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1.
燕辽裂陷槽中元古代古地震与古地理 总被引：22，自引：8，他引：22
位于中朝板块北部的燕辽裂陷槽是中元古代板内裂解的产物。中元古代的伸展裂解构造诱发强地震。中元古代长城系（1800-1400 Ma）的串岭沟组、高于庄组及蓟县系的雾迷山组（1200 Ma）中保留有丰富的地震灾变事件记录：各种软沉积物液化变形，如液化砂岩脉； 碳酸盐岩中的泥亮晶脉、灰岩墙、液化角砾岩、水塑性变形、各种卷曲构造、环形层、层内粒序断层以及碳酸盐岩成岩初期的脆性变形。这些地震成因的变形构造与同沉积断裂相伴生。依据地震记录，中朝板块北部地区中元古代经历两次板内裂解，即1800-1400 Ma之间与1200 Ma，200 Ma的裂解导致燕辽裂陷槽的最终形成。燕辽裂陷槽中元古代的古地理格局与两次板内裂解相联系，古海盆的范围、盆地的边界、岩相带均受同时期断裂-地震控制。燕辽裂陷槽的古地理环境是一个深部物质活跃、断裂火山活动剧烈和地震频繁的构造带。 相似文献
2.
米探1井取得天然气勘探突破表明鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组四段具有巨大勘探潜力,然而,对盆地奥陶纪马四期古构造格局和岩相古地理研究还存在争议,制约了下步天然气勘探进程。为此,基于地震、野外露头、钻井、岩芯、微观薄片和测井等基础资料,对马家沟组四段构造- 岩相古地理开展了系统研究,确定了盆地奥陶纪马四期古构造格局,并恢复出马家沟组四段岩相古地理,预测了有利勘探区。研究结果表明：① 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪马四期发育“两陆三隆四坳”的古构造格局,其中两陆为伊盟古陆和阿拉善古陆,三隆分别为中央古隆起、中条古隆起和神木- 志丹低隆起,四坳为西南边缘坳陷、桃利庙坳陷、府谷坳陷和柳林坳陷;② 马四期为碳酸盐岩内缓坡和中缓坡沉积,其中内缓坡又发育白云岩坪、含云膏坪、微生物丘、灰泥丘、砂屑滩、丘滩间海和灰质潟湖等7类微相;③ 古构造格局控制马家沟组四段沉积分异,微生物丘、灰泥丘和砂屑滩等3类有利储集相主要沿中央古隆起和神木- 志丹低隆起等古地貌高部位分布。因此认为,神木—靖边地区是有利储层发育区,且处于岩性相变带,生储盖配置关系好,具有良好的成藏条件,是天然气勘探的有利靶向区。 相似文献
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四川盆地寒武纪台地滩相储集体是一套重要的油气勘探目的层,准确预测其发育部位、储集性能与分布规律是其油气勘探的重要基础,其中,寒武纪不同地质历史时期古地理与构造-沉积环境的研究是储集体预测的关键。根据野外实测剖面、钻井和测井分析、地震资料,应用活动论构造-古地理思想,在沉积地质条件、区域连井地层剖面,地层厚度与沉积相等分析的基础上,综合编制了寒武纪各个时期的构造-沉积环境图件,反映了四川盆地寒武纪的古地理特征及盆地演化。四川盆地寒武纪整体呈现西高东低、北高南低的古地理格局,西部发育潮坪和滨岸等碎屑岩沉积相,中东部发育缓坡相、台地相及台地边缘浅滩相等。沉积相在时空上的响应为由早寒武世梅树村期局限台地→筇竹寺期碎屑岩台地和深水盆地→早寒武世沧浪铺期滨岸-混积台地→早寒武世龙王庙期碳酸盐岩缓坡→中寒武世陡坡寺期蒸发局限镶边台地→中晚寒武世洗象池期成熟镶边台地的演化过程。其中,筇竹寺期为巨厚的烃源岩生成期;龙王庙期和洗象池期,为碳酸盐岩储集层发育的有利时期;龙王庙期及陡坡寺期发育的蒸发岩可形成良好的盖层。 相似文献
4.
