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含金夕卡岩矿床产出构造环境和地质地球化学评价标志 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
近十几年来,含金夕卡岩矿床的勘查与研究在国内外取得了很大的进展,发现了一批大型矿床,从而引人注目。含金夕卡岩矿床主要集中分布于环太平洋成矿带,按其产出构造环境可分为三类,即中（新）生代褶皱带、古生代褶皱带和地盾（台）区。控矿地层主要为石炭—二叠系和三叠系碳酸盐岩,次为第三系和寒武系等。有关岩浆岩大多为浅成钙碱性中酸性侵入岩,属Ⅰ型;时代以燕山期和喜山期为主,少数为华力西期、加里东期和印支期。含金夕卡岩绝大多数为钙夕卡岩,只有少数属镁夕卡岩,又可进一步划分为还原型和氧化型。金属矿物组合的特征是常有砷化物、铋化物和碲化物存在,Ｃｕ,Ａｕ,Ａｇ,Ａｓ,Ｂｉ,Ｔｅ,Ｃｏ和Ｓｅ等元素组合是含金夕卡岩特征性的地球化学标志。矿床（田）常具明显的交代矿化分带,并可构成一定成矿系列,其综合交代矿化分带模式,自岩体向碳酸盐围岩方向依次为：Ｃｕ（Ｍｏ）→Ｃｕ（Ｆｅ）→Ｃｕ（Ａｕ）→Ａｕ→Ａｕ（Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ,Ａｇ）。矿物共生组合和流体包裹体研究表明,夕卡岩矿物形成于６８０～３２０℃,盐度为ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）＝５９５％～１８６％,金的沉淀发生在夕卡岩期后的退化热液交代阶段,大致相当于温度为３５０～１５３℃,盐度ｗ（ＮａＣｌ）＝２４％～? 相似文献
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青海西部祁漫塔格地区主要矽卡岩铁多金属矿床成矿地质背景和矿化蚀变特征 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
青海西部祁漫塔格地区矽卡岩铁多金属矿床分布广泛,目前已成为中国西部最重要和最有找矿潜力的矽卡岩铁多金属成矿带.在大地构造上,该地区属东昆仑造山带;成矿主要与印支期(204～237Ma)闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩有关;控矿地层包括蓟县系狼牙山组大理岩、硅质岩,奥陶系-志留系滩间山群大理岩、碎屑岩、硅质岩、中-基性火山岩和石炭系结晶灰岩、碎屑岩等.区内发育3类矽卡岩,即钙矽卡岩、镁矽卡岩和锰质矽卡岩,以前者为主.钙矽卡岩常伴生Fe、Cu、Mo(Pb,Zn)矿化,镁矽卡岩主要伴生Fe矿化,锰质矽卡岩则伴生Pb、Zn(Ag)矿化;矿石矿物组合多种多样,矿化具有一定的分带性.内接触带侵入岩广泛发育钾长石化,与矽卡岩类型一起构成该类矿床的重要找矿标志之一. 相似文献
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从地质产状、矿物组合和岩石化学成分等方面探讨了个旧塘子凹接触带不同类型夕卡岩的特征。该夕卡岩带从内侧到外侧常具有辉石夕卡岩带和石榴子石夕卡岩带交替出现的现象，其岩石化学成分也相应地发生韵律变化，表现为在辉石夕卡岩带中SiO2和MgO含量较高，而在石榴子石夕卡岩带中CaO、TFe和Al2O3含量较高。认为夕卡岩带中的韵律变化一方面与被交代围岩中存在灰质白云岩和大理岩的互层带有关，另一方面与岩浆期后热液的渗滤交代作用有关。围岩中的灰质白云岩层被交代后形成辉石带，大理岩层被交代后形成石榴子石带。 相似文献
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环太平洋地区的矽卡岩矿床 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
环太平洋地区是世界上最重要的巨型矽卡岩矿床成矿带。在地跨亚、美、澳三大洲二十多个沿岸国家中,共分布有一千多个不同类型的矽卡岩矿床。按含矿矽卡岩主要金属元素的不同,可把本区矽卡岩矿床划分为铁、铜、铅-锌、钨、锡、钼、金七类。文中对各类矽卡岩矿床的分布和主要地质特征作了概括介绍。按含矿矽卡岩矿物组合的不同,又可分为镁矽卡岩型、钙矽卡岩型、锰质矽卡岩型和碱质矽卡岩型四类。太平洋东西两岸的矽卡岩矿床有许多共同点,但在矿化强度、分布规律和成矿时代等方面又有一定差异。文中还论述了本区矽卡岩矿床的成矿系列和岩浆岩成矿金属性问题。 相似文献
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文章综合分析研究了中国21个夕卡岩矿床中的130个角闪石的成分分析数据。根据夕卡岩类型及其伴生金属矿化的不同，把角闪石分为4大类：钙夕卡岩中的角闪石多属钙角闪石，包括绿钙闪石、铁角闪石、镁绿钙闪石、铁浅闪石、阳起石、铁阳起石、铁镁钙闪石和铁韭闪石等；镁夕卡岩中的角闪石以透闪石为主，局部有浅闪石或韭闪石；锰质夕卡岩中的角闪石有锰质阳起石、锰质透闪石、锰直闪石和锰镁闪石；碱质夕卡岩中的角闪石属钠-钙角闪石或钠角闪石类，包括钠透闪石、镁亚铁钠闪石、亚铁钠闪石、镁铝钠闪石和镁钠闪石。碳酸盐围岩和有关侵入岩的成分对角闪石的类型、成分及其伴生金属矿化起重要的作用。 相似文献
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The Nanling Range in South China hosts numerous world-class W–Sn deposits and some Fe deposits. The Mesozoic Tengtie Fe skarn deposit in the southern Nanling Range is contemporaneous with the regional Sn mineralization. The deposit is composed of numerous ore bodies along the contacts between the late Paleozoic or Mesozoic carbonate rocks and the Yanshanian Lianyang granitic complex. Interaction of the magma with hosting dolomitic limestone and limestone formed calcic (Ca-rich) and magnesian (Mg-rich) skarns, respectively. The Tengtie deposit has a paragenetic sequence of the prograde stage of anhydrous skarn minerals, followed by the retrograde stage of hydrous skarn minerals, and the final sulfide stage. Magnetite in the prograde and retrograde skarn stages is associated with diopside, garnet, chlorite, epidote, and phlogopite, whereas magnetite of the final stage is associated with chalcopyrite and pyrite. Massive magnetite ores crosscut by quartz and calcite veins are present mainly in the retrograde skarn