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1.
根据亚洲粉尘关键区域(中国沙漠、黄土高原、青藏高原和中国历史降尘区)大气气溶胶中15～28种元素的浓度-粒度分布、沉降速率和通量分析,以及元素示踪系统的进一步解析,发现中国北方沙漠存在两个粉尘地-气交换较活跃区域,即中国西部沙漠和北部沙漠高粉尘区,且证明这两个区域及其邻区是亚洲粉尘和黄土高原黄土主要源区的中心区域;通过对5个亚太区域粉尘沉降量的模式估算,得出亚洲粉尘释放总量每年约为800Tg,约相当于全球沙漠排放总量的一半;粉尘与黄土的对比表明,亚洲粉尘区域尺度输送受季风环流控制,但间冰期时并不取决于尘暴过程,而全球尺度输送主要由高空西风完成,无论冰期、间冰期均受尘暴过程控制;粉尘通量的结果表明干沉降是粉尘在黄土区沉降的主要过程,且晚第四纪粉尘沉积的再改造份额不超过其沉积总量的10%;元素示踪系统应用于风成黄土,发现在间冰期北部沙漠源区输出的粉尘量增加,而在冰期西部源区输出的粉尘量增加.这种晚第四纪亚洲粉尘“源区摆动”的快速变化其实是全球千年尺度气候变化的一环,并可视为过去北半球大气环流长期变化的代用序列. 相似文献
2.
青藏高原东缘气候变化历史对认识区域乃至全球气候动力成因有重要意义。本文基于笔者近年来在青藏高原东缘获取的湖泊记录,并汇总他人研究成果,探讨了高原东缘近2000年气候变化历史。已有的研究表明青藏高原东缘北部(NETP)和南部(S-ETP)近2000年水文气候存在显著的区域差异。N-ETP地区中世纪总体温暖湿润,小冰期寒冷干燥,近100~200年温暖湿润,表现为"暖湿-冷干"气候模式;而S-ETP地区中世纪温暖干旱,小冰期寒冷湿润,近100~200年温暖干旱,表现为"冷湿-暖干"气候模式。对比分析表明:N-ETP地区气候模式与东亚夏季风广泛区域气候模式相似;而S-ETP地区气候模式与多数印度夏季风地区气候模式相似。因而认为这样大尺度的水文气候差异可能与不同区域大气环流差异以及赤道太平洋-印度洋海表面温度变化及其引起的大气环流的强度及位置的变化有关。 相似文献
3.
气候模拟显示,中国在古近纪曾被带状干旱带控制并被大面积沙漠沉积覆盖,然而在中国境内,尤其是在青藏高原周边气候变化与青藏高原隆升耦合敏感地区却鲜有发现,一定程度制约了东亚季风起源时间和气候变化研究。本文通过岩性、沉积结构、沉积构造、石英砂颗粒表面特征、铁质黏土套的化学成分特征和风成沙丘分布面积综合分析,证实了剑川盆地古近系始新统宝相寺组中段典型沙漠沉积的存在。古风向重建显示,沙漠早期为西风控制,晚期为西北风控制并伴随有初始季风雨。综合分析区域地质证据可见,青藏高原东缘始新世中晚期经历了一个由干旱到潮湿的气候剧变事件,而沙漠的消失即为该事件的标志。研究区古近纪风向偏转、初始季风雨的出现以及沙漠的消失表明,东亚季风可能始于晚始新世。本文进一步确证了青藏高原东缘古近纪沙漠的存在,对深化研究东亚季风起源的时间及其与青藏高原隆升的耦合关系具重要意义。 相似文献
4.