塔里木盆地西南地区早中寒武世岩相古地理存在一定争议,这制约了该区的勘探评价。综合利用露头、钻井和地震资料,开展沉积相、地震相分析,并结合区域构造背景,恢复了岩相古地理格局,提出了相应的沉积模式。中下寒武统发育陆棚相、开阔台地相、局限台地相、蒸发台地相和缓坡相。震旦纪末期麦盖提斜坡南部形成水下低隆起,向南在西南坳陷区残留部分被动陆缘,主要发育缓坡相、陆棚相;麦盖提斜坡区地势较高,地层较薄,主要发育局限台地和蒸发台地潮坪;巴楚隆起区水体局限,在干燥炎热气候下形成了厚度较大的蒸发台地膏盐湖沉积。巴楚隆起区和麦盖提斜坡区中下寒武统膏盐岩分布广泛,与下伏碳酸盐岩可构成良好的储盖组合,西南坳陷区残留部分被动陆缘,烃源岩发育条件较好,这表明塔西南具有较好的油气前景。 相似文献
5.
构造-岩相古地理是生-储-盖及成藏组合评价的基础,在油气勘探研究中占有十分重要的地位,然而,限于资料和认识程度,我国主要海相含油气盆地已有的相图难以满足深层海相碳酸盐岩快速勘探的需求。应用新的钻井和地震资料,结合岩相识别技术,开展了塔里木盆地、四川盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地海相碳酸盐岩构造-岩相古地理研究,取得以下成果认识:①我国小克拉通海相碳酸盐台地构造-古地理具有隆坳相间、隆控储、坳控源的特点;②构造-岩相古地理具有"多台缘、多滩带和多台盆"的特点;③构造-岩相古地理对早期白云石化的发生和岩溶作用的范围及改造程度具有重要影响,从而控制储层分布;④建立了"多台缘"镶边台地模式并改进"双滩"缓坡沉积模式,揭示我国海相碳酸盐台地内部具备多种有利成藏组合。研究成果深化了我国小克拉通碳酸盐台地构造-岩相古地理共性特点的认识,为深层海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
6.
针对渤海PL构造区深层古近系钻井少、地震成像差引起的储层预测难点,充分挖掘各种地质和地震信息,摸索出一套快速、有效的储层预测方法。首先通过层序分析恢复湖盆的演化阶段,明确储层发育的主要层位;其次通过制作各层序的时间厚度图来分析古地貌,明确储层可能发育的平面位置;最后在层序和古地貌的约束下进行地震相分析,刻画储层的平面展布。分析显示,PL构造区深层古近系有利储集相带为扇三角洲、碳酸盐岩浅滩和辫状河三角洲。扇三角洲和碳酸盐岩浅滩形成于湖泊初始发育期,前者呈楔形填充型前积反射位于凸起边缘断坡带,后者呈退积型叠瓦状反射位于水下隆起带;辫状河三角洲形成于湖泊萎缩期,呈低角度前积反射分布于凸起边缘斜坡区。 相似文献
7.
白银矿田折腰山大型古火山及其在成矿作用中的地位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
古火山地质学和矿床学研究表明，白银矿田折腰山Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ矿床地段，是一个火山岩岩相发育齐全（包括喷发－爆发相、喷发－溢流相、溢流相、火山颈相、次火山侵入相、火山侵出相以及喷发－沉积相）、空间展布有序、相序关系清楚的大型古火山口。赋存在这一大型古火山口构造部位的折腰山矿床位于古火山口中心位置，主要与一套粗火山碎屑署紧密伴生，不受单一岩性控制。矿床具典型的垂直分带和水平分带，矿体主体定位于古火山喷口内的通道构造中，局部形成于喷口以上海底近喷口处，属典型的喷口内和喷口过渡类型，简称火口型矿床． 相似文献
8.
