共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
通过对西湖茶园的植物和土壤样品进行一系列的调查,以着力寻找茶叶的铅污染源。利用铅同位素技术对西湖茶园的土壤、茶叶和城区的燃煤、大气气溶胶、汽车尾气进行铅同位素示踪研究。研究表明,茶园土壤铅物质的可溶相具同源性和残查态偏于多源性。清洗后的茶叶铅含量显著降低,但其同位素组成不发生明显改变,显示出茶叶中的铅与叶面空气沉降物中的铅同源。不同介质铅同位素对比值平均值呈现表土、大气(气溶胶)、煤的w(206Pb)/w(207Pb)与茶叶趋于相近,汽油低之;表土、大气(气溶胶)、汽油的w(208Pb)/〔w(206Pb)+w(207Pb)〕与茶叶趋于相近,煤略高之。不同区域茶叶铅物质具同源性,与种植的农业地质背景无关。在煤燃烧、气化过程中,Pb进入大气,通过大气沉降或被茶树吸收或附着在茶叶叶面;汽车尾气的排放是茶树铅污染的重要原因之一。 相似文献
2.
应用Microsoft Excel软件中"数据分析"工具之T-检验,对杭州地区不同环境介质的铅同位素组成(206Pb/207Pb比值)进行了均值相等假设检验。通过T-检验,揭示了杭州市哪些环境介质具有相似或不同的铅同位素组成。结果表明,汽车尾气铅具有独特的铅同位素组成而不同于其它环境介质;汽车尾气铅对环境的污染导致环境中铅同位素组成逐渐偏离原值,如城区表土污染最为严重,其206Pb/207Pb比值已与土壤的残渣显示有显著差异,西湖表层沉积淤泥也与深部沉积柱样品有明显的不同。大气和水与多个环境介质具有相似的铅同位素比值,说明大气与水在环境中能与多种环境介质进行同位素物质交换,对污染的扩散起了重要的作用;茶叶与大气有相似的铅同位素比值,说明大气(降尘)对茶叶铅有较大的贡献。而运河沉积物与城区表土铅同位素比值高度一致则说明运河沉积物可能就是来自城区流失的表土。通过实例,介绍了Excel中T-检验在地球化学研究中的应用。 相似文献
3.
成都市近地表大气尘铅分布特征及源解析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
分析了成都市近地表大气尘样品铅及其同位素含量比的测定数据,铅含量变化范围为(119.76～1327.42)×10-6,均值为374.51×10-6,统计标准偏差为273.36,变异系数为0.73,说明成都市近地表大气尘铅含量变化大。燃煤飞灰的放射性成因铅明显高于汽油和柴油,可作为鉴别大气尘铅来源的证据。铅同位素含量数据表明成都市近地表大气尘的铅污染是复合污染源所致,其中,相对清洁区污染以建筑扬尘为主,中度污染区是汽车尾气和扬尘的叠加作用,重污染区是燃煤飞灰汽车尾气和工业污染源的综合表征。 相似文献
4.
铅同位素示踪在大气降尘重金属污染来源解析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析大气降尘中铅的污染来源,解析各污染源对大气降尘铅的相对贡献值,在厦门市不同功能区采集了29个大气降尘样品。用热电质谱仪测定了大气降尘的总铅同位素组成,用ICP-MS测定样品酸可溶相铅同位素组成。结果表明,厦门市大气降尘铅同位素206Pb/207Pb值变化较大,为1.111 9~1.173 8;酸可溶相铅206Pb/207Pb值与福建土壤残渣相206Pb/207Pb值相差较大,表明厦门市大气降尘受人类活动来源铅的影响较大;酸可溶相铅206Pb/207Pb值明显小于总量铅206Pb/207Pb值。铅同位素示踪表明,厦门市大气降尘铅主要来源是燃煤,其次是自然来源和汽车尾气。三元混合模型分析表明,燃煤、自然来源、汽车尾气对厦门市大气降尘总量铅的贡献率分别为48.57%、20.29%、31.14%。 相似文献
5.
