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1.
岩石圈板块的分形分其降维演化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据分形理论和各板块的面积以及现代大陆各地块面积资料,分别进行了全球岩石圈板块和全球大陆地块自相似笥特征尺度与频度关系的研究讨论。结果表明,现代全球岩石圈板块在特征线度ｒ＝３００～１８００ｋｍ的无标度空间范围内具有分形分布特征,其九Ｄ＝０．７２;现代全球大陆地块在特征线度ｒ＝３００～１５００ｋｍ的无标度空间范围内具有分形分布特征,其分维数Ｄ＝１．１６,比现代全球板块０．７２的分形值高出６１％。进一 相似文献
2.
地球的层圈结构与穿越层圈构造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从1906年发现地核到20世纪60年代,地球物理学、地质学和矿物物理学的研究揭示了地球具有物理化学性质截然不同的层圈结构,并根据全球地震波速度和密度的变化建立了初始参考地球模型。1967年提出的板块构造理论假定刚性的岩石圈板块在塑性的软流圈之上发生运动,在洋中脊不断形成的洋壳逐渐在海沟俯冲,由于板块是刚性的,变形将主要集中在板块边界。板块构造理论成功地解释了大洋岩石圈的形成和消亡、火山和地震活动带的分布以及全球构造格局,给地球科学带来了一场革命。但是,经典的板块构造理论尚未解决板块运动的起源和驱动力、大陆岩石圈的弥散性变形、大陆深俯冲等问题,因此大陆动力学成为对板块构造理论的重要补充。近年来的研究表明:在板块汇聚边界,大洋岩石圈可以俯冲至地幔过渡带、下地幔,乃至核幔边界;而大陆岩石圈可以俯冲至150~300 km深度,然后相对低密度的陆壳物质快速折返形成含柯石英和微粒金刚石的超高压变质带。地幔柱活动是是俯冲板块再循环的产物,不仅可以形成大火成岩省和洋岛玄武岩,还可以把俯冲到地幔过渡带的物质带回浅部,导致蛇绿岩中保留金刚石和深地幔矿物。因此,俯冲带和地幔柱不仅提供了穿越层圈的物质和能量交换的通道,也驱动了对地球宜居性至关重要的水循环和碳循环,是研究地球物质组成和动力学演化的重要窗口。 相似文献
3.
新疆阿尔泰地区矿床分布的多重分形分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对新疆阿尔泰地区 175个热液金、铜、铅、锌、稀有金属矿床的研究表明 ,该区矿床的空间分布为多重分形分布。在 q=- 2～ 14范围内 ,标度指数为 - 5.4 915～ 12 .80 71,奇异指数 a( q)随 q值变化较大 ,为 0 .92 4 8～ 2 .2 865,分维谱具单峰曲线特征。q=0时 ,在 1～ 150 km尺度范围内出现二个分形关系 ,在 1～ 16km尺度范围内 D0 值为 0 .2 3,在 16～ 150 km尺度范围内 D0 值为 1.51。导致该区矿床多重分形分布的主要原因是在不同尺度下矿床的形成控制机理的不同和矿床的勘探研究程度较低 ,该区还有较大的找矿前景。 相似文献
4.
超越板块构造——我国构造地质学要做些什么? 总被引：25，自引：1，他引：24
对近十年来全球构造学和构造地质学的重要进展进行了简要评述.30年前建立的全球构造理论改变了人们对地球及其演化的认识.作为固体地球统一理论的板块构造主要涉及刚性板块边界之间的变形、地震活动和火山作用.至今还没有完整理论阐明板块运动的驱动力和地幔对流机制.板块边界和板内变形等许多问题仍然无法回答.大陆岩石圈和大洋岩石圈在成分、厚度和力学强度方面有明显的差别, 因此现有板块构造不完全适合于大陆构造.大陆地壳和地幔流变学的综合研究是认识大陆构造和超越板块构造的最佳途径.流变学是大陆造山带几何学和动力学的桥梁.大陆岩石圈对构造作用、重力作用和热作用的响应在很大程度上取决于其流变强度.岩石圈流变性质是岩石圈分层和塑性流动的主导因素.大量透入性变形和巨型大陆造山带内部构造显示非刚性特征.大陆构造和力学行为主要由地壳强度而不是地幔强度所控制.从大陆岩石圈多层性和力学强度不均匀性表征看, 现在是抛弃传统“三明治”构造模式的时候了.面对地球系统科学和地球动力学新思维发展趋势, 多学科综合研究大陆构造(造山带)和加速高水平构造地质学人才的培养是我国构造地质学发展的最紧迫任务 相似文献
5.