裂后充填阶段的碳酸盐岩缓坡沉积已逐渐成为深层油气勘探的重点领域之一。以塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组为例，基于最新拼接处理42条二维地震大测线、柯坪地区9个剖面点及12口完钻井测井及取芯等资料，系统开展了其沉积前古构造格局及岩相古地理响应特征、储层宏观分布与内部结构差异等研究。结果表明: 1）沉积期盆内发育“三隆两洼”古构造格局，对肖尔布拉克期碳酸盐岩缓坡体系（组合）内部分异产生明显控制作用，高能颗粒滩及丘滩带分布在古隆起周缘，古洋流进一步复杂化了沉积物构成，划分出塔西南古隆起北缘颗粒滩为主的坡坪式缓坡、柯坪—温宿低隆起丘滩复合体均斜型缓坡、轮南—牙哈低隆起丘滩复合体孤岛型缓坡；2）古隆起周缘中缓坡高能相带构成了肖尔布拉克组储层发育的重要载体，早期云化作用有效保存了原始孔隙，埋藏期以先期孔隙为基础进一步调整改造，预测规模储层主要分布于三大古（低）隆区周缘高能丘滩带内，面积达9×104 km2。不同类型缓坡体系的储层差异明显，其中坡坪式缓坡的颗粒滩储层以Ⅱ类储层为主、分布稳定为特点，最具规模性，可作为下一步油气勘探的重点关注区带。基于实例解剖认为，裂后沉降期碳酸盐岩缓坡体系分异具明显受构造控制特点，深化沉积前古构造格局认识是预测有利储集相带的关键，直接影响后续规模储层预测及品质评价。 相似文献
9.
山东诸城早白垩世莱阳期古地震事件与恐龙迁移 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在诸城断陷皇华镇大山村黄龙沟存在丰富的、多样的恐龙足迹化石,在紧邻化石埋藏层下伏及上覆地层中发现了下白垩统莱阳群杨庄组多套古地震记录,主要包含波状褶皱、底劈构造、液化砂岩脉、液化角砾岩、粒序断层、卷曲变形和震积不整合等塑性、脆性软沉积物变形构造。分析表明初始沉积物、沉积相及构造作用确定了地震活动作用时形成的软沉积物变形构造类型。在早白垩世莱阳群沉积中期,地震活动具有阶段性及频发性,以单向挤压的丘-槽构造及双向挤压的波状变形为主,且后期有构造活动强度加大的特征。根据已识别的古地震记录发育及古地震活动强度分析,推测此时期发震断裂可能是断陷的南缘断裂——五莲断裂。区域构造作用使得该时期沉积环境发生变化,由湖相逐渐过渡到河流相,在突发古地震事件发生之后,在滨浅湖区域留下了丰富的恐龙迁徙足迹。古地震记录的研究,可建立古地震事件与沉积、构造演化的联系,约束构造作用的属性、频次及时限,为确定盆地及周缘构造-沉积演化历史提供证据。 相似文献
10.
珠江口盆地番禺隆起东南缘断裂坡折带及其对低位域构造—岩性油气藏的控制作用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
番禺隆起是珠江口盆地中南部的一个重要含油气区。区内新近系沉积期主要发育NW向和近EW向的同沉积断裂, 它们的发育和分布控制着沉积充填和总体的古构造地貌特征。古隆起的东南和东北缘发育的主要同沉积断裂形成明显的古地貌突变带或断裂坡折带。东南缘的主控断裂是由裂陷期发育的缓坡反向断裂所形成的, 构成了番禺隆起与白云深凹带的分界。地震相、地震属性等分析和追踪其分布范围揭示出, 珠海组、珠江组中下部层序的低位域三角洲砂体沿断裂坡折带下斜坡呈裙带状分布。研究指出断裂坡折带下斜坡低位域具有形成构造—岩性油气藏的良好条件, 并为该区近期的勘探突破提供了重要依据 相似文献
11.