stage. Laser ablation ICP-MS was used to determine trace elements of magnetite from different stages. Some magnetite grains have unusually high Ca, Na, K, and Si, possibly due to the presence of silicate mineral inclusions. Magnetite of the prograde stage has the highest Co contents, but that of the sulfide stage is extremely poor in Co which partitions in sulfides. Magnetite of magnesian skarns contains more Mg, Mn, and Al than that of calcic skarns, attributed to the interaction of the magma with compositionally different host rocks. Magnetite from calcic and magnesian skarns contains 6–185 ppm Sn and 61–1246 ppm Sn, respectively. The high Sn contents are not due to the presence of cassiterite inclusions which are not identified in magnetite. Instead, we believe that Sn resides in the magnetite structure. Regionally, intensive Mesozoic Sn mineralization in South China indicates that concurrent magmatic–hydrothermal fluids may be rich in Sn and contribute to the formation of high-Sn magnetite. Our study demonstrates that trace elements of magnetite can be a sensitive indicator for the skarn stages and wall-rock compositions, and as such, trace elemental chemistry of magnetite can be a potentially powerful fingerprint for sediment provenance and regional mineralization. 相似文献
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The Tongshan skarn-type copper deposit is located in the Anqing–Guichi ore cluster of the iron–copper metallogenic belt which occurs along the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Valley, China. In the study area, skarnization and mineralization took place along the contact zone between carbonates and granodiorite porphyries. The contact zone shows significant horizontal and vertical variations in alteration and mineralization. In the horizontal direction, the garnet content is high in the skarns near the intrusive body (proximal skarns), the diopside content is high farther from the intrusive body (distal skarns), and hedenbergite is concentrated in the skarns adjacent to the marble zone. Limestones located far from the marble zone experienced a strong silicification. In the vertical direction (from higher to lower levels), the rocks change from hornfels to calcareous skarn to magnesian skarn. Mineralogical studies show that the skarns near the intrusion are relatively oxidized, and the garnet in the skarns is relatively andradite rich. High concentrations of Cu are found in the porphyries with quartz veins, as well as in the calcic skarns, magnesian skarns, hornfelses, and marbles, which are located at distances of 13, 10, 43 and 25 m from the porphyries, respectively. High concentrations of Zn are found in silicified limestones and skarns located even farther from the porphyries. The present findings suggest that the Tongshan deposit was subjected to prograde alteration and mineralization, followed by retrogression. The alteration can be divided into a sequence of stages: contact metamorphism, prograde metasomatism, early retrogression, and late retrogression. The copper mineralization occurred mainly during the early retrogression, and the copper was further enriched in quartz veins within the porphyries during the late stages of magma evolution. 相似文献
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A. Cepedal M. Fuertes-Fuente A. Martín-Izard S. González-Nistal L. Rodríguez-Pevida 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,87(3-4):277-304