以九嶷山地区ETM+遥感影像数据为信息源,通过信息提取与解译快速获取该区断裂构造。运用分形理论的盒维数法对断裂构造体系进行分形研究,结果表明,区内断裂构造在0.05～2.75km尺度范围内具有良好的自相似性和分形特征,总体分维值D=1.1155、R2=0.9964,分维值接近中国大地构造单元稳定区分维值;不同走向断裂分维值D在0.9184～1.0441间、R2介于0.9983～0.9996间,各分维值D不仅定量描述了各走向断裂分布的复杂性和构造演化的成熟度,而且还反映了断裂的成矿作用:NE向断裂分维值最大,D值在1.0441附近时主要表现为导矿构造;SN向断裂分维值次之,D在0.9870附近时主要表现为控矿构造;NW向断裂分维值偏小,D在0.9502附近时主要表现为含矿构造。 相似文献
6.
以九嶷山地区ETM+遥感影像数据为信息源,通过信息提取与解译快速获取该区断裂构造.运用分形理论的盒维数法对断裂构造体系进行分形研究,结果表明,区内断裂构造在0.05～2.75km尺度范围内具有良好的自相似性和分形特征,总体分维值D=1.1155、R2=0.9964,分维值接近中国大地构造单元稳定区分维值;不同走向断裂分维值D在0.9184～1.0441间、R2介于0.9983 ～0.9996间,各分维值D不仅定量描述了各走向断裂分布的复杂性和构造演化的成熟度,而且还反映了断裂的成矿作用:NE向断裂分维值最大,D值在1.0441附近时主要表现为导矿构造;SN向断裂分维值次之,D在0.9870附近时主要表现为控矿构造;NW向断裂分维值偏小,D在0.9502附近时主要表现为含矿构造. 相似文献
7.
大理岩冲击加载试验碎块的分形特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用分形几何的方法对冲击加载试验中大理岩破碎块度分布进行统计分析。结果表明,大理岩的冲击破碎块度分布具有分形特征,采用破碎分形维数对岩石破碎过程进行定量描述,可以合理地反映大理岩冲击破碎的程度;大理岩的平均破碎块度与冲击加载速率有着较强的相关性,随着加载速率的提高迅速减小;建立了能量吸收与破碎分维的关系,从能量吸收的角度可以较好地解释破碎分维的变化规律。破碎分维是评价岩石冲击破碎块度分布的理想指标,可较为全面地反映岩石冲击破碎的全过程。 相似文献
8.
湘中断裂体系分维与锑矿分布 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
笔者将分形几何学的原理和方法,应用于湘中地区断裂体系的二维平面分布特征研究,发现在研究的标度范围内（ｒ约２～８０ｋｍ）不仅具有统计自相似性,并且同一地区,不同分区具有不同的分维值Ｄ,分维值分布特征为东南区分维值高于西北区分维值,将本区断裂体系的这种分维值分布特征与锑矿床分布特征对比,可发现锑矿床（点）产出较多,矿床规模较大的地区,其分维值较大。 相似文献
9.
黄骅坳陷中区断裂系统分形研究 总被引：12，自引：10，他引：2
利用分形几何方法分析了黄骅坳陷中区断裂分布的分形特征,以探讨该区断裂系统的发育规律及其与油气的关系。利用数盒子方法进行分析表明,黄骅坳陷中区断裂系统在标度区间1.75～7km具有很好的统计自相似性。根据断裂分维值等值线可知,海岸线两侧断裂分维值分布规律有着明显不同,显示了两侧断裂系统在形成机制上的差异性。研究区分维值自西向东逐渐增大,在歧口凹陷南北两侧有着最高的分维值。结合黄骅坳陷中区断裂系统的形成机制及油田的分布,初步探讨了断裂分形特征与黄骅坳陷中区断裂系统的形成机制及断裂分形特征与油田分布之间的关系。研究结果表明,断裂系统分维值的变化特征与断裂的发育规律有着很好的相关性,断裂发育程度高的地区其分维值也更高,也将更有利于油气的运聚。 相似文献
10.
