翼龙科在中国的又一重要分布区。 相似文献
9.
本文记述了一件采自辽西北票四合屯义县组下部东方翼龙的新标本。通过与正型标本的比较,证明东方翼龙为一有效的属,隶属于梳颌翼龙科。根据对新标本的研究,东方翼龙的修订特征应为:两翼展宽不超过1.25m,尺骨与飞行指的第二指节及胫骨几乎等长,第三足庶骨与胫骨长度之比约为0.40。论杨氏东方翼龙在翼手龙类的系统位置@吕君昌$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037
@高春玲$大连自然博物馆!116023
@孟庆金$大连自然博物馆!116023
@刘金远$大连自然博物馆!116023
@季强$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037… 相似文献
10.
本文记述了一件采自辽西北票四合屯义县组下部东方翼龙的新标本。通过与正型标本的比较,证明东方翼龙为一有效的属,隶属于梳颌翼龙科。根据对新标本的研究,东方翼龙的修订特征应为:两翼展宽不超过1.25m,尺骨与飞行指的第二指节及胫骨几乎等长,第三足庶骨与胫骨长度之比约为0.40。论杨氏东方翼龙在翼手龙类的系统位置@吕君昌$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037
@高春玲$大连自然博物馆!116023
@孟庆金$大连自然博物馆!116023
@刘金远$大连自然博物馆!116023
@季强$中国地质科学院地质研究所!北京,100037… 相似文献
11.
Lü Junchang LIU Jinyuan WANG Xuri GAO Chunling MENG Qingjin JI Qiang Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing Dalian Natural History Museum Dalian Liaoning 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(6):783-789
1 Introduction The Jiufotang Formation is one of the most fossil- productive Early Cretaceous deposits of China. It overlies the famous Yixian Formation from which many important taxa were found (Ji et al., 2004; Chang et al., 2003; Zhou et al., 2003). In addition to other vertebrates, pterosaurs, the first flying reptiles in Earth history, are also abundant in the Jiufotang Formation. At present, nine species belonging to five genera have been reported from the Jiufotang Formation. The… 相似文献
12.
Lü Junchang 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(2):189-199
A new basal non-pterodactyloid pterosaur, Changchengopterus pani gen. et sp. nov., is erected, on the basis of a nearly complete postcranial skeleton. The new taxon is distinguished by relatively short extensions of the prezygapophyses, postzygapophyses and haemal arches of the caudal vertebrae; a humerus that has a subtriangular deltopectoral crest; limb elements that decrease in length in the following order: ulna> wing-phalange 2 > wing-phalange 3 = wing-phalange 1>humerus >tibia>femur>wing-metacarpal. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that Changchengopterus is a basal member of rhamphorhynchoids, and more closely related to Dorygnathus than to other rhamphorhychoids. The geological age of the Changchengopterus -bearing sediments is no latter than the end of the Late Jurassic and it is possible Middle Jurassic. 相似文献
13.
A new ctenochasmatoid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,China
A new ctenochasmatoid pterosaur, Gladocephaloideus jingangshanensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Yixian Formation of western Laioning Province is erected based on a complete skull and partial postcranial skeleton. It is characterized by following features: about 50 total teeth with sharp tips; small nasoantorbital opening, occupying approximately 13% of the skull length; ratio of prenarial length to skull length approximately 0.63. The diagnoses of the Ctenochasmatoidea and Gallodactylidae are amended based on the new taxon. Gladocephaloideus jingangshanensis is the first gallodactylid pterosaur found in Asia. Its discovery not only provides much more osteological information about the Gallodactylidae but also indicates that the ctenochasmatoid pterosaurs were highly diverse in the Early Cretaceous. The filamentous structures preserved near the dorsal and posterior margins of the posterior portion of the skull and around the neck indicate that it had an epidermal covering and may have been a warm-blooded animal. 相似文献
14.
LU Junchang GAO Chunling MENG Qingjin LIU Jinyuan JI Qiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(5):643-646
1 Introduction Eosipterus yangi is the first pterosaur found from western Liaoning Province (Ji and Ji, 1997). Since then, more and more pterosaurs have been reported (Ji and Ji, 1998; Wang and Lü, 2001; Wang et al., 2002, 2005; Wang and Zhou, 2003, 2004; Lü, 2003; Ji et al., 2004; Lü and Ji, 2005a, b; Dong and Lü, 2005; Lü and Yuan, 2005; Lü and Zhang, 2005; Lü et al., 2006). Because Eosipterus yangi lacks skull, it is difficult to resolve its relationships to other pterodact… 相似文献
15.
