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1.
高温下水基钻井液中膨润土颗粒会发生高温分散或高温聚结作用,从而导致钻井液性能发生剧变,针对这一问题,开展了合成锂皂石用作钻井液造浆材料实验研究。采用X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜及红外光谱对合成锂皂石H-6样进行了结构表征,对其分散性、抗盐性及抗温性能等进行了评价,并分析了合成锂皂石抗高温增稠机理。试验结果发现:合成锂皂石H-6样层间存在Na+与Li+两种阳离子,其阳离子交换容量(CEC)为149. 1mmol/100g,而且远高于钠膨润土的CEC值;合成锂皂石极易分散在水中,能明显提高水相的黏度,而且不受水化时间及水化温度影响。例如,当H-6加量从0. 5%增加至4%时,其分散体系的表观黏度从1. 5mPa·s增加至63. 5mPa·s;随着温度增加,合成锂皂石分散体系的表观黏度呈先增加后基本不变趋势,未出现高温明显增稠或高温减稠现象。例如,2%H-6分散体系在180～240℃高温老化后,其表观黏度在22～24mPa·s变化;合成锂皂石H-6样与其它处理剂配伍性好,采用其作为造浆材料配制的超高温水基钻井液具有优良的抗高温稳定性及高温流变性能,无需添加抗高温增黏剂及抗高温稀释剂来调整钻井液的流变性能。研究结果表明,合成锂皂石具有优良的抗高温分散性能,适合用作抗高温造浆材料,用于配制超高温水基钻井液。 相似文献
2.
《新疆地质》2016,(4)
通过野外观察和地球化学元素测定,榆树沟皂石矿床具有两种矿石类型:镁皂石矿和锂镁皂石矿。矿石主要产于镁铁质-花岗岩类与碳酸盐岩地层接触带,矿石中含有矽卡岩类热液变质矿物。微量元素研究表明,华力西晚期黑云母化花岗岩中锂含量56.70×10~(-6),并与中泥盆统阿拉塔格组和早期侵入岩间发生交代变质作用,大量锂元素的带入形成锂镁皂石矿。C,O同位素数值显示,含矿碳酸盐岩的δ~(13)C数值偏低,为-2.6‰~1.9‰,平均-0.55‰;δ~(18)O_(Q-SMOW)值为4.9‰~19.2‰,平均11.5‰;矿化斜辉橄榄岩的δ~(18)O_(Q-SMOW)值为15.80‰,明显因地层流体的混入而升高,表明成矿热液流体具混合流体特征。这为热液蚀变型矿床成因机制提供了有力证据。 相似文献
3.
在2:1型粘土矿物中,层电荷数为0.2—0.6之间的蒙脱石、贝得石、绿脱石、铬绿脱石、富锂蒙脫石、皂石、锌皂石、锂蒙脱石,富镁蒙脱石、脂镍皂石等都属于同族矿物,其族名使用哪个术语较好,目前国内尚不统一。在国外,被用作族名的术语有两个,一个是单名Smectite,另一个是复名Montmorillonite-Saponite,不同的矿物学家用法不同。由于后一名称较长,使用不便,因此,国际粘土研究协会在 相似文献
4.
蒙皂石粘土矿物不正常转化的实例分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用岩石铸体薄片,X射线衍射和扫描电镜资料分析了一个蒙皂石粘土矿物不正常转化的实例,发现岩石组分是蒙皂石转化出现滞后现象的内在因素,在蒙皂石转化剖面上缺失迅速转化带是岩石组分分带性的结果,蒙皂石粘土矿物的不正常转化改变了碎屑岩的孔隙发育特征。 相似文献
5.
中国云南玉溪和美国内华达均已发现大量黏土型锂资源,目前关于两地区样品矿物学特征的研究相对不足,而对黏土型锂资源进行充分的矿物学特征研究是锂提取工作开展的重要前提。本文采用X射线荧光光谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线粉晶衍射、扫描电镜等分析技术,从化学组成、矿物组成、微观形貌等角度对云南玉溪的两个黏土型锂资源样品(YM-1和YM-2)和美国内华达的两个黏土型锂资源样品(Ame-1和Ame-2)进行对比分析。结果表明:玉溪地区和内华达地区样品的锂含量均高于1000μg/g,具有一定的开发利用价值,但这两个地区的黏土型锂资源样品在主要化学成分、矿物组成、微观形貌和锂赋存状态四个方面均存在较大差异。具体来说,(1)主要化学成分差异:玉溪地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2和Al_2O_3(硅、铝氧化物总量超过80%),而内华达地区样品的主要化学成分为SiO_2(60.39%)或CaO(42.30%)。(2)矿物组成差异:玉溪地区样品的主要矿物为高岭石和蒙脱石,而内华达地区样品的主要矿物为石英、绿脱石、斯皂石或方解石。(3)微观形貌差异:玉溪地区样品是由表面平坦、边缘圆滑且大小相对均一的片层状结构堆叠而成,而内华达地区样品主要表现为大小不一的块状矿物聚集体。(4)锂赋存状态差异:玉溪地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙脱石中,而内华达地区样品中的锂主要赋存于蒙皂石族矿物中。本研究结果基本明确了云南玉溪地区和美国内华达地区黏土型锂资源的矿物学特征,可为这两个地区黏土型锂资源后期的开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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7.