高龙金矿区高分辨率遥感线性构造分形特征及综合成矿预测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用分形几何学的原理和方法，结合目前全球分辨率最高的商业成像卫星——Quick Bird-2高分辨率卫星遥感资料，对广西高龙金矿区遥感线性构造进行了定量研究。结果显示，在0．250～2．000km标度范围内，用盒计维数法求得的全区的分维值D-1．660，回归直线的相关系数R=0．999，且已知的鸡公岩、金龙山和龙爱三个矿段均落在分维高值区。研究表明，就整个矿区而言，近EW向线性构造较近SN向线性构造更为发育。提出了两个成矿预测区，并利用地球化学分析方法进行验证，取得了很好的成矿预测效果。 相似文献
11.
中国断裂构造的分形特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
谭凯旋 《大地构造与成矿学》1998,22(1):17-20
中国大陆壳体中深大断裂的分布具有分形结构特征。大陆全境的分维值为1．493,各构造区的分维值为0．827～1．624。活动区特别是地洼区中断裂构造分维值（1．236～1．624）显著大于稳定区即地台区的分维值（0．827～1．074）,并且壳体结合部位的分维值大于壳内部位。断裂构造的分维值反映了区域大地构造演化、运动历史的复杂性和构造活动的强弱性,因而可作为大地构造研究的一个定量参数。 相似文献
12.
The age of continental roots 总被引：39，自引：0，他引：39
D. G. Pearson 《Lithos》1999,48(1-4):171-194
Determination of the age of the mantle part of continental roots is essential to our understanding of the evolution and stability of continents. Dating the rocks that comprise the mantle root beneath the continents has proven difficult because of their high equilibration temperatures and open-system geochemical behaviour. Much progress has been made in the last 20 years that allows us to see how continental roots have evolved in different areas. The first indication of the antiquity of continental roots beneath cratons came from the enriched Nd and Sr isotopic signatures shown by both peridotite xenoliths and inclusions in diamonds, requiring isolation of cratonic roots from the convecting mantle for billions of years. The enriched Nd and Sr isotopic signatures result from mantle metasomatic events post-dating the depletion events that led to the formation and isolation of the peridotite from convecting mantle. These signatures document a history of melt– and fluid–rock interaction within the lithospheric mantle. In some suites of cratonic rocks, such as eclogites, Nd and Pb isotopes have been able to trace probable formation ages. The Re–Os isotope system is well suited to dating lithospheric peridotites because of the compatible nature of Os and its relative immunity to post-crystallisation disturbance compared with highly incompatible element isotope systems. Os isotopic compositions of lithospheric peridotites are overwhelmingly unradiogenic and indicate long-term evolution in low Re/Os environments, probably as melt residues. Peridotite xenoliths from kimberlites can show some disturbed Re/Os systematics but analyses of representative suites show that beneath cratons the oldest Re depletion model ages are Archean and broadly similar to major crust-forming events. Some locations, such as Premier in southern Africa, and Lashaine in Tanzania, indicate more recent addition of lithospheric material to the craton, in the Proterozoic, or later. Of the cratons studies so far (Kaapvaal, Siberia, Wyoming and Tanzania), all indicate Archean formation of their lithospheric mantle roots. Few localities studied show any clear variation of age with depth of derivation, indicating that >150 km of lithosphere may have formed relatively rapidly. In circum-cratonic areas where the crustal basement is Proterozoic in age kimberlite-derived xenoliths give Proterozoic model ages, matching the age of the overlying crust. This behaviour shows how the crust and mantle parts of continental lithospheric roots have remained coupled since formation in these areas, for billions of years, despite continental drift. Orogenic massifs show more systematic behaviour of Re–Os isotopes, where correlations between Os isotopic composition and S or Re content yield initial Os isotopic ratios that define Re depletion model ages for the massifs. Ongoing Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf–Os isotopic studies of massif peridotites and new kimberlite- and basalt-borne xenolith suites from new areas, will soon enable a global understanding of the age of continental roots and their subsequent evolution. 相似文献
13.
成矿系统嵌套分形结构和自有序效应 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
成矿系统具有嵌套分形结构 ,岩石孔隙结构的传输性质制约着聚矿功能的实现。矿床(脉 )群聚分形分布特征明显 ,数量随时代先后呈幂律增长 ,成矿裂隙系统分维值大 ,高含量矿脉分维值低 ,这为隐伏矿床 (体 )预测提供了依据。裂隙生长是一种自组织临界现象 ,矿脉起源于微裂隙发展而成的张性裂隙 ,并最终形成脉系。超大型矿床的裂隙系统表现为临界分维状态 (5～ 12 5km ,D≈ 1 5;0 5～ 2 0km ,D≈ 1 3;1～ 10 0cm ,D≈ 1 5;0 0 0 36～ 0 18cm ,D =1 2 8～1 39)。成矿元素运移通过扩散和渗流实现 ,扩散速率的差异性导致运移路径的有序性 ,流体流动导致金及金属硫化物在界面处发生反应而沉淀成矿 ,矿床密度分布随矿化中心距离增大而减小的自有序效应保证了成矿系统的组织层次性。输运反应耦合成矿动力学计算机模拟验证了分形脉体演化模式和自有序效应。 相似文献
14.