P. Busquets I. Méndez-Bedia G. Gallastegui F. Colombo R. Cardó O. Limarino N. Heredia S. N. Césari 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(5):1271-1287
The San Ignacio Fm, a late Palaeozoic foreland basin succession that crops out in the Frontal Cordillera (Argentinean Andes), contains lacustrine microbial carbonates and volcanic rocks. Modification by extensive pedogenic processes contributed to the massive aspect of the calcareous beds. Most of the volcanic deposits in the San Ignacio Fm consist of pyroclastic rocks and resedimented volcaniclastic deposits. Less frequent lava flows produced during effusive eruptions led to the generation of tabular layers of fine-grained, greenish or grey andesites, trachytes and dacites. Pyroclastic flow deposits correspond mainly to welded ignimbrites made up of former glassy pyroclasts devitrified to microcrystalline groundmass, scarce crystals of euhedral plagioclase, quartz and K-feldspar, opaque minerals, aggregates of fine-grained phyllosilicates and fiammes defining a bedding-parallel foliation generated by welding or diagenetic compaction. Widespread silicified and silica-permineralized plant remains and carbonate mud clasts are found, usually embedded within the ignimbrites. The carbonate sequences are underlain and overlain by volcanic rocks. The carbonate sequence bottoms are mostly gradational, while their tops are usually sharp. The lower part of the carbonate sequences is made up of mud which appear progressively, filling interstices in the top of the underlying volcanic rocks. They gradually become more abundant until they form the whole of the rock fabric. Carbonate on volcanic sandstones and pyroclastic deposits occur, with the nucleation of micritic carbonate and associated production of pyrite. Cyanobacteria, which formed the locus of mineral precipitation, were related with this nucleation. The growth of some of the algal mounds was halted by the progressive accumulation of volcanic ash particles, but in most cases the upper boundary is sharp and suddenly truncated by pyroclastic flows or volcanic avalanches. These pyroclastic flows partially destroyed the carbonate beds and palaeosols. Microbial carbonate clasts, silicified and silica-permineralized tree trunks, log stumps and other plant remains such as small branches and small roots inside pieces of wood (interpreted as fragments of nurse logs) are commonly found embedded within the ignimbrites. The study of the carbonate and volcanic rocks of the San Ignacio Fm allows the authors to propose a facies model that increases our understanding of lacustrine environments that developed in volcanic settings. 相似文献
12.
柴达木盆地西南缘新近系与地震沉积有关的软沉积物变形构造及其地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在区域构造背景研究和岩心观察的基础上,在柴达木盆地西南缘新近纪地层中识别出与地震沉积有关的软沉积物变形构造。软沉积物变形构造包括液化砂岩脉、泄水构造、重荷模、火焰构造、震积砂枕、砂球构造、枕状层、层内错断、地裂缝、串珠状构造、震褶层、混合层及地震角砾状构造等。液化砂岩脉有喉道状、脉络状、飘带状、尖突状及“V”字形五种,主要是由振动流体化作用、振动液化挤压作用和振动拉张裂缝充填作用形成的;重荷模、火焰构造、枕状构造、球状构造是受地震颤动在砂、泥岩界面上由于砂层下沉、泥层上穿形成的;地裂缝、层内错断、震褶层是地震颤动直接引起的断裂、错断和褶皱;枕状层是地震振动引起的砂层脱水、下沉、变形形成的;混合层构造的完整性取决于地震强度和地震持续时间;地震角砾状构造是由地震振动使原始沉积层断裂形成的自碎屑角砾、脆性角砾和塑性角砾组成。该成果从沉积学角度证明了新近纪是昆仑山造山带北侧断裂活动较强烈时期,也为柴达木盆地新生代构造演化研究提供了依据。地震作用极大地提高了储层的渗透率,改善了油气储层的储集物性。 相似文献
13.
