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1.
滇西古特提斯带在地理上包括怒江、澜沧江和金沙江所穿过的横断山脉地区(简称滇西“三江”地区)。构造上属于特提斯构造带的东南段,处于印度板块和扬子板块的交汇部位,是由金沙江—哀牢山、澜沧江及怒江三个造山带及其夹持其间的兰坪—思茅和保山微陆块组成,共同构成了滇西古特提斯带的大地构造基本格架。  相似文献   

2.
印度/亚洲汇聚-碰撞过程经历了新特提斯洋盆滋生、消减和俯冲、亚洲南缘增生造山以及印度/亚洲碰撞造山和青藏高原的隆升,在青藏高原南部和东南部造就了"冈底斯火山岩浆带"、"雅鲁藏布江缝合带"、"喜马拉雅碰撞造山带"和大量物质向南东逃逸的"三江侧向挤出地体群",以及相应形成具有重大找矿突破战略前景的"冈底斯成矿带"、"雅鲁藏布江成矿带"、"特提斯喜马拉雅成矿带"和"三江成矿带"。本文通过对四大成矿带的大地构造定格讨论了与资源前景相关的科学问题,提出"冈底斯成矿带"中的岛弧型斑岩铜金矿具有找矿的重大潜力、重视藏东—滇西地区的俯冲-碰撞型岩浆成矿专属性研究;提出扩大西藏罗布莎铬铁矿矿集区的开发规模,以及在西部阿里地区的大型超基性岩体中寻找新的铬铁矿远景地的思路;在三江多阶段成矿作用的叠合型矿床中,集中古特提斯和新特提斯成矿类型,关注与斜向碰撞有关的走滑剪切带对成矿作用的制约机制;需进一步确定特提斯喜马拉雅矿化带与藏南拆离系关系和重视始—中新世高Sr/Y花岗(斑)岩的成矿专属性及找矿前景。  相似文献   

3.
东南亚中南半岛成矿带初步划分与区域成矿特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
东南亚中南半岛成矿带是特提斯(地中海-喜马拉雅-东南亚)洲际成矿域的重要组成部分,富含丰富的矿产资源。基于该区的地质矿产图,结合前人的研究,分别以古地缝合带和深断裂为界,将其划分为5个一级成矿省,19个二级成矿带。研究表明:①在古老陆核结晶基底区形成沉积变质型铁、铜和稀土金属矿床;②在板(断)块的结合带形成典型的与基性—超基性岩浆活动有关的铬铁和铜镍硫化物矿床;③在板内沉积凹陷区形成盐类矿床;④在造山带的各个演化阶段形成与花岗质岩浆活动有关的斑岩铜金矿床、热液型铅锌矿床、热液脉状金矿床与热液脉状钨锡矿床。研究成果不仅为从整体上认识该区的成矿规律提供了基本框架,而且为在中国西南“三江”成矿带寻找与毗邻国家类似的矿床提供了新的启示。  相似文献   

4.
怒江、澜沧江、金沙江地区构造与成矿作用   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
李永森  陈炳蔚 《矿床地质》1991,10(4):289-299
据野外调查资料,将怒江、澜沧江、金沙江地区划为三个大的构造单元,即扬子板块西缘、印度板块北东缘和处于上两者之间的交接带或转换构造带。本文以大地构造格架为背景,结合成矿建造与构造变动的内在联系,在本区划出11个主要金属成矿带。追溯构造演化与成矿作用关系划出6大成矿阶段,即前特提斯阶段、古特提斯阶段、古特提斯碰撞阶段、碰撞后继阶段、中特提斯阶段及陆内强挤压阶段。其中以第四、第六两个成矿阶段最重要。本文还着重描述了构造运动形式及构造变形与成矿作用的关系,解剖了川西呷村含金富银多金属矿、藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿、滇西金顶铅锌矿、哀牢山带金矿等大型典型矿产形成的构造地质背景。  相似文献   

5.
重新认识中国斑岩铜矿的成矿地质条件   总被引:40,自引:10,他引:40  
根据中国大陆洋陆作用的关系和造山带的演化,重新划分了中国斑岩铜矿成矿域和成矿带,将其分为古亚洲、北部特提斯、南部特提斯(喜马拉雅)和环太平洋4个成矿域。古亚洲成矿域又分为华北陆块北缘早-中古生代成矿带、哈萨克斯坦地块东北缘晚古生代成矿带、哈萨克斯坦地块南缘中晚古生代成矿带、西伯利亚板块西南缘晚古生代成矿带。特提斯北部成矿域分为中咱地块西缘晚三叠世义敦成矿带、羌塘地块(昌都-思茅地块)北缘古近纪玉龙成矿带、塔里木地块南缘晚古生代-新生代成矿带、扬子地块西缘古近纪成矿带。南部特提斯(喜马拉雅)成矿域分为班公错成矿带和冈底斯成矿带。环太平洋成矿域分晚中生代活动陆缘成矿带和台湾古近纪-新近纪岛弧成矿带。综合分析中国大陆地质演化史与斑岩铜矿成矿地质背景,对中国斑岩铜矿勘查工作具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