A New Boreopterid Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, Northeastern China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Lü Junchang 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(2):241-246
<正>A new boreopterid pterosaur:Zhenyuanopterus longirostris gen.et sp.nov.from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning is erected,based on the complete skeleton with a skull and lower jaws preserved.It is characterized by:a large boreopterid pterosaur with a high number of teeth,where the anterior teeth are much larger than posterior ones;the length of the dorsal + sacral vertebrae is nearly half the length of the skull;ratio of the length of the humerus to metacarpal IV is approximately 91%and the,humerus,femur and third wing phalanx are all equal in length and the feet are specially small.It represents the largest boroepterid pterosaur discovered from western Liaoning and its surrounding areas so far 相似文献
16.
L Junchang 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(1)
A new baby pterodactyloid pterosaur with soft tissue preserved.Ningchengop terus liuae gen. et sp.nov.,is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull.It was characterized by the skull, slightly longer than the combined length of the dorsal and sacral vertebrae;50 teeth(including upper and lower jaws);short mid-cervical vertebrae;the humerus and the scapula, equal to that of the wing metacarpal in length;the ulna and the femur, equal to that of the first and third wing phalanx in length, respectively.The similar ratio of the wing phalanx 2 to wing phalanx 1 of Ningchengopterus and Eosipterus implies that Ningchengopterus may be close to the ctenochasmatid pterosaur.However, it may also imply that the isometrically growing of the first two wing phalanges exists among some pterosaurs. 相似文献
17.
A Baby Pterodactyloid Pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of Ningcheng,Inner Mongolia,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lü Junchang 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(1):1-8
A new baby pterodactyloid pterosaur with soft tissue preserved, Ningchengopterus liuae gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on a nearly complete skeleton with a skull. It was characterized by the skull, slightly longer than the combined length of the dorsal and sacral vertebrae; 50 teeth (including upper and lower jaws); short mid-cervical vertebrae; the humerus and the scapula, equal to that of the wing metacarpal in length; the ulna and the femur, equal to that of the first and third wing phalanx in length, respectively. The similar ratio of the wing phalanx 2 to wing phalanx 1 of Ningchengopterus and Eosipterus implies that Ningchengopterus may be close to the ctenochasmatid pterosaur. However, it may also imply that the isometrically growing of the first two wing phalanges exists among some pterosaurs. 相似文献
18.
A New Rhamphorhynchid Pterosaur (Pterosauria) from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Western Liaoning, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A new Sordes-like pterosaur Jianchangopterus zhaoianus gen. et sp. nov. is erected based on a almost complete skeleton with skull preserved. It is characterized by the following characters: seven and six pairs of upper jaw and lower jaw teeth respectively; the development of a recess on maxilla; the evenness of the dental margin in lateral view; a distinct central ridge along dorsal surface of the mandibular symphysis; wing phalanx 4 with strongly curved shaft approximately 96% the length of the wing phalanx 1. The discovery of a Sordes-like pterosaur Jianchangopterus, and other taxa from the same formation indicates that pterosaurs reached great diversities during the Middle to Upper Jurassic period. 相似文献
19.
Laura Codorniú Zulma Gasparini Ariana Paulina-Carabajal 《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2006,20(4):383-389
A small to medium-sized pterodactyloid pterosaur (wingspan approximately 1.10 m) from the Upper Jurassic (middle-late Tithonian) marine deposits of the Vaca Muerta Formation of Patagonia (Los Catutos area, central Neuquén Province, Argentina) is reported. The specimen lacks the skull but constitutes a nearly complete postcranial skeleton, which includes cervical and dorsal vertebrae; a few thoracic ribs; both pectoral girdles; the left pelvic girdle; a proximal right wing (humerus, ulna, and radius) and metacarpal IV; a left wing that lacks only wing phalanx four; and both hindlimbs, the right one without the foot. Ontogenetic features suggest that the new fossil corresponds to a relatively mature individual, probably a subadult. Observed characters support its assignment to the Archaeopteroactyloidea, a basal clade within the Pterodactyloidea. This specimen is the second pterosaur from Los Catutos and the most complete Jurassic pterosaur so far known from South America. 相似文献