沙漠沉积是地质历史演化过程中的一种特殊沉积,是特殊气候条件下的产物,对研究全球气候变化、大气环流样式具有独特的作用。沙漠沉积在地质历史中普遍存在但极少保存,它的发现和研究对恢复地质历史具有重要意义。研究表明,现代东亚季风系统建立前,尤其是古近纪早、中期,青藏高原东缘仍然处于行星环流所控制的干旱带内,发育了大量代表干旱炎热气候的石膏与盐类沉积,但至今尚未找到沙漠存在的确切记录。近年来,笔者采用沉积学、古气候学、古地理学等手段,并结合前人研究资料,对青藏高原东缘沉积盆地的古近纪早、中期红色地层进行了综合研究。结果表明,青藏高原东缘存在一个厚度稳定的古近纪早、中期风成沙丘富集带。在此基础上,通过古地理、沉积模式及古气候替代指标等分析,论证了青藏高原东缘存在古近纪盆山型沙漠沉积体系的可能性。沉积相、古流向分析揭示,青藏高原东缘存在一个由干旱向潮湿、由行星风系向季风风系转换的界面,可能暗示了东亚季风建立事件的发生。本研究相关成果可为新生代中国干旱带演化与全球气候变化研究提供可贵的沉积学资料,也可为青藏高原隆升与东亚季风起源研究提供重要的大气环流证据。 相似文献
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《地球科学进展》2017,(10)
我国季风影响过渡区既是典型的生态过渡区和生态环境脆弱带,也是我国干旱和水土流失最为严重的区域,其陆—气相互作用在天气气候演变过程中扮演着重要角色,所以该特殊区域陆—气相互作用研究是一个重要的科学问题。为此,国家自然科学基金重点资助"我国典型夏季风影响过渡区陆—气相互作用及其对夏季风响应研究"课题专门针对此问题开展研究。在归纳我国夏季风活动的特点、夏季风影响过渡区的形成及其气候环境特征的基础上,总结了目前夏季风影响过渡区及其陆—气相互作用研究进展,综合分析了该地区陆—气相互作用的特殊性。并且提出了该领域研究存在的主要科学问题及未来的研究方向。这对今后深入研究我国夏季风影响过渡区陆—气相互作用问题具有科学指导意义。 相似文献
6.
气候冷暖变化问题是全球科学家研究的一个聚焦点,但高海拔地区的气候变化过程尚不十分清楚,作为全球气候变化的敏感区的青藏高原更是如此. 以青藏高原北部的古里雅冰芯、唐古拉冰芯和南部的达索普冰芯、宁金岗桑冰芯δ18O记录作为温度代用指标,同时结合青藏高原西北缘的吉尔吉斯斯坦Naryn站长期气象记录和北半球同时期的气温变化进行比较,研究了过去100 a来青藏高原北部和南部的温度变化. 结果显示：青藏高原过去100 a来共出现1910年左右、1920年左右、1950年左右、1970年代4个冷期,各冷期之间对应出现4次暖期,并且变冷的程度越来越弱而变暖的程度越来越强. 其次,青藏高原气候的变冷变暖在不同地区和不同时段差异很大：从空间尺度上看,青藏高原北部变暖过程比南部更强烈;从时间尺度上看,1910年左右和1920年左右的两次变冷十分明显,但1950年左右和1970年代的两次变冷不明显. 另外,虽然有发生在1990年代早期的短暂降温过程,但与其说是一个冷事件,还不如说是一次变暖过程中的短暂停顿,随后表现为持续升温. 相似文献
7.