蒙皂石含量与膨胀土膨胀势指标相关关系研究 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：10
对沿南水北调中线工程邯郸永年、南阳、平顶山等地区及襄樊、荆门钟祥地区采集的各类地表、近地表膨胀土样品5 6件 ,运用现代XRD定量方法和有机染料吸附方法测量了粘土矿物成分和蒙皂石含量 ,同时测定了它们的液限、塑限、自由膨胀率、比表面积、粘粒、胶粒含量等指标。蒙皂石含量与各种膨胀势判别指标研究表明 ,蒙皂石含量是各种膨胀势的主要控制因素。当然 ,各种测量误差 (主要是蒙皂石含量的测量误差 )也是影响膨胀势判别的因素。Seed膨胀势较本文采用的推荐方案划分结果高 1～ 2个级次。蒙皂石含量与各参量之间呈线性、对数、指数关系 ,与粘土矿物的诊断吸收特性一起 ,这为膨胀土遥感提供了基础. 相似文献
8.
9.
在渐进成岩过程中,伊蒙混层粘土的伊利石层和蒙皂石层的含量之比（Ｉ／Ｓ）常随埋深增加而呈幕式加大,但该比值达到４∶１后就变得相对稳定了,直到大约３５０℃,残留的少量蒙皂石层才最后消失［１］。业已证实,自然界中这类粘土的伊利石层（和蒙皂石层）多处在准稳... 相似文献
10.
对珠江口盆地两口钻井95个泥质岩样粘土矿物X衍射分析资料的定量研究表明,若反应是以消耗蒙皂石为代价形成伊利石,则反应符合溶解-沉淀机理,但除此以外,蒙皂石还可以净溶解或新增伊利石层的方式加大I/S比。蒙皂石在渐进成岩过程中的框架性行为模式具有三级控制,按顺序分别由温度、基本离子成分和动力学因素控制特定温度段内蒙皂石行为过程的起始和终结、行为过程的方式和行为过程的速率和程度。渐进成岩过程中I/S比的变化主要与第三级控制有关,而游离状蒙皂石和伊-蒙混层粘土的含量变化则是第二三两级共同控制的结果。 相似文献
11.
累托石制备润滑脂的初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
累托石是一种具有独特的结构组成和性质的粘土矿物,其既具有象蒙脱石一样的阳离子交换性,吸水膨胀性,制浆性等,又具有象云母一样的耐高温性和光滑性等性能。经提纯和有机改性后的累托石吸油速度快,膨胀率高,是一种较好的稠化剂,用它制备的润滑脂滴点〉６３３．１５Ｋ,远高于膨润土润滑脂的指标要求,研究表明,累托石是制备润肖脂稠化剂的好原料,累托石润滑脂是一种新型高温润滑脂。 相似文献
12.
《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(1):119-135
Colloid-facilitated transport of contaminants could enhance the release rate of radionuclides from the cementitious near field of a repository for radioactive waste. In the current design of the planned Swiss repository for intermediate-level radioactive waste, a gas-permeable mortar is employed as backfill material for the engineered barrier. The main components of the material are hardened cement paste (HCP) and quartz aggregates. The chemical condition in the backfill mortar is controlled by the highly alkaline cement pore water present in the large pore space. The interaction of pore water with the quartz aggregates is expected to be the main source for colloids. Colloid transport is facilitated due to the high porosity of the backfill mortar. Batch-type studies have been performed to generate colloidal material in systems containing crushed backfill mortar or quartz in contact with artificial cement pore water (ACW) at pH 13.3. The chemical composition of the colloidal material corresponds to that of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH). Batch flocculation tests show that, after about 20 days reaction time, the concentration of the CSH-type colloids is typically below 0.1 mg l−1 due to reduced colloid stability in ACW. Uptake studies with Cs(I), Sr(II) and Th(IV) on a CSH phase (initial C:S ratio=1.09) have been carried out to assess the sorption properties of the colloidal material. The influence of uptake by colloids on radionuclide mobilisation is expressed in terms of sorption reduction on the immobile phase (HCP). Sorption reduction factors can be estimated on the assumption that the sorption properties of the colloidal material are either similar to those of the CSH phase or HCP, and that sorption is linear and reversible. A scaling factor accounts for the higher specific surface area of the colloidal material compared to the CSH phase and HCP. At colloid concentration levels typically encountered in highly alkaline cement pore waters, colloid-induced sorption reduction is predicted to be negligibly small even for strongly sorbing radionuclides, such as Th(IV). Thus, no significant impact of cementitious colloids on radionuclide mobilisation in the porous backfill mortar is anticipated. 相似文献
13.
Flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICPMS) has been used to determine the chemical composition of colloids from a freshwater sample as a function of size. Organic carbon and iron are the most abundant colloidal components, and are considered as the major carrier phases for other chemical elements present. The size distribution of organic carbon colloids shows a single peak with an estimated hydrodynamic diameter between 1 and 1.5 nm, while the iron colloids show a more complex distribution centred at larger colloid sizes with estimated hydrodynamic diameters up to 5 nm. The association of 32 trace elements with these two carrier colloids has been quantified by deconvolution analysis, and the resulting distributions are shown to be chemically consistent. The observed distributions are also shown to be broadly consistent with predictions from speciation modelling for the subset of 8 elements for which appropriate stability constants are available. 相似文献
14.
A conceptual isotopic/geochemical model is presented to explain the variation of major, trace and rare earth element (REE)
geochemistry and Sr isotope systematics in suspended particulate matter (SPM) as a function of particle/colloid size. This
conceptual model is an extension of a previous investigation of the origin of SPM in the Murray-Darling River system (MDRS)
that utilised Sr isotope systematics to examine aspects of SPM (particle/colloid) origin, structure and mineralogy. The geochemical
processes that give rise to the often coherent trends in major, trace and REE geochemistry and Sr isotopic signature as a
function of particulate (<1 μm) and colloidal (>1 μm) size in the MDRS have been identified using an enhanced SPM size fractionation
technique as a basis to not only obtain a broad range of particle/colloid size ranges, but also to provide sufficient material
for subsequent geochemical and isotopic analysis. The conceptual isotopic/geochemical model proposed here contains three major
components: (i) the differential weathering of micas and alkali (K-) feldspars to form the majority of the particulate (<1
μm) fractions (high 87Sr/86Sr ratio), which have a geochemical and Sr isotopic signature that closely resembles precursor
mineralogies, (ii) the differential weathering of Na, Ca-feldspars (plagioclase) which decompose to form clay minerals in
the colloidal (>1 μm) fractions (low 87Sr/86Sr ratio), with a range of geochemical signatures related to the relative proportions
of inorganic and organic constituents, and (iii) the presence of natural organic matter as coatings on the particulate (<1
μm) and colloidal (>1 μm) matter and possibly as organo-colloids which exert an increasing influence in particular on bulk
colloid geochemistry with decreasing colloid size. This conceptual isotopic/geochemical model also accounts for the distinct
variation in major, trace and REE geochemistry and Sr isotopic systematics between the particulate (<1 μm) and colloidal (>1
μm) fractions, the variation being primarily a function of the distinctly different precursor mineralogies of the SPM fractions
and geochemical fractionation during the weathering and transport. Additionally, this model explains a systematic fractionation
of REE apparent within colloidal (>1 μm) fractions. Statisitcal (hierachical cluster) analysis of two particulate and three
colloidal fractions from 23 samples from the MDRS is used as a basis to investigate geochemical and mineralogical associations
within the particulate and colloidal size fractions and to provide additional supporting evidence for the conceptual isotopic/geochemical
model.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
在野外调查的基础上, 研究不同钠吸附比(SAR)条件下滨海含水层胶体释放规律, 采集天津平原区代表性含水层土样, 采用室内批实验和土柱实验, 研究胶体释放浓度和释放量的动态特征, 识别不同含水介质胶体释放的差异性, 同时分析胶体颗粒释放过程中含水介质渗透性变异特征.结果表明, 在NaCl和CaCl2混合溶液系统中, 含水层含水介质胶体颗粒的释放与地下水溶液所含阳离子价态有关, Ca2+含量越高, SAR越小, 胶体越不容易释放出来, Ca2+对胶体释放的抑制作用越强烈.土柱实验表明不同吸附比情况下粉砂和中砂胶体释放浓度均很小; 当地下水中SAR为0和8时粉土胶体释放很少, 当溶液的SAR为∞时胶体有明显的释放, 释放浓度随孔隙体积数的增加而增加, 在52个孔隙体积数瞬时达到峰值73.76 mg/L, 然后缓慢减少, 最后累积释放量达0.13 mg/g.胶体释放过程中, 粉土、粉砂和中砂渗透性损失分别为98.2%、86.7%和95.9%;含水介质渗透性的降低主要是由于释放的胶体颗粒在空间上重新分布造成的. 相似文献
16.