中国大陆山系、断层系的分形分维探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文以中国为例运用分形理论对山系、断层系及其关系进行了相关研究,不仅判定了山系、断层系的分形性质,探讨了二者分维的地学意义,而且根据分数维的相关性,深入进行了二者关系的探讨,并从一个新的角度探讨了断层系的形成机制。 相似文献
15.
Irina M. Artemieva 《Tectonophysics》2006,416(1-4):245
This paper reports a new 1° × 1° global thermal model for the continental lithosphere (TC1). Geotherms for continental terranes of different ages (> 3.6 Ga to present) constrained by reliable data on borehole heat flow measurements (Artemieva, I.M., Mooney, W.D. 2001. Thermal structure and evolution of Precambrian lithosphere: a global study. J. Geophys. Res 106, 16387–16414.), are statistically analyzed as a function of age and are used to estimate lithospheric temperatures in continental regions with no or low-quality heat flow data (ca. 60% of the continents). These data are supplemented by cratonic geotherms based on electromagnetic and xenolith data; the latter indicate the existence of Archean cratons with two characteristic thicknesses, ca. 200 and > 250 km. A map of tectono-thermal ages of lithospheric terranes complied for the continents on a 1° × 1° grid and combined with the statistical age relationship of continental geotherms (z = 0.04 t + 93.6, where z is lithospheric thermal thickness in km and t is age in Ma) formed the basis for a new global thermal model of the continental lithosphere (TC1). The TC1 model is presented by a set of maps, which show significant thermal heterogeneity within continental upper mantle, with the strongest lateral temperature variations (as large as 800 °C) in the shallow mantle. A map of the depth to a 550 °C isotherm (Curie isotherm for magnetite) in continental upper mantle is presented as a proxy to the thickness of the magnetic crust; the same map provides a rough estimate of elastic thickness of old (> 200 Ma) continental lithosphere, in which flexural rigidity is dominated by olivine rheology of the mantle.Statistical analysis of continental geotherms reveals that thick (> 250 km) lithosphere is restricted solely to young Archean terranes (3.0–2.6 Ga), while in old Archean cratons (3.6–3.0 Ga) lithospheric roots do not extend deeper than 200–220 km. It is proposed that the former were formed by tectonic stacking and underplating during paleocollision of continental nuclei; it is likely that such exceptionally thick lithospheric roots have a limited lateral extent and are restricted to paleoterrane boundaries. This conclusion is supported by an analysis of the growth rate of the lithosphere since the Archean, which does not reveal a peak in lithospheric volume at 2.7–2.6 Ga as expected from growth curves for juvenile crust.A pronounced peak in the rate of lithospheric growth (10–18 km3/year) at 2.1–1.7 Ga (as compared to 5–8 km3/year in the Archean) well correlates with a peak in the growth of juvenile crust and with a consequent global extraction of massif-type anorthosites. It is proposed that large-scale variations in lithospheric thickness at cratonic margins and at paleoterrane boundaries controlled anorogenic magmatism. In particular, mid-Proterozoic anorogenic magmatism at the cratonic margins was caused by edge-driven convection triggered by a fast growth of the lithospheric mantle at 2.1–1.7 Ga. Belts of anorogenic magmatism within cratonic interiors can be caused by a deflection of mantle heat by a locally thickened lithosphere at paleosutures and, thus, can be surface manifestations of exceptionally thick lithospheric roots. The present volume of continental lithosphere as estimated from the new global map of lithospheric thermal thickness is 27.8 (± 7.0) × 109 km3 (excluding submerged terranes with continental crust); preserved continental crust comprises ca. 7.7 × 109 km3. About 50% of the present continental lithosphere existed by 1.8 Ga. 相似文献
16.
17.