6.
西南三江地区造山演化过程及成矿时空分布   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
骆耀南  俞如龙 《矿物岩石》2001,21(3):153-159
三江地区单凭“一次造山”是难以圆满解释的。本文试以“多次造山”多期成矿”的思路作出合理说明。晚古生代-中生代早期多岛海造山阶段,羌塘弧、江达弧和临沧弧应为前锋弧,其后由一系列弧后盆地和岛弧或残余弧(或微大陆)组成。中生代中-晚期为陆内俯冲造山阶段,推测金沙江带、哀牢山带和龙门山-锦屏山带为俯冲主边界,从而形成本区燕山期重熔型花岗岩带,控制相应矿产的分布特征。新生代陆内转换造山阶段,造成特征的构造-岩浆-成矿带,具有生成大型或超大型矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

7.
西南三江地区造山演化过程及成矿时空分布   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
骆耀南  俞如龙 《地球学报》2002,23(5):417-422
三江地区单凭“一次造山”是难以圆满解释的,在此试以“多次造山”和“多期成矿”的思路作出合理的说明。晚古生代-中生代早期为多岛海造山阶段,羌塘弧、江达弧和临沧弧应为前锋弧,其后由一系列弧 后盆地和岛弧或残余弧(微大陆)组成。中生代中一晚期为陆内俯冲造山阶段,推测金沙江带、哀牢山带和龙门山-锦屏山带为俯冲主边界,从而形成该区燕山期重熔型花岗岩带,并控制相应矿产的分布特性。新生代陆内转换造山阶段造成具特征的构造-岩浆-成矿带,具有生成大型或超大型矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

8.
东南亚大地构造特征与成矿作用   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
东南亚地区位于全球特提斯成矿域、环太平洋成矿域与印度-澳大利亚成矿域的交汇地带。构造演化独特,先后经历了原-古-中-新特提斯增生造山、印度-欧亚陆陆碰撞造山、太平洋俯冲等多期次构造-岩浆事件,形成了多条火山弧带、蛇绿混杂带以及同碰撞和后碰撞岩浆岩带。本文在总结前人大地构造研究成果基础上,将东南亚地区划分为6个一级构造单元、32个二级构造单元和57个三级构造单元。伴随着原-古-中-新特提斯构造演化、印度-欧亚大陆碰撞、太平洋俯冲等多期次构造域事件,以构造单元划分为基础,将东南亚地区划分为3个一级成矿域,6个二级成矿省,21个三级成矿带,并结合构造演化初步探讨了主要成矿事件。  相似文献   

9.
西南三江成矿带中南段铅锌矿床成矿系列   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
笔者应用成矿系列理论,将三江成矿带中南段的铅锌矿床初步划分为3个成矿系列组合,9个成矿系列和7个成矿亚系列,并总结了各成矿系列的基本特征。  相似文献   

10.
滇西泥盆纪——三叠纪盆—山转换过程与特提斯构造演化   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
谭富文  潘桂棠  王剑 《矿物岩石》2001,21(3):179-185
滇西地区以昌宁-连缝合带为古特提斯主洋闭合的位置。晚古生代-中生代时期古特提斯经历了一次盆转山和山控盆演变序列的全过程,可大致划分为4个发展阶段:(1)洋盆扩张阶段(D-C2)。古特提斯洋西侧的保山地块属冈瓦纳古陆的东缘,为非火山型被动大陆边缘;东侧的思茅地块属扬子地块的西缘部分,为火山型被动大陆边缘。(2)洋-陆汇阶段(C3-P2)。昌宁-孟连洋向东俯冲消减,思茅地区转化为弧后扩张盆地;墨江一带形成弧后扩张洋盆,思茅地块从扬子西缘分离。(3)弧-陆碰撞阶段(T1-T3),古特提斯主洋及分支洋盆相继关闭,全区发生大规模的造山升隆,前期的盆转山过程转入山控盆阶段,在哀牢山两侧分别形成了受造山作用控制的兰坪-思茅弧后前陆盆地和楚雄周缘前陆盆地。(4)陆-陆碰撞阶段(J1-K),滇西前陆盆地向陆内拗陷盆地转变,造山带的控盆作用结束。  相似文献   

11.
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

12.
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

13.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

14.
本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

15.
本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

16.
Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

17.
18.
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.  相似文献   

19.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率   总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1  
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。  相似文献   

20.
Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.  相似文献   

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