共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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材料的弹性极限应力理论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从材料的滑移应力与静水应力的相互作用，阐明了各向同性材料在复杂应力状态下的三种弹性破坏现象。剪切屈服、脆性断裂和塑性体积屈服，并以两个极限应力准则完整地表述。作为一个例子，以平方主剪应力屈服准则为基础，构造了广义平方主剪应力准则方程组，理论结果与一些岩土类材料的实验数据相吻合。 相似文献
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为了研究非饱和黄土在有效应力空间的屈服特性,利用真三轴仪对非饱和原状黄土进行了不排水等向净应力压缩固结和不同中主应力参数b值的剪切试验,研究了真三轴压缩条件下非饱和黄土的有效应力屈服变化规律。研究结果表明：有效应力比随着中主应力或净围压的增大而减小,中主应力的增大作用对有效球应力的影响大于广义剪应力;由有效应力比?体应变关系曲线确定的剪缩屈服曲线在有效应力空间具有良好的规律性,屈服点的有效屈服应力随着中主应力和初始吸力的增大而增大;π平面上的有效应力屈服强度面和强度破坏面与SMP强度准则稳合较好,有效球应力和初始吸力越大,屈服强度面和强度破坏面越大。提出了真三轴条件下弹性剪应变和塑性剪应变的计算公式,通过分析有效应力与塑性应变关系得出有效应力空间中不同子午平面内的塑性势面呈椭圆形,且随着中主应力的增大,椭圆屈服面增大。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2021,(2)
为了研究非饱和黄土在有效应力空间的屈服特性,利用真三轴仪对非饱和原状黄土进行了不排水等向净应力压缩固结和不同中主应力参数b值的剪切试验,研究了真三轴压缩条件下非饱和黄土的有效应力屈服变化规律。研究结果表明:有效应力比随着中主应力或净围压的增大而减小,中主应力的增大作用对有效球应力的影响大于广义剪应力;由有效应力比-体应变关系曲线确定的剪缩屈服曲线在有效应力空间具有良好的规律性,屈服点的有效屈服应力随着中主应力和初始吸力的增大而增大;π平面上的有效应力屈服强度面和强度破坏面与SMP强度准则稳合较好,有效球应力和初始吸力越大,屈服强度面和强度破坏面越大;提出了真三轴条件下弹性剪应变和塑性剪应变的计算公式,通过分析有效应力与塑性应变关系得出有效应力空间中不同子午平面内的塑性势面呈椭圆形,且随着中主应力的增大,椭圆屈服面增大。 相似文献
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传统的塑性位势理论隐含了应力主方向和塑性应变增量主方向共轴的假定,无法客观地描述主应力轴旋转过程中的非共轴现象。基于广义位势理论提出的拟弹性弹塑性本构模型,把总的塑性应变分解为满足弹性分解准则的拟弹性部分和符合传统塑性理论假设的纯塑性部分,分解后建立的模型更为合理和简便,同时又可以解决土的非共轴问题。通过单剪试验结果的验证表明,基于广义位势理论的拟弹性弹塑性模型的模拟效果较好,传统的弹塑性模型（共轴模型）模拟得到的主应力方向和塑性主应变增量方向保持共轴,而拟弹性弹塑性模型（非共轴模型）的模拟结果则能够合理地描述主应力轴旋转过程中的非共轴特性,结果更符合实际,从而为解决土的非共轴特性问题提供了一种有效的方法。 相似文献
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利用空心圆柱扭剪仪对饱和砂土进行了应力主轴固定和偏应力比增大（即定向剪切）、偏应力比不变和应力主轴单调旋转（即纯应力主轴单调旋转）、偏应力比和应力主轴偏转角同时增加、偏应力比和应力主轴偏转角分段增加4个系列的排水剪切试验,着重分析不同应力路径下饱和砂土的变形特性及主应力和主应变增量方向变化规律。试验结果表明,纯应力主轴单调旋转下,主应力增量方向在45°～135°范围内变化,主应变增量方向逐渐偏向主应力方向;偏应力比和应力主轴偏转角同时增加下,砂土变形不断增大,当主应力增量方向 45°时,主应变增量方向与主应力增量方向基本一致,但当 45°时,主应变增量方向逐渐偏离主应力增量方向。当应力状态在偏应力比 0.75、应力主轴偏转角 45°范围内时,体应变、最大剪应变与应力路径无关,且后期纯应力主轴旋转下砂土变形不受前期加载历史的影响。 相似文献
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通过GCTS空心圆柱扭剪仪,分别采用正弦波和三角波两种不同波形模拟海洋波浪的加载形式,对天津滨海吹填土进行一系列三向等压固结条件下的主应力轴循环旋转试验,探讨了动主应力方向连续旋转下循环剪应力幅值及振动波形对吹填土广义剪应变、动强度和孔压特性的影响。试验结果表明,循环剪应力幅值小于临界循环剪应力时,土体广义剪应变变化很小且增长缓慢,加荷波形对土体变形影响较小;循环剪应力幅值超过临界循环剪应力时,土体在较少的振动次数下便产生较大的变形,正弦波作用下广义剪应变的发展速率大于三角波,相同振次下正弦波对应的广义剪应变始终大于三角波。同一波形下破坏标准取值越大,动强度值越大。不同破坏标准下的动强度均随破坏振次增加呈减小趋势,并最终趋于同一数值,同条件时正弦波在主应力轴循环旋转效应下与三角波相比更容易导致土体破坏;对试验数据进行分析,构建了两种波形作用下考虑不同破坏标准时动强度与破坏振次间关系式。同等条件下,正弦波作用下土体孔压增长速率大于三角波,且循环剪应力幅值越大,孔压增长速率越快,但由于黏性土孔压的滞后效应,达到破坏应变时其值相对较小。 相似文献
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为反映真实工程条件下主应力轴旋转应力路径引起土体性状的变化,对杭州地区正常固结原状软黏土在固结不排水的主应力轴定向剪切和主应力轴单调旋转条件下的应力-应变关系进行试验研究。研究发现,不同主应力方向的定向剪切路径下,随主应力方向变化,试样中各应变发挥程度显著不同,但破坏时的临界八面体应变变化较为稳定,且当八面体应变达到5%时,强度发挥程度已接近甚至超过90%。若剪切过程中增加了主应力幅值不变的不排水主应力轴单调旋转应力路径,只要破坏时主应力方向一致,经历与未经历主应力轴旋转试样的临界应变分量接近,但主应力轴旋转会影响加载阶段试样主应力、主应变增量方向所表现出的不共轴性,并且此影响随旋转时剪应力水平的提高而趋于显著,即使在临界破坏状态下依然明显。试验结果表明,由于土体原生各向异性、黏塑性等性质的存在,并不适宜用相关联流动法则来分析主应力轴旋转条件下土体的应力-应变关系特征。 相似文献