220ka BP来萨拉乌苏河流域地质剖面地球化学特征及其对全球气候变化的响应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
萨拉乌苏河流域位于我国北方沙漠/黄土过渡带和生态脆弱带,它对全球气候变化反映非常敏感,是研究全球气候变化响应的理想区域.对该区域滴哨沟湾剖面地球化学元素氧化物及其比值变化进行了分析,结果表明:约220 ka BP以来我国北方气候变化极不稳定,存在着不同时间尺度的频繁变化,这种不稳定性无论是在冰期还是间冰期都有很好的反映.其中倒数第二次间冰期存在3次气候波动;倒数第二次冰期存在7个气候旋回;末次间冰期存在7个气候旋回;末次冰期存在9个气候旋回.这些气候变化与深海氧同位素、极地冰芯反映的全球变化具有良好的对应关系,反映了该区气候变化与全球变化的高度一致性. 相似文献
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青藏高原早更新世末期的快速隆升对全球气候变化、中国西部盆山地貌形成与荒漠化的发展有着重大影响。高原东北缘敦煌盆地早更新世河湖相沉积物粒度分析和红色泥岩36Cl 断代法定年结果表明：早更新世晚期（1.164 ~1.087 Ma B.P.）,青藏高原北部党金山快速隆升,砾石层和粗砂层发育,沉积速率加快;1.087~ 0.809 Ma B. P.,山脉隆升速度变缓,沉积速率降低;0.809 Ma B. P.以来,受山脉隆升的影响,敦煌盆地气候逐渐变得干旱,沙漠形成。区域分析表明,沉积速率所反映的中国中西部山脉隆升最新的年代存在差别,不同时期高原的隆升产生不同的气候效应。因此,构造隆升和气候变化的细节尚待进一步研究。 相似文献
10.
青藏高原及其周边位于东亚季风、印度季风与西风环流系统的交汇地带,是气候变化的敏感区和影响显著区。刻画青藏高原及其邻区降水的空间分布以及干湿气候区边界位置,不仅对深入认识该地区大气环流分布形势具有重要意义,同时还可以进一步加深对欧亚大陆大气环流动力学过程的理解。通过对青藏高原及其周边现代地表沉积岩石磁学参数空间分布特征的综合集成研究,结合300多个气象站点近70年气温和降水数据的详细对比分析,发现降水量是控制青藏高原及其邻区地表土壤磁学性质变化的主要因素,表土磁学性质可以用于揭示高原及其邻区降水的空间分布。已发表及新获取的700余块表土样品成壤相关的磁学参数呈现出显著的空间梯度变化,揭示出北祁连山—横断山以及帕米尔高原—北天山是青藏高原及其周边地区2条重要的成壤强度分界线,其大致分别对应半湿润—半干旱区（400 mm）以及干旱和半干旱区（200 mm）的干湿气候区降水界线。此外,高原北部及其周边多个末次冰期—间冰期以来的风尘沉积剖面磁学参数的空间对比结果,还进一步揭示第四纪冰期时,随着全球变冷,干旱化加剧导致高原北部气候梯度差异显著减小,全球冰量变化可能是控制高原北部气候格局演化的主要因... 相似文献
11.
Fluidolite, a new genetic rock type that was formed under the leading role of the deep decompression fluid explosions, was
first revealed in the Northern Prielbrusye. The geological position, textures, structures, and peculiarities of the petrographic
and chemical composition of fluidolites are described. 相似文献
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The first Chinese geologist who investigated the Devonian rocks of northernYunnan was Y. T. Chao who, in 1929, went from Suifu to northernChaotung where he met his tragic death at the hands of bandits. Ten yearslater, W. Y. Lin made a swift reconnaissance in the same region but he did 相似文献
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Jacques Marcadon 《GeoJournal》1999,48(1):15-20
This paper examines some of the contemporary features of containerisation at the ports of Northern and Western Europe. Ports
are having to adjust to a wide range of forces, both local and global. Enhanced competition between ports is shaping developments.
Ports have to keep pace with technological developments and thus there are great pressures to expand their facilities. In
addition, links with hinterland markets have to be improved and extended. The paper demonstrates that these pressures are
being felt throughout the port system, and through a series of individual and regional examples the dynamism of the European
port system is exposed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
M. Boccaletti M. Coli C. Eva G. Ferrari G. Giglia A. Lazzarotto F. Merlanti R. Nicolich G. Papani D. Postpischl 《Tectonophysics》1985,117(1-2)
The Northern Apennines have been subdivided into homogeneous zones, on the basis of recent structural evolution and crustal structure, in which the earthquake distribution can find a coherent framework. These zones, whose physiography is in strict connection with their structure, are: the Internal Peri-Tyrrhenian Belt; the External or Main Belt; the Buried Belt; and the Pede-Alpine Homocline. Earthquake activity has a tendency to cluster along well-defined bands, particularly in the easternmost border of the Peri-Tyrrhenian Belt, as well as along the zone between the External Belt and the Buried Belt, i.e. along the Padanian margin of the Northern Apennines.A minimum of seismic activity seems to be correlated with some zones of the External Belt, as well as with the Late Tertiary and Quaternary magmatic province of Tyrrhenian Southern Tuscany.The fault-plane solutions are coherent with the structural picture.A tentative seismotectonic model of the Northern Apennines is discussed. 相似文献
17.