Summary Gold ores in skarns from the Río Narcea Gold Belt are associated with Bi–Te(–Se)-bearing minerals. These mineral assemblages
have been used to compare two different skarns from this belt, a Cu–Au skarn (calcic and magnesian) from the El Valle deposit,
and a Au-reduced calcic skarn from the Ortosa deposit. In the former, gold mineralization occurs associated with Cu–(Fe)-sulfides
(chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite-digenite), commonly in the presence of magnetite. Gold occurs mainly as native gold and
electrum. Au-tellurides (petzite, sylvanite, calaverite) are locally present; other tellurides are hessite, clausthalite and
coloradoite. The Bi-bearing minerals related to gold are Bi-sulfosalts (wittichenite, emplectite, aikinite, bismuthinite),
native bismuth, and Bi-tellurides and selenides (tetradymite, kawazulite, tsumoite). The speciation of Bi-tellurides with
Bi/Te(Se + S) ≤ 1, the presence of magnetite and the abundance of precious metal tellurides and clausthalite indicate fO2 conditions within the magnetite stability field that locally overlap the magnetite-hematite buffer. In Ortosa deposit, gold
essentially occurs as native gold and maldonite and is commonly related to pyrrhotite and to the replacement of l?llingite
by arsenopyrite, indicating lower fO2 conditions for gold mineralization than those for El Valle deposit. This fact is confirmed by the speciation of Bi-tellurides
and selenides (hedleyite, joséite-B, joséite-A, ikunolite-laitakarite) with Bi/Te(+ Se + S) ≥ 1. 相似文献
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Pb-Zn-Ag-bearing M anganoan Skarns of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHAO Yiming LI Daxin Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(2):524-528
Manganoan skarns consist of special Mn (Ca, Mg, Fe, Al) silicate metasomatic minerals and are usually associated with Pb-Zn(Ag) mineralization. They occur chiefly along the lithologic contacts or faults and fractures of carbonate wall rocks distal from the intrusive contact zone, and are combined with Fe, Cu, W, Sn and Cu-bearing calcic or magnesian skarns occurring in the contact zones to constitute certain metasomatic zoning. Manganoan skarns are formed later than calcic or magnesian skarns. Their rock-forming temperatures are lower than those of calcic or magnesian skarns. The mineral assemblages of manganoan skarns occurring in different carbonate rocks (limestone or dolomite) are notably different. 相似文献
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镁质碳酸盐岩型温石棉矿床是成矿热液交代镁质碳酸盐岩生成的,一般均产于地台环境。按地台稳定性不同,成矿环境分为地台隆起区的基底建造类型和地台拗陷区的盖层建造类型。产于地台隆起区的矿床,以前震旦纪镁质碳酸盐岩为控矿层位。产于太古代及早、中元古代深变质结晶基底中的矿床,由区域变质及混合岩化过程中的变质热液交代碳酸盐岩成矿。产于晚元古代浅变质褶皱基底(扬子准地台)中的矿床,以岩浆期后热液或接触交代(湿矽卡岩)热液为成矿热液来源。产于地台拗陷区的矿床,均以震旦纪镁质碳酸盐岩为控矿层位。其成矿时期较晚,一般与拗陷区内岩浆活动同期,由岩浆期后热液或接触交代(湿矽卡岩)热液对镁质碳酸盐岩进行交代成矿。 相似文献
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A. Martin-Izard A. Paniagua J. García-Iglesias M. Fuertes Ll. Boixet C. Maldonado A. Varela 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2000,71(2):217