Yang Hongmei Duan Guiling Liu Chongpeng Tong Xirun Lü Hong Duan Ruichun Mei Yuping Zhang Liguo 《第四纪研究》2012,32(2)
对荆州市郊的农田区、交通区和工业区土壤、汽车尾气、染料和煤等样品进行了铅含量和铅同位素组成研究.铅含量分析结果表明,工业区和交通区土壤均已受到一定的铅污染,其Pb含量平均值(32.80 μg/g和26.28 μg/g)均高于中国土壤平均值,但工业区受到的铅污染更严重.农田区土壤的Pb含量平均值(24.84μg/g)虽稍低,但也指示该区部分土壤已开始受到铅污染.土壤酸溶相Pb含量与全土Pb含量成显著正相关,指示土壤中的Pb主要分布在酸溶相中.铅同位素组成分析结果表明,工业区、交通区和农田区土壤以及土壤不同相(全土、土壤酸溶相和残渣相)具有不同的Pb同位素组成,且土壤的206Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb比值大致具有如下规律:土壤残渣相＞全土＞士壤酸溶相.但是,全土的两组Pb同位素比值平均值更接近于酸溶相的.煤、汽车尾气和染料等环境样品具有比土壤变化范围更大的Pb同位素组成.208Pb/204Pb与206Pb/204Pb相关关系图显示,土壤酸溶相大致位于残渣相、汽车尾气和染料与煤组成的三角形内,表明土壤同时受到了汽车尾气、染料和煤的影响.综合对比分析所有样品的Pb含量和Pb同位素组成,结果表明自无Pb汽油的使用,交通区的Pb污染已大大降低,但工业区受到的Pb污染在加重.为防止土壤铅污染的进一步加重,今后需重点防范工业Pb的排放与污染. 相似文献
6.
西藏邦铺钼铜多金属矿床硫、铅同位素
地球化学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[摘 要]西藏邦铺钼铜多金属矿床位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段,是典型的大型斑岩型矿床,以钼、铜为主,共生铅、锌。本文通过硫、铅同位素研究,获得含矿岩浆岩的硫同位素δ34S( -0.48‰～12.2‰,平均3.80‰)与硫化物矿物的硫同位素δ34S( -1.5‰～ +4.3‰,平均0.98‰) 组成一致,具有典型的岩浆硫特点(δ34S=0译);含矿岩浆岩铅同位素206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb208Pb/204Pb 比值分别变化于38.857～39.857、15.620～15.704、18.684 ～ 18.768 之间,方铅矿铅同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb 比值分别变化于18.752～18.825、15.712 ～ 15.718、39.348～39.463 之间,显示其具有正常铅同位素的特点,可能同源,具有相同的演化历史或起源;特征值及铅同位素图解显示其具有壳幔混合特征,以壳源为主,可能主要来源于参加造山带的上部地壳。 相似文献
7.
长春市城市土壤铅同位素组成特征及其来源解析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为查明长春市土壤铅的污染来源,采集了长春市表层(0～20 cm)土壤及城市环境污染端元(燃煤尘、汽车尾气尘,建筑尘)样品,采用X荧光光谱法(XRF)测定土壤Pb含量,用质谱仪测定各样品的铅同位素组成.分析结果表明,长春市表层土壤Pb平均质量分数44.72×10-6,是长春市土壤背景值(19.06×10-6)的2.35倍,已受到一定程度铅污染;长春市土壤铅同位素208Pb/207Pb和206Pb/207Pb比值变化较大,分别为2.249～2.473和1.158～1.213;各污染端元物质铅同位素组成差异较大,能很好区别各端元物质.运用铅同位素示踪技术追踪土壤铅的污染来源结果表明,长春市中心城区土壤铅污染主要来源于以热电二厂为代表的工业燃煤排放和历史汽车尾气残留,而与当前汽车尾气排放关系不大;建筑尘也一定程度上对城市土壤产生了影响. 相似文献
8.