On Fractal Dimensions of China's Coastlines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The fractal dimensions of China's coastlines are preliminarily discussed on the basis of GIS in this paper. Some significant conclusions are drawn. The fractal relationship between the length of China's continental coastline L and the yardstick r is log L = 3.99 – 0.16 log r on the scale 1:2,500,000 map. The fractal relationship between the length of Jiangsu province's coastline and the yardstick may be established as log L = 2.82 – 0.10 log r on the scale 1:50,000 map. Using the divider method, the fractal dimension of China's continental coastline is 1.16, Taiwan Island is 1.04, etc. The fractal dimensions of coastlines of the Bohai sea, the Yellow sea, the East China sea, and the South China sea tend to increase from north to south, indicating that the complexity of China's coastlines increases toward low latitudes. The substantial components of coast, biological function, and climate from north to south result in a change in fractal dimensions along the coasts of China. The fractal dimension of a coastline is different from the average fractal dimension of all its parts. The more parts of a coastline, the larger the difference between the fractal dimension of the original coastline and the average fractal dimension of all its parts. Faults control the basic trends and fractal dimensions of coastlines as a whole in the studied areas of Taiwan Island and Changle-Lufeng. The more the controlling effect of the faults, the smaller the fractal dimension of the coastline. The less the controlling effect of the faults, the larger the fractal dimension of the coastline. The results indicate that the faults control not only the basic trend of a coastline but also the complexity in the studied areas of Taiwan Island and Changle-Lufeng. 相似文献
18.
M. SANDIFORD 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2010,28(6):569-577
Variations in gravitational potential energy contribute to the intraplate stress field thereby providing the means by which lithospheric density structure is communicated at the plate scale. In this light, the near equivalence in the gravitational potential energy of typical continental lithosphere with the mid‐ocean ridges is particularly intriguing. Assuming this equivalence is not simply a chance outcome of continental growth, it then probably involves long‐term modulation of the density configuration of the continents via stress regimes that are able to induce significant strains over geological time. Following this notion, this work explores the possibility that the emergence of a chemically, thermally and mechanically structured continental lithosphere reflects a set of thermally sensitive feedback mechanisms in response to Wilson cycle oscillatory forcing about an ambient stress state set by the mid‐ocean ridge system. Such a hypothesis requires the continents are weak enough to sustain long‐term (108 years) strain rates of the order of ～10?17 s?1 as suggested by observations that continental lithosphere is almost everywhere critically stressed, by estimates of seismogenic strain rates in stable continental interiors such as Australia and by the low‐temperature thermochronological record of the continents that requires significant relief generation on the 108 year time‐scale. Furthermore, this notion provides a mechanism that helps explain interpretations of recently published heat flow data that imply the distribution of heat‐producing elements within the continents may be tuned to produce a characteristic thermal regime at Moho depths. 相似文献
19.
根据浙江293个有开采价值的中生代热液萤石、金、银和铅锌矿床数据,在矿床地质研究基础上探讨了这些矿床的空间和储量分形问题。研究表明,在两个尺度范围内,矿床在空间上呈分形分布,其中群集分布的分维数D分别为0.1405-0.3778(1-20km)和0.7168-1.1851(20-750km);密度分布的分维数D分别为0.294-1.1242(1-40km)和0.135-0.252(40-750km)。研究还发现矿床的频度-大小分布也是分形的,其储量分形分布的分维数为萤石(浙江)D=2.34萤石(中国)D=2.13:铅锌(浙江)D=2.27;银(浙江)D=1.63:金(浙江)D=1.09。 相似文献
20.
海南岛中西部金矿集中区断裂构造的分形研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
利用数盒子法对海南岛中西部金矿集中区断层分布统计表明 :断层系统在 5～ 75km尺度内符合分形分布 ,其分维值为 1 .70。根据成矿系统的差异 ,将全区分为 9个子区块 ,各子区块断层系统在 2 .5～ 2 5km尺度内均符合分形分布 ,其分维值介于 0 .6 6～ 1 .72之间。断层分维值的大小可作为判断矿化强弱的指标 :断层的分维值≥ 1 .5 ,是矿化集中区的标志 ;分维值小于 1 .4 ,不利于规模成矿 ;断层的分维值较大 ,是形成金矿化的有利条件 ,若形成超大型矿床 ,则断层系统需处于临界分维状态(Dc≈ 1 .5 )。白沙元门地区断层分维 (D =1 .4 9)接近于临界分维 ,预示该区有良好的找矿前景。基于离散元方法 (UDEC)的数值模拟显示 :随着断层分维值增大 ,则变形趋强、连通性更好、渗透率增大 ;临界状态下断层间的连通性好 ,变形及渗透率突然增加且变形及流体流动局限于骨干断层中 ,即临界状态下最有利于形成含矿流体的局域化分布 相似文献