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The implications of assuming isotropic elasto–plasticity to model the behaviour of soil under simple shear conditions are considered. For small strains, use of such a model implies the following three consequences: (1) strains and strain increments at any stage of shearing may be expressed as the sum of elastic and plastic components; (2) principal directions of stress and of plastic strain increment are collinear; (3) principal directions of stress increment and of elastic strain increment are collinear. These consequences are used in order to establish relationships between the stresses, stress increments and strains which develop in a simple shear test. No additional assumptions with regards the form of the yield function, the flow rule or the hardening function are required for this development. By defining the ratio of the plastic to the total shear strain increment on the horizontal plane (the plane of zero extension) as λ, it is possible to define the horizontal normal stress σx in terms of λ and other stresses and strains which are normally known during simple shear loading. As a result, all components of the stress tensor in the simple shear plane may be defined. Results of some direct simple shear tests on soft clay have been interpreted using the model and found to be generally consistent with some of the observations reported in the literature from tests in which boundary stresses were measured. 相似文献
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Geotechnical experiments show that Lode angle‐dependent constitutive formulations are appropriate to describe the failure of geomaterials. In the present study, we have adopted one such class of failure criteria along with a versatile constitutive relationship to theoretically analyze the effects of Lode angle on localized shear deformation or shear band formation in loose sand for both drained and undrained conditions. We determine the variation in the possible stress states for shear localization due to the introduction of Lode angle by considering the localized deformation as a bifurcation problem. Further, similar bifurcation analysis is performed for the stress states along a specific loading path, namely, plane strain compression at the constitutive level. In addition, the plane strain compression tests have been simulated as a boundary value finite element problem to see how Lode angle affects the post‐localization response. Results show that the inclusion of a Lode angle parameter within the failure criterion has considerable effects on the onset, plastic strain, and propagation of shear localization in loose sand specimens. For drained condition, we notice early inception of shear localization and multiple band formation when the Lode angle‐dependent failure criterion is used. Undrained localization characteristics, however, found to be independent of Lode angle consideration. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONThe mechanical responses of soils are more com-plicated compared with metals.By comparing thephysical and mechanical properties of the metals withsoils,Lade(1988)found that there are17differentpoints between the metals and soils,which differfrom metals inthree basic mechanical characteristics:pressure sensitivity,dilatancy,and dependence ofstress path.Wang(2004)proposed a principle of theinteraction between plastic volume and shear strains,that is,there are two relatively inde… 相似文献
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Work-softening and hardening behaviour of granular rocks 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Dr. Paul N. Michelis 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1981,14(3):187-200