云南大坪超大型金矿床是哀牢山金矿带内最具代表性的金矿床之一,矿体赋存于华力西期桃家寨闪长岩体内,矿化类型以石英脉型为主。对该矿床石英脉型矿石中方铅矿进行了系统的铅同位素测定,测定结果表明,矿石铅具有较窄的206Pb/204Pb比值和相对较高的207Pb/204Pb比值及208Pb/204Pb比值,但变化范围均不大,均分布于正常铅范围。通过计算获得相关特征参数,并利用铅构造模式图及相关图解综合分析表明,大坪金矿矿石中的铅主要来源于下地壳及地幔。铅同位素特征反映了大坪金矿床成矿物质来源于壳幔混合区。 相似文献
9.
青海虎头崖铜铅锌多金属矿床硫、铅同位素组成及成因意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
[摘 要] 青海虎头崖铜铅锌多金属矿是东昆仑祁漫塔格成矿带内多金属矿床的典型代表之一。本文对该矿床硫、铅同位素组成进行详细研究,探讨了成矿物质来源和矿床成因。结果表明,该矿床黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铁矿等硫化物的δ34S 值变化于+0.6‰～+8.3‰,平均+4.4‰,反映成矿流体中的硫为海水硫酸盐的地层硫和深源岩浆硫的混合硫,而不同矿带硫同位素均值的差别,可能与围岩地层硫的差异及参与程度有关。矿石矿物铅同位素组成总体变化较小(206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb 和208Pb/204Pb比值分别为18.476～18.688、15.560～15.688 和38.261～38.599),主要分布于造山带和上地壳铅演化线范围内,为岩浆作用导致的上地壳和地幔混合成因。由于赋矿层位及主控矿因素不同,各矿带的矿石铅同位素出现一定的差异。比如滩间山群内6号铜多金属矿点207Pb/204Pb 值和产于岩体与缔敖苏组接触带上的域矿带207Pb/204Pb 值相比,后者的上地壳铅参与程度较高,进一步证明壳幔混合作用对本矿区的影响。该矿床为与岩浆侵入活动密切相关的矽卡岩型铜铅锌多金属矿床。 相似文献
10.
万龙山矿床是云南都龙锡矿田南段的一个大型锌锡多金属矿床,本次通过矿床地质特征及其同位素方法研究得出：硫化物矿石的硫同位素测试结果显示,δ34S值范围-1.1×10-3~5×10-3,峰值集中在0~2×10-3之间,具有明显的塔式效应,与岩浆熔体硫同位素组成范围较为吻合,与海底喷流沉积型矿床的硫同位素特征有较明显的区别;推测硫源主要为岩浆来源,与老君山期岩浆作用有关,但有明显的幔源硫的参与和一定程度地层硫的混染。铅同位素208Pb/204Pb变化范围为38.472~39.2,207Pb/204Pb变化范围为15.618~15.76,206Pb/204Pb变化范围为18.312~19.156;μ值分布范围为9.51~9.73,平均9.63,介于原地幔（μ=7.80）与地壳（μ=9.81）之间,反映出壳幔混合铅的特征,据此判断矿区岩（矿）石的铅源以上地壳为主要来源,并有部分来自上地幔或下地壳的铅。结合矿床地质特征及硫、铅同位素特征,认为成矿作用主要与燕山晚期的岩浆热液有关,矿床类型为矽卡岩型锌锡多金属矿床。 相似文献
11.