Neogene Paleoseismic Events and the Shanwang Biota’s Burial in the Linqu Area, Shandong Province, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Several paleoseismic events are recorded in the Neogene Linqu Group, exposed in the Linqu area, Shandong Province, China. The events were interpreted on the basis of fieldwork and laboratory analysis, which showed the presence of seismites with plastically deformed soft-sediment deformation structures in the Shanwang Formation, and of seismic volcanic rocks in the Yaoshan Formation which show brittle deformation. The earthquake-triggered soft-sediment deformations in the seismites include load structures, ball-and-pillow structures, flame structures, pillow-like beds, boudinage structures, slump folds, syn-depositional faults, veins of liquefied sand, and dikes of liquefied sandy lime-mud. The seismic activity is also reflected in what might be called ‘brittle seismites'; these originated when, under the influence of seismic vibrations, semi-consolidated conglomerate was shattered. Moreover, volcanic activity is related to intense earthquakes that affected basalts intercalated with sand layers; these successions are known as ‘seismic volcanic rocks', which are characterized by veins of liquefied sand intruding the basalts. All above traces of paleoseismic activity were left from one single time span of 4 Ma with active seismicity that took place 14–10 Ma. This time span is known as ‘the Linqu Neogene Paleoseismic Active Period', which is divided into four paleoseismic episodes, which were responses to tectonic extension and basin rifting in this area. It even includes the activity of the Yishu Fault Zone during the Miocene and the Neogene. The ratios of trace elements in the seismites, w(La)/w(Sc) and w(La)/w(Th) are higher than the average value of the upper crust, but w(Th)/w(Sc) is lower; this is geochemical evidence for the basin rifting that resulted in a high sedimentation rate. The intense and frequent paleo-earthquakes are held responsible for the rapid burial of the Shanwang Biota. Secondary earthquake-induced processes(e.g. slumping of a lake shore and the strongly increased lacustrine sedimentation rate) contributed to the rapid burial of the biota. 相似文献
14.
QIAO Xiufu GAO Linzhi PENG Yang 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(3):385-397
In the Mesoproterozoic time, the northern part of the Sino-Korean Plate experienced a period of intensive tectonic extension and breakup. 1. An abundance of sedimentary earthquake records is preserved in the Chuanlinggou, Tuanshanzi and Gaoyuzhuang formations in the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng System （1800-1400 Ma） and in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation of the Jixian System （1400-1000 Ma）. These earthquake records are characterized by various liquefied sand-veins, carbonate microspar and coarser spar veins, limestone dikes, liquefied breccia and various forms of liquefied contorted bedding. This deformation is always associated with synsedimentary faults and igneous activity. 2. Three liquefaction models for soft carbonate sediments are recognized, including liquefaction in laminated carbonate rocks, liquefaction in thin-bedded carbonates and large-scale liquefaction along huge carbonate dikes. 3. Based on the record of earthquake and volcanic activities, the Sino-Korean Plate experienced at least twice intraplate breakups. One occurred between 1800-1400 Ma, and the other occurred at about 1200 Ma. The last breakup resulted in formation of the Yan-Liao aulacogen, a tectonic zone characterized by deeper material vibrancy, active faults, major igneous activity and frequent earthquakes. 相似文献
15.
塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐岩与油气 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩主要分布于台盆区寒武系—奥陶系,它既可以作为油气的储层和源岩,也可以作为油气的盖层或遮挡体。碳酸盐岩主要发育于碳酸盐岩台地相和斜坡相之中,其中开阔台地及台地边缘坡折带的生物碎屑滩和砂屑滩、局限台地的白云岩坪是主要的储集相带。潜山溶孔溶洞型白云岩、石灰岩及礁滩复合体中的生物碎屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、鲕粒灰岩、礁灰岩以及潮坪白云岩是主要的储集岩。寒武系—下奥陶统、中—上奥陶统都发育有较好的碳酸盐岩烃源岩。根据油气的分布与聚集特点,对碳酸盐岩油气藏作了分类。论述了塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探的前景和重要目标。 相似文献
16.
福建省金矿成矿地质条件与成矿远景 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
福建省金矿与地层、构造、岩浆岩等成矿地质条件关系密切,金矿赋矿层位有８个,其中以前寒武纪麻源群、龙北溪组和中生代火山岩、火山碎屑岩层位为最主要。金矿主要分布在区域性断裂、火山构造、北东向与北西向两组断裂复合部位及火山基底起部位,韧性剪切带、推覆（剥离）构造发育地段,是金矿重要成矿部位。金矿成矿时代主要有前寒武纪和燕山期两个成矿期,两者在成矿时间上显示继承性,在空间上具有相关性。金矿化在前寒武纪与中 相似文献
17.