SummaryWork-Softening and Hardening Behaviour of Granular Rocks Experimental results from granular and dense rocks indicated that the plastic strain increment vector was inclined at a constant angle (approximately 70°) to the tangent of a curve fitted either to peak strength data or to strength data associated with a given value of axial or volumetric strain. The angle of inclination was independent of the direction of stress increment. When a small axial strain was exceeded changes of volumetric strain were found to be non-zero and had a linear relationship with the corresponding changes of axial strain. This applied for both work-softening and work-hardening behaviour. Close links between volumetric strain and microfacturing and between the ratios of stress and of strain increments were revealed. The role of confining pressure was predominant and the mode of deformation was cataclastic for granulated and intact marbles.With 11 Figures 相似文献
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应变软化扩容对含随机缺陷岩石的渐进变形及破坏前兆特征的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
在单轴平面应变压缩条件下, 采用FLAC模拟了剪切扩容对含随机缺陷岩石破坏前兆及变形特征的影响。密实的岩石服从莫尔库仑剪破坏与拉破坏复合的破坏准则, 破坏之后呈现应变软化-理想塑性行为。缺陷在破坏之后经历理想塑性行为。随着轴向应变的增加, 试样内部破坏的单元数目增加, 直到达到一个常数, 该常数随着扩容角的增加而增加。当扩容角较高时, 计算得到的泊松比在峰前就可以超过0.5;剪切扩容于峰前发生; 变形后试样的最终体积大于初始体积。剪切局部化(导致了毗邻块体之间的相对滑动)及剪切扩容(发生于剪切带内部)是非零扩容角试样峰后体积膨胀的原因。在峰前, 通过观察剪切应变增量、破坏的单元数目、侧向应变、计算得到的泊松比及体积应变可以发现, 扩容角越高, 试样破坏的前兆越明显。在低扩容角时, 由于弯曲的剪切带边界, 试样内部充分发展的剪切带的倾角比较分散, 剪切带的倾角更接近Arthur理论。 相似文献
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Since cross-anisotropic sand behaves differently when the loading direction or the stress state changes, the influences of the loading direction and the intermediate principal stress ratio (b = (σ 2 ? σ 3)/(σ 1 ? σ 3)) on the initiation of strain localization need study. According to the loading angle (angle between the major principal stress direction and the normal of bedding plane), a 3D non-coaxial non-associated elasto-plasticity hardening model was proposed by modifying Lode angle formulation of the Mohr–Coulomb yield function and the stress–dilatancy function. By using bifurcation analysis, the model was used to predict the initiation of strain localization under plane strain and true triaxial conditions. The predictions of the plane strain tests show that the major principal strain at the bifurcation points increases with the loading angle, while the stress ratio decreases with the loading angle. According to the loading angle and the intermediate principal stress ratio, the true triaxial tests were analyzed in three sectors. The stress–strain behavior and the volumetric strain in each sector can be well captured by the proposed model. Strain localization occurs in most b value conditions in all three sectors except for those which are close to triaxial compression condition (b = 0). The difference between the peak shear strength corresponding to the strain localization and the ultimate shear strength corresponding to plastic limit becomes obvious when the b value is near 0.4. The influence of bifurcation on the shear strength becomes weak when the loading direction changes from perpendicular to the bedding plane to parallel. The bifurcation analysis based on the proposed model gives out major principal strain and peak shear strength at the initiation of strain localization; the given results are consistent with experiments. 相似文献