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1.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔0-4500米的岩心主要由榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩、副片麻岩、正片麻岩以及少量的超基性岩所组成。岩相学研究结果表明,榴辉岩的围岩普遍经历了强烈角闪岩相退变质作用的改造,峰期超高压变质的矿物组合已完全被后期退变质过程中角闪岩相矿物组合所替代。采用激光拉曼技术,配备电子探针和阴极发光测试,发现主孔224件岩心中有121件(包括榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩、副片麻岩和正片麻岩)样品的锆石中普遍隐藏以柯石英为代表的超高压矿物包体,且不同岩石类型锆石中所保存的超高压矿物包体组合存在明显差异。(含多硅白云母)金红石石英榴辉岩锆石中保存的典型超高压包体矿物组合为柯石英 石榴石、柯石英 石榴石 绿辉石 金红石和柯石英 多硅白云母 磷灰石。黑云绿帘斜长角闪岩锆石中保存的超高压矿物组合为柯石英 石榴石 绿辉石、柯石英 石榴石 多硅白云母和柯石英 绿辉石 金红石,与榴辉岩所保存的超高压矿物组合十分相似,表明该类斜长角闪岩是由超高压榴辉岩在构造折返过程中退变质而成。在副片麻岩类岩石,如石榴绿帘黑云二长片麻岩锆石中,代表性的超高压包体矿物组合为柯石英 多硅白云母和柯石英 石榴石等;而在石榴黑云角闪钠长片麻岩锆石中,则保存柯石英 硬玉 石榴石 磷灰石、柯石英 硬玉 多硅白云母 磷灰石和柯石英 石榴石 磷灰石等超高压矿物包体。在正片麻岩锆石中,标志性的超高压矿物包体为柯石英、柯石英 多硅白云母、柯石英 蓝晶石 磷灰石和柯石英 蓝晶石 榍石等。此外,在南苏鲁东海至临沭一带的地表露头以及一系列卫星孔岩心的锆石中,也普遍发现以柯石英为代表的标志性超高压矿物包体,表明在南苏鲁地区由榴辉岩及其围岩的原岩所组成的巨量陆壳物质(方圆>5000km2,厚度超过4.5km)曾整体发生深俯冲,并经历了超高压变质作用。该项研究对于重塑苏鲁-大别超高压变质带俯冲-折返的动力学模式有着重要的科学意义。  相似文献   

2.
苏鲁超高压变质带的形成时代究竟是印支期还是新元古代争议始终很大。对山东胶南地区超高压变质带中超镁铁岩和榴辉岩的锆石激光拉曼、阴极发光和离子探针原位定年的研究获得超高压变质作用发生的时代为印支期。其中超镁铁岩含柯石英锆石的年龄为221±12Ma,该深成岩侵位时代为新元古代(581±44Ma)。此外,锆石中另有约400Ma年龄记录,可能代表岩石形成后另有一期热事件。榴辉岩的下交点年龄为228±29 Ma,与超镁铁岩含柯石英锆石年龄一致,代表超高压变质时代;上交点为中元古代(1821±19Ma),代表原岩年龄,后者与其片麻岩围岩时代相一致,说明榴辉岩是原位俯冲。  相似文献   