Application of Pb isotopic tracing technique to constraining the source of Pb in the West Lake Longjing tea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper dealt with the Pb contents and Pb isotopic composition of the West Lake Longjing tea. The results showed that in the tea leaves, from young leaf →old leaf →tea limb, the Pb contents tend to increase gradu-ally from 1.63 →4.84 →6.07×10-6, wich revealed that the Pb was accumulated gradually in the tea. After cleaned, the Pb contents of tea leaves were significantly reduced. This indicated that the deposits on the surface of tea leaves made a great contributuion to Pb contents. The survey results for soils in the relevant tea gardens showed that soil from the Longjing tea garden has higher Pb contents, with an average level of 49.6×10-6, two times those of common soils (24×10-6) in China. Results of the systematic analysis for tea, tea garden soil and the samples with the relevant background of the Pb isotopic composition displayed that the Pb isotopic ratio of tea is 206Pb/207Pb=1.164±0.005 (2σ). The ratio of 206Pb/207Pb for the soil gradually decreased from residue phase, soil dilute acid extract phase, and then to urban topsoil, i.e., 1.175 →1.171 →1.170. The 208Pb/(206Pb+207Pb) ratios also show a similar variation trend. 206Pb/207Pb ratios in the samples with the relevant background were: vehicle exhaust, 1.124; coal-combustion, 1.156; atmosphere, 1.168; and water, 1.166. Comparative studies have shown that Pb pollution is popular in the environ-mental media (soil, atmosphere, water) in Hangzhou. With the aggravation of Pb pollution, the Pb isotopic composi-tion gradually changed from the natural background (soil residues) to the direction of automobile exhaust. This phe-nomenon could illustrate that the pollution source was the vehicle exhaust, while the coal-combustion contributed little to environmental pollution in Hangzhou. The Pb of the Longjing tea came mostly from soluble phase Pb in the polluted soil. Moreover, secondary pollution was caused by vehicle exhaust. 相似文献
12.
Three soil profiles taken from the Hartwood Research Station in Central Scotland have been analyzed using chemical digestion and extraction techniques to investigate the chemical association of heavy metals deposited from the atmosphere. Total digestion, EDTA extraction and the BCR (Bureau Communitaire de Reference) sequential extraction procedure were used. In addition, lead isotope ratios in the whole soils and in the fractions from the sequential extraction procedure were measured using thermal ionisation mass spectrometry. All the digestion and extraction procedures gave clear indication of enhanced concentrations of heavy metals in surface soils, in particular for lead and zinc. Whereas total digestion gave a good indication of the heavy metal status of the soils, the extraction procedures were necessary to provide information on chemical association of the metals with soil components, information needed to understand the soil processes involved in mobilization of metals. Lead isotope analysis of the whole soils revealed a consistent picture of lower 206Pb/207Pb ratios in surface soils (1.140-1.147) than in soils at 20-30 cm depth (1.182-1.190). The steady progression from the lower to higher ratios down the profile was clear indication that anthropogenic lead had penetrated to some degree into the deeper soils. The combination of sequential extraction and lead isotope analysis proved to be a powerful approach to studying this effect in more detail and showed that the fractions extractable from 20 to 30 cm soils contained lead with much lower 206Pb/207Pb ratios (1.174-1.178) than the residual fraction (1.196-1.200). As the extractable fractions contained ≥85% of the lead in the soil, a substantial portion of lead at 20-30 cm depth was of anthropogenic origin. The 206Pb/207Pb ratios of 1.174-1.178 found in the extractable fractions suggested that the mobile component of the anthropogenic lead was that deposited before the introduction of leaded petrol. 相似文献
13.
城市道路尘土中重金属污染已成为当前重大的环境问题之一.本文对我国西部石河子市城区道路尘土的重金属污染进行评价,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅的含量及铅同位素组成,采用地积累指数法评价铅的污染程度.结果显示,石河子市城区道路尘土中重金属铅的含量范围为19.36 ～ 84.63 mg/kg,平均含量为37.85 mg/kg,高于当地土壤背景值,但明显低于我国其他大中型城市,表明当前石河子市的环境质量已经受到人为活动的干扰;尘土中铅的地积累指数在-0.59～1.54之间,平均值为0.30,属于轻度污染水平.利用铅同位素示踪法识别铅污染的来源,206pb/207Pb比值的范围是1.159 ～ 1.182,208 pb/207 Pb比值的范围是2.391 ～2.457,均接近于煤炭和建筑材料的铅同位素比值,初步判断石河子道路尘土的铅污染主要受到煤炭燃烧和城市建设的影响. 相似文献
14.