《Applied Geochemistry》2003,18(3):457-470
Metal partitioning depends on the physical–chemical conditions of a system and can be affected by anthropogenic inputs. In this study, the authors report the results of trace metal partitioning between particulate (>1.2 μm), colloidal (1.2 μm–1 kDa) and truly dissolved (<1 kDa) fractions in the polluted section of the Upper Vistula River compared with the non-polluted headwaters. It was found that the salt input in the Vistula River induced a decrease of colloid concentration and the increase of suspended particulate matter. Compared with upstream from the polluted section, the metal concentrations (Co, Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn) in the colloidal fraction were lower. It was mainly due to the rapid colloid coagulation at increased salinity, the competition with ligands and major ions (Ca and Mg) and the weak mobility of metals associated with particles at the pollution sources. 相似文献
17.
适于深部取心钻探井超高温聚磺钻井液体系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
东北松辽盆地强水敏泥岩、泥页岩、凝灰岩发育,地温梯度高达4.1℃/100m。深井钻进过程中易出现井壁失稳、钻井液抗温能力不足等复杂情况,研制深部取心钻进配套用超高温钻井液具有迫切的工程需要。通过造浆土、抗温抗盐处理剂、防塌剂等处理剂优选及复配试验,完成了抗高温聚磺钻井液配方设计。钠土与凹凸棒土复配保证了高温钻井液具有合适的粘土胶粒浓度,处理剂优选在满足良好护胶性能的基础上充分考虑了其粘度效应。综合测试结果表明,该聚磺钻井液在230℃条件下连续加热滚动24h后性能稳定,且具备良好的抑制性、润滑性及一定的抗污染能力。在东北松辽盆地某深井连续取心钻进过程中取得了良好的应用效果。 相似文献
18.
为解决现有沥青类防塌剂软化点高及较低温度条件下润滑性差等问题,采用沥青及石油树脂等为主要原料,研制出软化点30℃~60℃可调的防塌减阻剂GFT。室内性能评价表明,GFT具有胶体稳定性好、软化点低、乳液粒径小及润滑能力强等特点,而且与冲洗液配伍性强,不会明显增加冲洗液的粘度,并能有效地降低冲洗液的滤失量。在淡水膨润土基浆中加入1%软化点为46℃的防塌减阻剂,基浆的润滑系数降低率达69%。经在山东及安徽等地多个复杂地层钻孔中现场应用,证明了防塌减阻剂GFT对松散破碎地层、见水易分散地层及硬碎地层具有良好的护壁效果,同时能较好地降低钻具扭矩及摩擦阻力。 相似文献
19.
针对伊朗TALEGHAN水库大坝观测仪器孔在松散、架空、透水性极强的堆石层中钻进存在的取心困难、泥浆漏失严重、孔壁稳定性差等问题,引进以KL植物胶为主要原料的处理剂配置成无固相冲洗液和不分散低固相泥浆,并配合一系列堵漏材料在现场的综合应用,取得了良好的钻进效果。介绍了KL植物胶的配方、泥浆性能指标及护壁堵漏效果,为今后类似地层钻孔提供了可借鉴的经验。 相似文献
20.
The environmental behaviour of colloidal clay in aquatic systems is linked to the properties of their aggregates. Earlier investigations of clay colloids were performed with electron microscope techniques which caused de-hydration of the particles. Information on the structure of colloid aggregates is needed for understanding their sedimentation behaviour, as well as colloid contaminant transport properties in natural systems. Scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy successfully produced images of montmorillonite colloid aggregates in a pseudo-equilibrium state in 1 mM NaCl suspensions equilibrated for more than a year. These clay aggregates were revealed at photon energies below the O absorption edges of clay and water. They were spherical or ellipsoidal with diameters of the order of 100–800 nm. The aggregates are porous and gel like with lower densities than the clay mineral. These investigations are important for modelling the occurrence of clay aggregates in aqueous environments. 相似文献