3.
北秦岭松树沟榴辉岩的确定及其地质意义   总被引:9,自引:8,他引:1  
陈丹玲  任云飞  宫相宽  刘良  高胜 《岩石学报》2015,31(7):1841-1854
松树沟石榴石角闪岩(榴闪岩)呈透镜状产于松树沟超镁铁岩旁侧的斜长角闪岩中,一直以来被认为是形成于接触交代变质或麻粒岩相变质过程。详细岩相学及矿物元素分析,在榴闪岩的基质矿物、石榴石幔部及锆石包体中发现残留的绿辉石,而且石榴石也保存了明显的进变质主、微量元素成分环带,表明松树沟榴闪岩为榴辉岩退变质的产物,至少经历了从角闪岩相到榴辉岩相再到角闪岩相的三阶段顺时针PT演化过程。锆石定年结果得到榴辉岩的变质年龄为500±8Ma,原岩结晶时代为796±16Ma,与秦岭岩群北侧官坡超高压榴辉岩的变质年龄和原岩年龄完全一致,也与北秦岭区域高压-超高压变质时代和原岩的结晶时代一致。表明松树沟榴辉岩与北秦岭造山带已发现的高压-超高压变质岩石一起都应是古生代大陆深俯冲作用的结果,而松树沟超镁铁岩可能是俯冲的大陆板片在折返过程中携带的俯冲隧道中的交代地幔岩。  相似文献   

4.
湖北枣阳大阜山镁铁/超镁铁杂岩体与金红石矿床成因   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
洪吉安  马斌  黄琦 《地质科学》2009,44(1):231-244
湖北省北部枣阳市境内的大阜山镁铁/超镁铁杂岩体主要由未变质的纯橄岩和橄长岩组成,伴生变质的石榴石角闪石岩、石榴石钠黝帘石角闪石岩和角闪石钠黝帘石岩.杂岩体的围岩为大理岩.该岩体中的金红石矿床产于变质的石榴石角闪石岩或蚀变的石榴石角闪石岩中.橄长岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年结果表明镁铁/超镁铁质岩体的成岩年龄约为600Ma.变质的岩石和未变质的岩石几乎具有完全相同的地球化学特征,表明前者的原岩应为橄长岩,整个岩体是一个分异的镁铁/超镁铁侵入体.金红石赋存于角闪石解理中等岩相特征表明矿床的含矿岩石就是石榴石角闪石岩,不是由石榴石辉石岩退变质形成的;且其中的石榴石为钙铁榴石,不是富镁、富铝的与高压/超高压作用有关的石榴石.金红石矿床的形成和岩体的局部变质应该与由北向南的近水平推覆构造有关,动力变质作用提供的热和流体,结合推覆过程中的变形作用,导致围岩大理岩和镁铁质岩体发生交代作用,形成石榴石角闪石岩和金红石矿床.  相似文献   

5.
详细的岩相学观察和激光拉曼矿物包裹体研究,在松树沟及其邻区秦岭群片麻岩中的榴闪岩和斜长角闪岩透镜体中发现了石榴石+绿辉石的典型榴辉岩相矿物组合,以及指示超高压变质的微粒柯石英包裹体,表明北秦岭松树沟及其邻区是超高压变质作用的产物。北秦岭松树沟超镁铁质岩体旁侧的榴闪岩一直以来都存在着接触交代变质(黄月华等,1984)、麻粒岩相变质(钱加慧等,2013)和退变榴辉岩(刘良等,2013;Zhang et al.,1999)等多种成因观点。本次研究在该榴闪岩的基质矿物角闪石的核部、石榴石变斑晶的幔部包裹体及锆石包体中都发现了残留绿辉石,而且发现石榴石变斑晶保存了很好的进变质矿物包裹体和主、微量元素成分环带,表明松树沟榴闪岩为榴辉岩相退变质的产物,至少经历了从角闪岩相到榴辉岩相再到角闪岩相的三阶段顺时针p-T演化。另外,采用激光拉曼光谱分析方法,对丹凤地区秦岭群片麻岩的多个榴闪岩和斜长角闪岩透镜体进行了详细的锆石包裹体矿物学分析,在其中的一个斜长角闪岩的锆石中发现了超高压矿物柯石英,表明该斜长角闪岩为超高压榴辉岩退变质的产物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究,得到松树沟榴辉岩的峰期变质年龄为(500±8)Ma,原岩结晶时代为(796±16)Ma;得到丹凤地区斜长角闪岩的峰期变质时代为(498±3)Ma,同时得到~450 Ma和~420 Ma两期退变质事件年龄;得到斜长角闪岩的围岩片麻岩的变质年龄为(502±4)Ma。其中榴辉岩和斜长角闪岩的~500 Ma的变质年龄分别来自锆石的石榴石+绿辉石以及柯石英包体的微区,应代表本区高压-超高压榴辉岩相变质的年龄。该年龄与秦岭岩群中已发现的官坡含金刚石榴辉岩(~500 Ma,杨经绥等,2002;陈丹玲等,2011)、清油河含金刚石斜长角闪岩(490±5.8 Ma;Wang et al.,2014)的峰期变质年龄一致,也与秦岭岩群区域片麻岩的~500 Ma的变质时代在误差范围内完全一致(刘良等,2013;Diwu et al.,2014),表明松树沟及其邻区榴辉岩与北秦岭造山带已发现的高压-超高压变质岩石一起都应是古生代大陆深俯冲作用的结果。  相似文献   