To discriminate possible anthropogenic and lithogenic sources of Pb in Lower Silesia (SW Poland), the Pb isotope composition was investigated in a spectrum of rocks and anthropogenic materials as well as within 10 soil profiles. Silicate rocks in Lower Silesia have 206Pb/207Pb ratios that vary from 1.17 for serpentinites to 1.38 for gneisses, and this variability is reflected in the isotope composition of the mineral soil horizons. The Pb isotope composition of coals, ores and anthropogenic materials (slags and fly ashes) is rather uniform, with 206Pb/207Pb ratios ranging from 1.17 to 1.18. Similar ratios were observed in ore and coal samples from Upper Silesia. The O soil horizons also have uniform 206Pb/207Pb ratios of 1.17–1.18 and the heterogeneity of the 206Pb/207Pb ratios increases with depth in the soil profiles. Five soils, with varying Pb concentrations, analysed far from contamination centres, show consistent, approximately 2-fold enrichment in Pb concentration from the C to A horizons, which is consistent with natural re-distribution of Pb within the profiles. The increase in the Pb concentration is accompanied by a decrease in 206Pb/207Pb ratios, also attributed to natural Pb isotope fractionation. Four soil profiles from industrial areas show variable enrichments in Pb concentrations and these are attributed to anthropogenic input from air-borne pollutants or even slag particles at smelting sites. The implication is that a lithogenic Pb source can deviate from the basement rock composition, and detailed isotope characteristics of the geological background and natural enrichments in soils are often needed to determine the lithogenic/anthropogenic proportions of Pb in soils. 相似文献
15.
Knowledge of the cause and source of Pb pollution is important to abate environmental Pb pollution by taking source-related actions. Lead isotope analysis is a potentially powerful tool to identify anthropogenic Pb and its sources in the environment. Spatial information on the variation of anthropogenic Pb content and anthropogenic Pb sources in rural topsoils is remarkably limited. This study presents results of a survey of approximately 350 topsoil samples from rural locations covering the entire Netherlands, for which the bulk geochemical and Pb isotope compositions were determined. The specific aim of this study is to determine the anthropogenic Pb sources in the topsoils from rural areas in The Netherlands. The spatial distribution of anthropogenic Pb in soils in The Netherlands will be explained in terms of land use and pollution sources.Nearly all studied topsoils display Pb contents that exceed the amount expected based on the soil lithology. The range in Pb isotope ratios of the additional Pb fraction in rural Dutch topsoils is established at 1.056–1.199, 2.336–2.486 and 0.452–0.490 for 206Pb/207Pb, 207Pb/208Pb and 206Pb/208Pb, respectively. Five land use types are distinguished (forest, open nature, moor, arable land and grassland) with distinct isotopic compositions for added Pb. Additional Pb in soils of natural areas (forest, open nature and moor) has on average lower 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/208Pb ratios than the agricultural soils (arable land and grassland). Additional Pb in both natural area soils and agricultural soils is interpreted to be of anthropogenic origin: most likely a mixture of coal/galena, incinerator ashes and gasoline Pb. The dominant sources of additional Pb in the topsoil of open nature areas are most likely incinerator ash and gasoline Pb. In contrast, the on average higher 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/208Pb ratios of additional Pb in agricultural soils are most likely caused by the presence of animal manure and N–P fertilizers.Several areas are observed with notably high additional Pb contents (26–211 mg/kg on an organic matter-free basis) in the topsoil. The largest area is the Randstad area, which has the highest population and traffic density, and hosts a considerable fraction of the Dutch chemical industry. Two other areas with high additional Pb contents in the topsoil are located near the Dutch borders and are most likely influenced by German and Belgian chemical industries. The topsoils in the coastal dunes and southern, central and northern forests are characterized by relatively low additional Pb contents (<10 mg/kg on an organic matter-free basis). The population, traffic and chemical industry density is low in these areas and no fertilizers are applied. 相似文献
16.