前寒武纪海侵砂岩中的微生物砂质碎片：以北京南口虎峪剖面大红峪组为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
碎屑岩中微生物形成的原生沉积构造,由于缺乏直接的微生物证据,其识别常常比较困难。位于北京西北郊的南口虎峪一带,古元古代晚期的大红峪组(1650～1600Ma),海侵体系域砂岩地层与高水位体系域砂泥质白云岩和叠层石白云岩组成了较为有规律的沉积相序特征,成为将大红峪组划分为三个三级层序的主要标志。在大洪峪组的海侵体系域砂岩层中,一种类似于碳酸盐岩中的“内碎屑”的奇特的砂质碎片,代表了前寒武纪海侵砂岩沉积面上曾经发育过微生物席;该砂质碎片与变余波痕和皱饰构造组成系列席底构造,特殊的形态和产出特点成为窥视前寒武纪砂岩中微生物席发育的一种典型标志。因此,南口虎峪剖面大红峪组海侵砂岩中的微生物砂质碎片及其相关的席底构造的发现,有益于今后对类似沉积构造的阐释与研究,特别是那些常常被厘定为前寒武纪古老的后生动物遗迹化石的沉积构造;同时也表明,在前寒武纪地层之中,除了要关注叠层石之类的微生物沉积构造以外,碎屑岩中也存在微生物活动的若干证据即席底构造(第五类原生沉积构造),这些特别的沉积构造对前寒武纪沉积环境重塑具有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
不整合空间结构与油气成藏综述 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
不整合是由不整合面及其上、下岩石三部分组成,在空间上具有三层结构,即不整合面之上的岩石、不整合面之下的风化粘土层以及风化粘土层之下的半风化岩石。风化粘土层在上覆沉积物压实作用下岩性较致密,具有良好的封盖能力。不整合面之上的高孔渗岩石(主要为砂岩、砾岩)和不整合面之下裂隙、溶蚀孔洞发育的半风化岩石(主要为砂岩、砾岩、碳酸盐岩、火山岩及变质岩)既可作为油气运移通道,又可成为油气聚集的有效储层。由于构造部位、岩性等因素的影响,不整合空间结构复杂多变,导致不整合油气藏成藏规律复杂,因此,不整合空间结构研究对不整合油气藏勘探具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
19.
Asru K Chaudhuri 《Journal of Earth System Science》2005,114(3):199-209
The Mesoproterozoic Pandikunta Limestone, a shallow water carbonate platform succession in the Pranhita-Godavari Valley, south
India, displays well developed climbing ripple lamination and storm deposited structures, such as HCS, wave ripple-lamination,
combined-flow ripple-lamination and low angle trough cross-stratification. Different types of stratification developed in
calcisiltite with minor amounts of very fine quartz sand and silt. The climbing ripple structures exhibit a complex pattern
of superposition of different types (type A, B and S) within cosets pointing to a fluctuating rate of suspension depositionversus bedform migration, and an unsteady character of the flow. Close association of climbing ripple structures, HCS with anisotropic
geometry, wavy lamination and combined-flow ripple-lamination suggest that the structures were formed by storm generated combined-flow
in a mid-shelf area above the storm wave base. The combined-flow that deposited the climbing ripple structures had a strong
unidirectional flow component of variable magnitude. The climbing ripple structure occurs as a constituent of graded stratified
beds with an ordered vertical sequence of different types of lamination, reflecting flow deceleration and increased rate of
suspension deposition. It is inferred that the beds were deposited from high-density waning flows in the relatively deeper
part of the ancient shelf. The structures indicate that the Pandikunta platform was subjected to open marine circulation and
intense storm activities.
The storm deposited beds, intercalated with beds of lime-mudstone, consist primarily of fine sand and silt size carbonate
particles that were hydrodynamically similar to quartz silt. Detrital carbonate particles are structureless and are of variable
roundness. The particles were generated as primary carbonate clasts in coastal areas by mechanical disintegration of rapidly
lithified beds, stromatolites or laminites, and the finest grade was transported to the offshore areas by storm-generated
currents. 相似文献