This paper presents the petrographical, mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Carlés Cu–Mo–Au ore deposit, located in the Rio Narcea Gold Belt (Cantabrian zone of the Iberian Massif). It is related to a small postkinematic calc-alkaline monzogranite, which intrudes as a cedar-tree laccolith into the upper siliciclastic Furada Formation (late Silurian age) and the Nieva carbonates (early Devonian age). The Carlés deposit consists mainly of a well-developed exoskarn. The exoskarn is mostly calcic skarn made up of early garnet and pyroxene, and later amphibole, magnetite and sulfides. The presence of magnesian skarn has been recorded on the north side of the intrusion (roof of granitoid). Magnesian skarn consists of olivine, which is partially replaced by diopside and phlogopite and spinel. Close to the igneous rock, skarns are overprinted by strong potassic alteration. The ore is related to the skarn retrogradation and post-skarn veining and faulting. The skarn-related ore consists of earlier, uneconomic magnetite and Fe–As sulfide assemblages and economic Cu–Au–Ag (Bi–Te) assemblages on the eastern and western sides of the contact aureole, and uneconomic Mo and subeconomic Fe–As–Cu–Au–Ag on the northern side of the contact. Later subeconomic Fe–As–Sb–(Zn–Sn–Cu–Au–Ag) assemblages crosscut the granitoid, skarn, marbles and mineral associations developed previously, and are related to younger episodes of fracturing and faulting. Fluid inclusions in the first hydrothermal stage consist of an aqueous solution with significant contents of CO2, which reach unmixing conditions as a result of a decrease in P–T conditions. This led to two types of solutions, aqueous solutions of moderate to high salinity and hydrocarbon solutions of low salinity. This unmixing phenomenon controlled the first stage of gold precipitation. During the late hydrothermal activity, primary low-salinity-aqueous-carbonic inclusions with contrasting densities are found. They homogenize into vapor, critical or liquid phase. Homogenization temperatures are practically the same in all inclusions, indicating a boiling phenomenon that could control a new precipitation of gold. 相似文献
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矽卡岩矿床的研究现状 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文评述了矽卡岩矿床类型划分、矽卡岩形成的物理化学条件、成矿流体以及矿物成分与矿化关系的某些进展。镁矽卡岩形成于各种深度,而钙矽卡岩则形成于较浅和较低温的环境;限制矽卡岩形成的主要参数是ＣＯ＿２、深度以及岩浆期后诸元素的活度（如Ｍｇ￣（２＋）、Ｃａ￣（２＋）…）、ｐＨ和Ｅ＿ｈ值。当前已应用非平衡热力学去研究矽卡岩成岩成矿过程。接触交代带中存在两种流体,一种来自岩浆,另一种是天水循环来源;同位素资料提供水／岩反应的信息,而Ｓ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ等同位素资料提供矿质来源的标志。矽卡岩矿物如辉石、石榴石的化学成分与矿化关系密切,可以指示矿化类型。文中总结了矽卡岩型金矿特点,其蹄、铋矿物及退化蚀变是重要的找矿标志。含矿流体及成矿动力学是今后研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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FU Zhongyang XU Xiaochun HE Jun FAN Ziliang XIE Qiaoqin DU Jianguo CHEN Fang 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(1):88-110
The Tongling ore district is one of the most economically important ore areas in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, eastern China. It contains hundreds of polymetallic copper–gold deposits and occurrences. Those deposits are mainly clustered(from west to east) within the Tongguanshan, Shizishan, Xinqiao, Fenghuangshan, and Shatanjiao orefields. Until recently, the majority of these deposits were thought to be skarn-or porphyry–skarn-type deposits; however there have been recent discoveries of numerous vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb-Zn deposits that do not fall into either of these categories. This indicates that there is some uncertainty over