Conclusion There is no doubt that Northern Ireland's lignite deposits are of high quality and constitute a natural resource of considerable potential value in this small, peripheral part of the European Community. Whether or not one or more will be used commercially and, if so, when depends on an interacting complex of economic, social and political factors. In purely economic terms, use will be effectively determined by lignite's economic competitiveness as a fuel dor electricity generation and on the relationship between capital and fuel costs. The economics of other possibly viable products such as lignite briquettes will be heavily dependent on the use of by-products of electricity generation, most notably surplus heat.The availability of lignite offers an alternative fuel option to those charged with formulating the Province's energy policy. If, as now seems likely, it is no longer a serious competitor for the power station planned for the mid-1990's, it most certainly is a competitor for the early part of the next century. This is particularly so in view of its low sulphur content which is about half that of Scottish coal on an energy equivalent basis. Lignite also offers security of supply at predictable prices, an important advantage, and thus carries a premium over coal, oil and natural gas which are imported at prices determined wholly exogenously.As the Province has by far the highest rate of regional unemployment in the United Kingdom, one argument advanced for the use of indigenous lignite is that its use in electricity generation would create much needed additional employment — an estimated 400 jobs being associated with the mining operations needed to support a 450 MW power station. But the Coagh example shows that other considerations must be taken seriously. It is extremely unlikely that the lignite in this area will ever be worked unless local attitudes change dramatically or there is some national fuel crisis which would over-ride local opposition. It is difficult enough developing lignite without having to contend with such strong resistance at the local level.This study has shown that certainly in the Northern Irish context it is highly important for the policy makers not only to consider the economic factors involved in choice of an energy fuel but to work closely with local communities and the various environmental bodies, to take their perceptions, right or wrong, into consideration. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》1999,14(4):411-422
A 3 a data set of isotopes in precipitation from northern Chile show a very distinct pattern, with δ18O values ranging between −18 and −15‰ at high altitude stations, compared to δ18O values between −10 and −6‰ at the lower altitude areas. The 18O-depleted values observed in the high altitude area, the Altiplano, are related to processes that affect the air masses that originated over the Atlantic, cross the Amazon Basin (continental effect), ascend the Andes (altitude effect) and precipitated (convective effect) in the Altiplano. It is postulated that a second source of moisture, associated with air masses from the Pacific, may contribute to the 18O-enriched values observed in the lower altitude areas. Similar isotopic patterns are documented in springs and groundwater indicating that the data presented in this paper are an accurate representation of the long term behavior isotopic composition of rain in northern Chile. 相似文献
20.
A.H.G. Mitchell 《Tectonophysics》1985,116(3-4)
Comparison with other arc systems suggests that in the fore-arc area of the northern Sunda Arc emplacement of chromite and jadeite-bearing serpentinite melange diapirs and deposition of olistostromes were caused by Campanian collision with a continental fragment since underthrust eastwards beneath the arc. The age and position of east-directed thrusts and associated tin granites in the continental back-arc area implies that thrusting and generation of granites were genetically related to the collision, and that the back-thrusts were coupled to the fore-arc thrusts by a decollement beneath the fore-arc basin and magmatic arc. Subsidence and sedimentation in the fore-arc basin succeeded collision, and rise of the back-arc Shan Plateau possibly resulted from late Cenozoic relaxation of collision-related compressive stress. 相似文献