6.
大别山超高压榴辉岩带榴辉岩的特征和变质作用   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:17  
张勇  江来利 《岩石学报》1991,7(3):1-13,T002
大别山超高压柯石英榴辉岩带中多处产出含柯石英榴辉岩,岩石中广泛分布柯石英假象。它们产在片麻岩和大理岩中,并有不同的特征矿物组合。与鄂北等地高压型榴辉岩比较,超高压(柯石英)榴辉岩的绿辉石富硬玉组分,而石榴石为一般的富铁铝榴石贫镁铝榴石的石榴石。钙质角闪石和钠钙质冻蓝闪石是超高压(柯石英)榴辉岩中主要的次生角闪石类型。榴辉岩的原岩是陆内拉张过程中形成的广义拉斑玄武岩,它们在中朝一扬子大陆板块汇聚造山的俯冲大地构造背景中,发生渐进变质。变质时地热增温率极低。造山运动后期,榴辉岩随构造运动抬升又经历两阶段迭加变质。  相似文献   

7.
戚学祥  唐哲民  闫玲 《地球科学》2006,31(4):539-550
预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)位于苏鲁高压-超高压变质地体南部的北苏鲁超高压变质表壳剪切叠覆岩片中,岩心主要由榴闪岩(包括角闪岩)、花岗片麻岩、副片麻岩和榴辉岩组成.镜下鉴定和激光拉曼测试结果表明预先导孔(CCSD-PP2)第一段榴闪岩的主要矿物为角闪石、石榴石、黑云母和钠长石,是榴辉岩退变质作用的产物.地球化学数据显示榴闪岩的化学成分与正常型榴辉岩相对应,稀土元素组成及配分模式与主孔榴辉岩基本相似,但微量元素特征及在地球化学判别图解上存在一定差异,说明该段榴闪岩与主孔榴辉岩的原岩虽然都是形成于板内环境玄武岩类,但它们并不完全相同,其差异可能是由原岩性质的多样性及榴辉岩退变质过程中流体组分的加入引起的.榴闪岩及其下部花岗片麻岩内锆石中柯石英、绿辉石等矿物包裹体的发现及岩石学和地球化学特征等与主孔花岗片麻岩相似的性质,以及在接触面附近榴闪岩中的SiO2含量具有逐渐增高的趋势等,说明榴闪岩与花岗片麻岩曾一起俯冲到地下深处,并在折返过程中经历了强烈的退变质作用,它们之间可能存在一定程度的物质交换.  相似文献   