this classification. Here, we present the results of several systematic geological studies of representative deposits in the Tongling ore district. From investigation of the ore-controlling structures, lithology of the host rock, mineral assemblages, and the characteristics of the mineralization and alteration within these deposits, three genetic types of deposits(skarn-, porphyry-, and vein-type deposits) have been identified. The spatial and temporal relationships between the orebodies and Yanshanian intrusions combined with the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals, as well as the geodynamic setting of this ore district, indicate that all three deposit types are genetically related each other and constitute a magmatic–hydrothermal system. This study outlines a model that relates the polymetallic copper–gold porphyry-, skarn-, and vein-type deposits within the Tongling ore district. This model provides a theoretical basis to guide exploration for deep-seated and concealed porphyry-type Cu(–Mo, –Au) deposits as well as shallow vein-type Au, Ag, and Pb–Zn deposits in this area and elsewhere. 相似文献
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Jieun Seo Seon‐Gyu Choi Minho Koo Chang Whan Oh In&#x;Chang Ryu Gilljae Lee 《Resource Geology》2020,70(3):215-232
The Shinyemi and Gagok deposits, located in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea, display Zn–Pb mineralization along a contact between Cretaceous granitoids and Cambrian–Ordovician carbonates of the Joseon Supergroup. The Shinyemi mine is one of the largest polymetallic skarn‐type magnetite deposits in South Korea and comprises Fe and Fe–Mo–Zn skarns, and Zn–Cu–Pb replacement deposits. Both deposits yield similar Cretaceous mineralization ages, and granitoids associated with the two deposits displaying similar mineral textures and compositions, are highly evolved, and were emplaced at a shallow depth. They are classified as calc‐alkaline, I‐type granites (magnetite series) and were formed in a volcanic arc. Compositional variation is less in the Shinyemi granites and aplites (e.g., SiO2 = 74.4–76.6 wt% and 74.4–75.1 wt%, respectively) than in the Gagok granites and aplites (e.g., SiO2 = 65.6–68.0 wt% and 74.9–76.5 wt%, respectively). Furthermore, SiO2 vs K/Rb and SiO2 vs Rb/Sr diagrams indicate that the Shinyemi granitoids are more evolved than the Gagok granitoids. Shinyemi granitoids had been already differentiated highly in deep depth and then intruded into shallow depth, so both granite and aplite show the highly evolved similar chemical compositions. Whereas, less differentiated Gagok granitoids were separated into two phases in the last stage at shallow depth, so granite and aplite show different compositions. The amounts of granites and aplite are similar in the Shinyemi deposit, whereas the aplite appears in an amount less than the granite in the Gagok deposit. For this reason, the Shinyemi granitoids caused not only Fe enrichment during formation of the dolomite‐hosted magnesian skarn but also was associated with Mo mineralization in the Shinyemi deposit. Zn mineralization of the Gagok deposit was mainly caused by granite rather than aplite. Our data suggest that the variation in mineralization displayed by the two deposits resulted from differences in the compositions of their associated igneous intrusions. 相似文献