Uptake and recycling of lead by boreal forest plants: Quantitative estimates from a site in northern Sweden 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jonatan Klaminder Richard Bindler Ingemar Renberg 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(10):2485-2496
As a consequence of deposition of atmospheric pollution, the lead concentration in the mor layer (the organic horizon) of remote boreal forest soils in Sweden is raised far above natural levels. How the mor will respond to decreased atmospheric pollution is not well known and is dependent on future deposition rates, downward migration losses and upward fluxes in the soil profile. Plants may contribute to the upward flux of lead by ‘pumping’ lead back to the mor surface through root uptake and subsequent litter fall. We use lead concentration and stable isotope (206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb) measurements of forest vegetation to quantify plant uptake rates from the soil and direct from the atmosphere at two sites in northern Sweden; an undisturbed mature forest and a disturbed site with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) growing on a recently exposed mineral soil (C-horizon) containing a minimum of atmospherically derived pollution lead. Analyses of forest mosses from a herbarium collection (spanning the last ∼100 yr) and soil matrix samples suggest that the atmospheric lead deposited on plants and soil has an average 206Pb/207Pb ratio of 1.15, while lead derived from local soil minerals has an average ratio of ∼1.47. Since the biomass of trees and field layer shrubs has an average 206Pb/207Pb ratio of ∼1.25, this indicates that 70% ± 10% of the inventory of 1 ± 0.8 mg Pb m−2 stored in plants in the mature forest originates from pollution. Needles, bark and apical stemwood of the pine growing on the disturbed soil, show lower 206Pb/207Pb ratios (as low as 1.21) than the roots and basal stemwood (having ratios > 1.36), which indicate that plants are able to incorporate lead directly from the atmosphere (∼50% of the total tree uptake). By partitioning the total uptake of lead into uptake from the atmosphere and different soil layers using an isotopic mixing model, we estimate that ∼0.03 ± 0.01, 0.02 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.01 mg Pb m−2 yr−1 (mean ± SD), is taken up from the mor layer, the mineral soil and the atmosphere, respectively, by plants in the undisturbed mature forest. These small fluxes, which are at least a magnitude lower than reported downward migration losses, suggest that plant uptake will not strongly prolong the self-cleaning rate of the mor layer. 相似文献
17.
Systematic variations in the Cd and Pb isotope ratios in polluted topsoils surrounding the Jinding Pb–Zn mine in China were measured so that the sources of the metals could be traced. The average δ114/110Cd value and 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratio in background soils from the region were +0.41‰ and 1.1902, respectively, whereas the contaminated soil samples had different values, with the δ114/110Cd values varying between −0.59‰ and +0.33‰ and the 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios varying between 1.1764 and 1.1896. We also measured the Cd and Pb isotopic compositions in oxide ores, sulfide ores, and slags, and found that binary mixing between ores and background soils could explain almost all of the variations in the Cd and Pb isotope ratios in the contaminated soils. This suggests that Cd and Pb pollution in the soils was mainly caused by the deposition of dust emitted during anthropogenic activities (mining and refining). The Pb and Cd isotope ratios clearly showed that contamination in soils in the northeastern part of the area was caused by surface mines and zinc smelters and their slagheaps, while contamination in soils in the southwestern part of the area also came from tailing ponds and underground mines. The main area of soil polluted by dust from Pb–Zn mining processes roughly extended for up to 5 km from the mine itself. 相似文献
18.
The role of pollution versus natural geological sources for lead enrichment in recent lake sediments and surface forest soils 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M.-L. Brännvall H. Kurkkio R. Bindler O. Emteryd I. Renberg 《Environmental Geology》2001,40(9):1057-1065
This paper assesses the role of airborne pollution and natural geological sources for lead enrichment in lake sediments and in surface soils of boreal forests. This assessment is based on analyses of stable lead isotopes (206Pb and 207Pb) and lead concentrations in sediment cores (>30 lakes), ombrotrophic peat and soil samples in Sweden. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio and concentration profiles in the sediment cores change synchronously over the last 3,000 years in different lakes, temporal concentration changes in sediments and peat deposits are very consistent, and these temporal concentration changes coincide well with the history of lead production in Europe. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio is almost the same in all soil mor samples (1.152ǂ.009; n=94), and similar to values recorded in aerosols, despite very high and different 206Pb/207Pb ratio of the mineral soil in the C-horizon (1.3-1.7). This study provides evidence that lead enrichment in recent sediments and peat, and in the mor layer are caused by deposition of pollution lead and not natural processes. 相似文献