8.
北苏鲁超高压变质岩锆石中的矿物包体   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
刘福来  叶建国  薛怀民 《地质学报》2006,80(12):1813-1826
北苏鲁莒南—岚山头—日照—桃行—仰口—荣成—威海一带榴辉岩的围岩经历了强烈角闪岩相退变质作用的改造,峰期超高压矿物组合已完全被后期退变矿物组合所取代。锆石微区阴极发光图像和矿物包体激光拉曼测试研究结果表明,132件不同类型岩石(包括榴辉岩、斜长角闪岩、正片麻岩、副片麻岩、大理岩、蓝晶石英岩、云母片岩和钙镁硅酸盐类变质岩等)锆石中,普遍隐藏以柯石英为代表的超高压矿物包体。此外,在南苏鲁东海及其邻区的地表露头和一系列钻孔岩心的锆石中,也普遍发现以柯石英为代表的超高压矿物包体。该项研究成果表明,在苏鲁地体由榴辉岩及其围岩的原岩所组成的陆壳岩石(约320km×20km×5km)曾发生过巨量物质深俯冲—超高压变质的壮观地质事件。  相似文献   

9.
中国大陆科学钻探主孔中的超镁铁岩主要产在603.20~683.53m深度之间。超镁铁岩的上部直接围岩为高Ti-Fe型榴辉岩;内部夹有薄层状含柯石英高镁榴辉岩和厚层状多硅白云母榴辉岩;下部直接围岩为石英榴辉岩和普通榴辉岩。超镁铁岩的主体岩性为石榴石单辉橄榄岩,主要由橄榄石(60%~70%),石榴石(10%~25%),单斜辉石(5%~15%),斜方辉石(1%~5%)和少量金云母和钛铁矿或钛斜硅镁石组成。橄榄石Fo 79~89,其中一些以包裹体形式出现的高MgO橄榄石可能形成较早,主体橄榄石属变质重结晶阶段形成;石榴石以低CaO、高MgO和Cr_2O_3含量高(达3%)为特征,保留较好的进变质成分环带;单斜辉石Na_2O含量达到4%~5%,分为绿辉石和普通辉石类,属变质成因,结合矿物对的温压估算,岩石已经经历超高压变质作用。岩石成分研究表明,石榴石单辉橄榄岩与其顶、底板榴辉岩及其中的榴辉岩夹层有一较大的成分间断,其中MgO含量约相差10%左右,认为超镁铁岩与榴辉岩的原岩不属同一岩浆演化产物。锆石SHRIMP定年表明石榴石单辉橄榄岩原岩时代为古生代346~461Ma,超高压变质作用时代为早中生代220~240Ma。认为CCSD主孔石榴石橄榄岩为古生代的超镁铁质侵入体,在印支期的中国南北板块俯冲折返过程中经历了超高压变质作用。  相似文献   

10.
大别山北部榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分析表明:北部榴辉岩相峰期变质时代为226~230Ma左右;北部塔儿河一带英云闪长质片麻岩经历过印支期变质事件;大别山北部与南部超高压岩石中一致的(226~230Ma)高压或超高压变质年龄表明,北部镁铁-超镁铁质岩带中部分岩石也曾作为扬子俯冲陆壳的一部分,在印支期发生过高压或超高压变质作用;本区锆石发生过两期变质增生事件,一是印支期高压或超高压变质,另一期是燕山期热变质事件;榴辉岩及英云闪长质片麻岩的原岩形成时代为晚元古代;锆石U-Pb年龄可用多期变质增生模型来解释。  相似文献   

11.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

12.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上,进行了稳定性数值模拟分析,定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明:该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成,对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害,必须采取相应的工程治理措施。  相似文献   

13.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

14.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应PH值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。  相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

20.
The Elder problem is an example of a density driven flow, motivated by experiments of a thermally driven convection in porous media. It is a mathematical benchmark problem used for code verification of density driven flow simulators and comparison of issues related to its numerical treatment. Its bifurcation diagram with respect to the Rayleigh number is investigated on a hierarchy of uniformly refined grids. Eleven stationary solutions are shown to exist for the Elder problem. Similar solutions can be found using the Boussinesq approximation. Despite this similarity the corresponding bifurcation diagrams are shown to be topologically not equivalent. This gives rise to serious doubts on the validity of Boussinesq approximation for this model problem. Grid convergence is investigated for the numerically obtained solutions.  相似文献   

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